Fig. 1. Palæopteris Hibernica, Schimper (Cyclopteris Hibernica, Forbes). One-sixth the natural size.

Fig. 2. A pinnule somewhat magnified, showing the venation.

Fig. 3. A fertile pinna, natural size.

Fig. 4. Two cup-shaped indusia borne on the rachis.

Fig. 5. Sporangia enclosing spores. From the Coal-measures.

Fig. 6. Sporangia of Hymenophyllum Tunbridgense, Sm. (Fern of present epoch.)

Fig. 7. Sporangium of Polypodium vulgare, Linn. (Fern of present epoch.) Figs. 5, 6, and 7, magnified to the same extent.

Fig. 8. Transverse section of Osmundites Dowkeri, Carruthers.

Fig. 9. Two cells of Osmundites, filled, the one with starch granules, and the other with mycelium of a fungus.

Fig. 1. Cycadeostrobus ovatus, Carr. From the Wealden, Isle of Wight.

Fig. 2. Beania gracilis, Carr. From the Yorkshire Oolite.

Fig. 3. Bennettites Saxbyanus, Carr. From the Lower Greensand of the Isle of Wight.

Fig. 4. Pinites Leckenbyi, Carr. From the Lower Greensand of the Isle of Wight.

Fig. 5. Trigonocarpon olivæforme, Lindl. and Hutt. From the Coal-measures, Manchester.

Fig. 6. Trigonocarpon sulcatum, Carr. Coal-measures, Wardie, Edinburgh.

Fig. 7. Sequoiites Gardneri, Carr. From the Gault at Folkestone.

Figs. 8, 9. Cupressinites Thujoides, Bowerbank. From the Eocene at Sheppey.

Fig. 10. Scale of Araucarites Brodiei, Carr. From the Great Oolite at Stonesfield.

Fig. 11. Scale of Araucarites Phillipsii, Carr. From the Oolite of Yorkshire.

All the figures on this Plate (except Fig. 2, which is one-half
of the natural size) are drawn the size of nature.

Fig. 1. Mass of coal from Fordel, Fifeshire, containing numerous sporangia of Flemingites. These sporangia occur in coal from different localities in England and Scotland. Binney has seen them in Wigan coal. Huxley has found them abounding in coal near Bradford (Balfour, R.S.E. Trans.)

Fig. 2. One of the Sporangia entire, and separated from the coal (Balfour).

Fig. 3. Sporangium with its valves separated, containing a quantity of black carbonaceous matter in its interior (Balfour). This matter is formed by the altered spores (microspores).

Fig. 4. Sporangium, showing the triradiate marking on the under surface, and a granulation produced probably by the spores in the interior.

Fig. 5. Punctated woody tissue (Coniferous). From the needle coal of Toplitz, Bohemia (Harkness).

Fig. 6. Scalariform vessels from coal (Balfour).

Fig. 7. Stigmaria, with markings of rootlets. One showing the papilla to which the rootlet was articulated (Hooker).

Fig. 8. Transverse section of Stigmaria, showing the vascular cylinder divided into wedges (Hooker).

Fig. 9. Tissues of Stigmaria, showing the inner portion of the vascular cylinder (Hooker).

Fig. 10. Transverse section of a Lepidostrobus, the fructification of Lepidodendron, showing scales and sporangia (Hooker).

Fig. 11. Ulodendron Taylori (Carruthers).

Fig. 1. Sigillaria Brownii, restored (Dawson).

Fig. 2. Sigillaria elegans, restored (Dawson).

Fig. 3. Lepidodendron, restored (Carruthers, Bot. Soc. Trans.)

Fig. 4. Calamites, restored (Carruthers, Bot. Soc. Trans.)

Fig. 5. Psilophyton, a fossil of the Devonian epoch (Dawson).