ESKIMO CRANIA—Continued
Western, Northern, and Eastern Eskimo—Continued
FEMALES
Seward Peninsula Port Clarence Wales Shishmaref Kotzebue Sound and Kobuk River Point Hope Barrow and vicinity Old Igloos north of Barrow Point Barrow Northern Arctic Southampton Island Hudson Bay and vicinity Baffin Land, North Devon and vicinity Smith Sound Greenland
Golovnin Bay Cape Nome Sledge Island
Vault: (4) (2) (9) (3) (15) (10) (1) (92) (36) (25) (52) (10) (6) (2) (17) (2) (52)
Length 17.92 17.70 18.13 17.63 18.05 17.73 17.2 17.5 7 17.77 18.11 17.91 18.21 18.17 17.55 18.33 18 18.04
(4) (2) (9) (3) (15) (10) (1) (92) (36) (25) (52) (10) (6) (2) (17) (2) (52)
Breadth 13.22 13.25 13.50 13.50 13.35 13.29 13.4 13.43 13.23 12.72 13.32 13.36 13.70 13.60 13.44 13.80 12.98
(4) (2) (9) (3) (15) (9) (1) (89) (34) (24) (52) (10) (6) (2) (17) (2) (52)
Height 13.20 13 13.22 12.90 13.21 13.16 13.4 13.20 12.97 13.21 13.03 12.99 13.69 12.55 13.34 13.65 13.12
(4) (2) (9) (3) (15) (9) (1) (89) (34) (24) (52) (10) (6) (2) (17) (2) (52)
Cranial Module 14.78 14.65 14.95 14.68 14.87 14.72 14.67 14.72 14.66 14.72 14.75 14.85 15.18 14.57 15.04 15.15 14.72
(4) (2) (8) (1) (15) (6) (89) (3) (6) (1) (43)
Capacity 1,345 1,290 1,374 1,285 1,359 1,239 1,316 1,235 1,443 1,510 1,324
(4) (2) (9) (3) (15) (10) (1) (92) (36) (25) (52) (10) (6) (2) (17) (2) (52)
Cranial Index 73.8 74.8 74.5 76.6 73.9 75 77.9 76.4 74.5 70.2 74.4 73.4 75.4 77.5 73.3 76.7 72
(4) (2) (9) (3) (15) (9) (1) (89) (34) (24) (52) (10) (6) (2) (17) (2) (52)
Mean height Index 84.8 83.9 83.6 82.9 84 84.9 87.6 85.2 82.9 86.4 83.4 82.3 85.9 80.6 84 85.8 84.6
(4) (2) (9) (3) (15) (9) (1) (89) (34) (24) (52) (10) (6) (2) (17) (2) (52)
Height-breadth index 99.8 98.1 97.9 95.5 99 98.9 100 98.2 98.1 104.6 97.8 97.2 99.9 92.3 99.3 98.9 101
Face: (3) (3) (11) (1) (1) (2) (15) (1) (3) (5) (2) (5)
Menton-nasion 12.03 11.93 11.85 12 11.9 12.05 11.21 12.7 11.7 11.60 11.20 11.52
(3) (1) (7) (1) (16) (9) (1) (78) (22) (18) (40) (7) (5) (2) (12) (2) (45)
Nasion-upper alveolar point 7.40 7.3 7.30 6.7 7.39 7.20 7.1 7.06 7.18 7.01 7.22 7.43 7.14 6.95 7.10 6.80 7.05
(4) (2) (7) (1) (1) (8) (1) (84) (23) (24) (46) (7) (5) (2) (14) (2) (50)
Diameter-bizygomatic maximum 13.2 5 13.15 13.26 13.1 13.29 13.21 13.4 13.32 13.16 13.08 13.06 12.96 13.82 12.65 13.27 13.20 13.03
(3) (3) (1) (1) (1) (2) (15) (3) (5) (2) (5)
Facial Index, total 90.9 90.9 89.6 91.6 88.5 88.3 86.8 84.8 86.6 84.9 85.7
(3) (1) (7) (1) (1) (8) (1) (77) (21) (18) (39) (6) (5) (2) (11) (2) (45)
Facial Index, upper 55.8 55.7 55.1 51.1 55.6 54.7 53 53.1 54.7 53.8 55.3 57.8 51.7 54.9 53.9 51.5 54.1
Basio-facial: (3) (1) (6) (1) (15) (8) (1) (76) (22) (15) (37) (6) (4) (2) (12) (2) (45)
Basion-alveolar point 10.27 10.3 10.25 9.8 10.24 10.38 9.2 9.72 9.85 10.13 9.77 10.03 10.02 9.4 10.13 9.35 10.09
(4) (2) (7) (2) (16) (8) (1) (83) (27) (21) (46) (10) (4) (2) (13) (2) (50)
Basion-subnasal point 9 8.85 9.16 8.8 9.04 9.25 7.9 8.72 8.86 9.12 8.73 8.85 9.02 8.35 9.05 8.35 8.94
(4) (2) (8) (3) (16) (9) (1) (89) (34) (24) (52) (10) (5) (2) (17) (2) (52)
Basion-nasion 10.10 10.05 10.29 9.93 10.01 10.16 9.5 9.89 10.01 10.18 9.94 10.07 10.34 9.75 10.11 9.65 10.13
(1) (6) (1) (15) (8) (75) (37) (6) (2) (45)
Facial angle 67 69 66 67 68 70 69 68 71.5 70
(1) (6) (1) (15) (8) (75) (37) (6) (2) (45)
Alveolar angle 54 53 41.5 55 55.5 56.5 55 54 54.5 54
Orbits: (4) (2) (7) (2) (16) (10) (1) (83) (25) (18) (42) (10) (5) (2) (13) (2) (47)
Mean height 3.57 3.52 3.58 3.55 3.52 3.43 3.30 3.54 3.61 3.47 3.55 3.50 3.64 (3.60) 3.53 3.51 3.55
(4) (2) (7) (2) (16) (10) (1) (83) (25) (18) (42) (10) (5) (2) (13) (2) (47)
Mean breadth 3.86 3.92 3.98 3.95 3.94 3.90 3.82 3.90 3.88 4.01 3.90 3.83 4.05 (3.80) 3.88 3.96 3.85
(4) (2) (7) (2) (16) (10) (1) (83) (25) (18) (42) (10) (4) (2) (13) (2) (47)
Mean index 92.5 89.8 90 89.4 89.3 88.1 86.3 90.8 93 91 90.7 91.4 86.6 (94.7) 91.3 88.6 92.4
Nose: (4) (2) (7) (1) (16) (10) (86) (27) (21) (46) (9) (5) (2) (13) (2) (50)
Height 5.20 5.02 5.10 4.9 5.08 4.93 4.9 5.04 5.19 5.02 5.11 4.83 5.06 4.90 4.98 5.30 4.99
(4) (2) (7) (1) (16) (10) (1) (86) (27) (21) (46) (9) (5) (2) (13) (2) (50)
Breadth 2.32 2.50 2.26 2.3 2.32 2.33 2.6 2.28 2.32 2.23 2.29 2.14 2.21 2.15 2.20 2.32 2.20
(4) (2) (7) (1) (16) (10) (1) (86) (27) (21) (46) (9) (5) (2) (13) (2) (50)
Index 44.6 49.8 44.3 46.9 45.7 47.3 53.1 45.3 44.7 44.4 44.9 44.4 43.7 43.9 44.3 43.9 44
Upper alveolar arch: (3) (1) (6) (1) (15) (6) (73) (23) (16) (33) (6) (4) (2) (12) (2) (45)
Length 5.77 5.5 5.61 5.3 5.61 5.67 5.5 5.21 5.22 5.34 5.25 5.38 5.50 4.85 5.44 5.20 5.35
(3) (1) (6) (1) (15) (6) (1) (73) (23) (16) (33) (6) (4) (2) (12) (2) (45)
Breadth 6.73 6.4 6.46 6.6 6.57 6.67 6.4 6.19 6.13 6.29 6.01 6.22 6.60 5.85 6.22 6.20 6.16
(3) (1) (6) (11) (15) (6) (1) (73) (23) (16) (33) (6) (4) (2) (12) (2) (45)
Index 85.7 85.9 86.8 80.3 85.3 85 85.9 84.3 85.1 84.9 87.4 86.5 83.3 82.9 87.6 83.9 86.8
(3) (1) (4) (14) (1) (1) (3) (3) (17) (1) (2) (2) (5) (2) (13)
Lower jaw: Height at symphysis 3.73 3.7 3.60 3.56 3.8 3.9 3.38 3.27 3.38 3.7 3.20 3.15 3.46 3.42 3.40

FOOTNOTES:

[156] Compare writer's Variation in the dimensions of lower molars in man and anthropoid apes, Am. J. Phys. Anthrop., VI, 423-438, Washington, 1923.

[157] Rivet, P., Recherches sur le prognathisme. L'Anthropologie, XX, pp. 35, 175; Paris, 1909. XXI, pp. 505, 637, 1910.

[158] Cat. Crania, U. S. Nat. Mus., etc., No. 3. Washington, 1928, 88, 105, 139.

[159] Lower angles mean higher, higher angles lower facial or alveolar protrusion.