"Well, but, Bombay, this is robbery. Shall we submit to be robbed? Shall
we give this fellow everything he asks? He might as well ask me for all
the cloth, and all my guns, without letting him see that we can fight. I
can kill Mionvu and his principal men myself, and you can slay all those
howlers out there without much trouble. If Mionvu and his principal were
dead we should not be troubled much, and we could strike south to the
Mala-garazi, and go west to Ujiji."
"No, no, dear master, don't think of it for a moment. If we went
neat the Malagarazi we should come across Lokanda-Mira."
"Well, then, we will go north."
"Up that way Uhha extends far; and beyond Uhha are the Watuta."
"Well, then, say what we shall do. We must do something; but we
must not be robbed."
"Pay Mionvu what he asks, and let us go away from here. This is
the last place we shall have to pay. And in four days we shall be
in Ujiji."
"Did Mionvu tell you that this is the last time we would have to
pay?"
"He did, indeed."
"What do you say, Asmani? Shall we fight or pay?" Asmani's
face wore the usual smile, but he replied,
"I am afraid we must pay. This is positively the last time."
"And you, Chowpereh?"
"Pay, bana; it is better to get along quietly in this country.
If we were strong enough they would pay us. Ah, if we had only
two hundred guns, how these Wahha would run!"
"What do you say, Mabruki?"
"Ah, master, dear master; it is very hard, and these people are
great robbers. I would like to chop their heads off, all; so I
would. But you had better pay. This is the last time; and what
are one hundred cloths to you?"
"Well, then, Bombay and Asmani, go to Mionvu, and offer him twenty.
If he will not take twenty, give him thirty. If he refuses thirty,
give him forty; then go up to eighty, slowly. Make plenty of talk;
not one doti more. I swear to you I will shoot Mionvu if he demands
more than eighty. Go, and remember to be wise."
I will cut the matter short. At 9 P.M. sixty-four doti were
handed over to Mionvu, for the King of Uhha; six doti for
himself, and five doti for his sub; altogether seventy-five doti—
a bale and a quarter! No sooner had we paid than they began to
fight amongst themselves over the booty, and I was in hopes that
the factions would proceed to battle, that I might have good excuse
for leaving them, and plunging south to the jungle that I believed
existed there, by which means, under its friendly cover, we might
strike west. But no, it was only a verbose war, which portended
nothing more than a noisy clamor.
November 6th.—At dawn we were on the road, very silent and sad.
Our stock of cloth was much diminished; we had nine bales left,
sufficient to have taken us to the Atlantic Ocean—aided by the
beads, which were yet untouched—if we practised economy. If I
met many more like Mionvu I had not enough to take me to Ujiji,
and, though we were said to be so near, Livingstone seemed to me
to be just as far as ever.
We crossed the Pombwe, and then struck across a slowly-undulating
plain rising gradually to mountains on our right, and on our left
sinking towards the valley of the Malagarazi, which river was
about twenty miles away. Villages rose to our view everywhere.
Food was cheap, milk was plentiful, and the butter good.
After a four hours' march, we crossed the Kanengi River, and
entered the boma of Kahirigi, inhabited by several Watusi and Wahha.
Here, we were told, lived the King of Uhha's brother. This
announcement was anything but welcome, and I began to suspect I had
fallen into another hornets' nest. We had not rested two hours
before two Wangwana entered my tent, who were slaves of Thani bin
Abdullah, our dandified friend of Unyanyembe. These men came, on
the part of the king's brother, to claim the HONGA! The king's
brother, demanded thirty doti! Half a bale! Merciful Providence!
What shall I do?
We had been told by Mionvu that the honga of Uhha was settled—and
now here is another demand from the King's brother! It is the
second time the lie has been told, and we have twice been deceived.
We shall be deceived no more.
These two men informed us there were five more chiefs, living but
two hours from each other, who would exact tribute, or black-mail,
like those we had seen. Knowing this much, I felt a certain calm.
It was far better to know the worst at once. Five more chiefs with
their demands would assuredly ruin us. In view of which, what is
to be done? How am I to reach Livingstone, without being beggared?
Dismissing the men, I called Bombay, and told him to assist Asmani
in settling the honga—"as cheaply as possible." I then lit my
pipe, put on the cap of consideration, and began to think. Within
half an hour, I had made a plan, which was to be attempted to be
put in execution that very night.
I summoned the two slaves of Thani bin Abdullah, after the honga
had been settled to everybody's satisfaction—though the profoundest
casuistries and diplomatic arguments failed to reduce it lower than
twenty-six doti—and began asking them about the possibility of
evading the tribute-taking Wahha ahead.
This rather astonished them at first, and they declared it to be
impossible; but, finally, after being pressed, they replied, that
one of their number should guide us at midnight, or a little after,
into the jungle which grew on the frontiers of Uhha and Uvinza. By
keeping a direct west course through this jungle until we came to
Ukaranga we might be enabled—we were told—to travel through Uhha
without further trouble. If I were willing to pay the guide
twelve doti, and if I were able to impose silence on my people
while passing through the sleeping village, the guide was positive
I could reach Ujiji without paying another doti. It is needless to
add, that I accepted the proffered assistance at such a price with
joy.
But there was much to be done. Provisions were to be purchased,
sufficient to last four days, for the tramp through the jungle,
and men were at once sent with cloth to purchase grain at any price.
Fortune favoured us, for before 8 P.M. we had enough for six days.
November 7th.—I did not go to sleep at all last night, but a
little after midnight, as the moon was beginning to show itself,
by gangs of four, the men stole quietly out of the village; and
by 3 A.M. the entire Expedition was outside the boma, and not the
slightest alarm had been made. After a signal to the new guide,
the Expedition began to move in a southern direction along the
right bank of the Kanengi River. After an hour's march in this
direction, we struck west, across the grassy plain, and maintained
it, despite the obstacles we encountered, which were sore enough to
naked men. The bright moon lighted our path: dark clouds now and
then cast immense long shadows over the deserted and silent plains,
and the moonbeans were almost obscured, and at such times our
position seemed awful—
Till the moon.
Rising in clouded majesty, at length,
Apparent queen, unveiled her peerless light,
And o'er the dark her silver mantle threw.
Bravely toiled the men, without murmur, though their legs were
bleeding from the cruel grass. "Ambrosial morn" at last appeared,
with all its beautiful and lovely features. Heaven was born anew
to us, with comforting omens and cheery promise. The men, though
fatigued at the unusual travel, sped forward with quicker, pace as
daylight broke, until, at 8 A.M., we sighted the swift Rusugi River,
when a halt was ordered in a clump of jungle near it, for breakfast
and rest. Both banks of the river were alive with buffalo, eland,
and antelope, but, though the sight was very tempting, we did not
fire, because we dared not. The report of a gun would have alarmed
the whole country. I preferred my coffee, and the contentment which
my mind experienced at our success.
An hour after we had rested, some natives, carrying salt from the
Malagarazi, were seen coming up the right bank of the river. When
abreast of our hiding-place, they detected us, and dropping their
salt-bags, they took to their heels at once, shouting out as they
ran, to alarm some villages that appeared about four miles north of
us. The men were immediately ordered to take up their loads, and
in a few minutes we had crossed the Rusugi, and were making direct
for a bamboo jungle that appeared in our front. On, on, we kept
steadily until, at 1 P.M., we sighted the little lake of Musunya,
as wearied as possible with our nine hours march.
Lake Musunya is one of the many circular basins found in this part
of Uhha. There was quite a group of them. The more correct term
of these lakes would be immense pools. In the Masika season, Lake
Musunya must extend to three or four miles in length by two in breadth.
It swarms with hippopotami, and its shores abound with noble game.
We were very quiet, as may be imagined, in our bivouac; neither
tent nor hut was raised, nor was fire kindled, so that, in case of
pursuit, we could move off without delay. I kept my Winchester
rifle (the gift of my friend Mr. Morris, and a rare gift it was
for such a crisis) with its magazine full, and two hundred
cartridges in a bag slung over my shoulders. Each soldier's gun
was also ready and loaded, and we retired to sleep our fatigues
off with a feeling of perfect security.
November 8th.—Long before dawn appeared, we were on the march, and,
as daylight broke, we emerged from the bamboo jungle, and struck
across the naked plain of Uhha, once more passing several large
pools by the way—far-embracing prospects of undulating country,
with here and there a characteristic clump of trees relieving the
general nudity of the whole. Hour after hour we toiled on,
across the rolling land waves, the sun shining with all its wonted
African fervor, but with its heat slightly tempered by the
welcome breezes, which came laden with the fragrance of young
grass, and perfume of strange flowers of various hues, that flecked
the otherwise pale-green sheet which extended so far around us.
We arrived at the Rugufu River—not the Ukawendi Rugufu, but the
northern stream of that name, a tributary of the Malagarazi. It
was a broad shallow stream, and sluggish, with an almost imperceptible
flow south-west. While we halted in the deep shade afforded by a
dense clump of jungle, close to the right bank, resting awhile before
continuing our journey. I distinctly heard a sound as of distant
thunder in the west. Upon asking if it were thunder, I was told it
was Kabogo.
"Kabogo? what is that?"
"It is a great mountain on the other side of the Tanganika, full
of deep holes, into which the water rolls; and when there is wind
on the Tanganika, there is a sound like mvuha (thunder). Many
boats have been lost there, and it is a custom with Arabs and
natives to throw cloth—Merikani and Kaniki—and especially white
(Merikani) beads, to appease the mulungu (god) of the lake.
Those who throw beads generally get past without trouble,
but those who do not throw beads into the lake get lost, and are
drowned. Oh, it is a dreadful place!" This story was told me by
the ever-smiling guide Asmani, and was corroborated by other
former mariners of the lake whom I had with me.
At the least, this place where we halted for dinner, on the banks
of the Rugufu River, is eighteen and a half hours, or forty-six
miles, from Ujiji; and, as Kabogo is said to be near Uguhha, it
must be over sixty miles from Ujiji; therefore the sound of the
thundering surf, which is said to roll into the caves of Kabogo,
was heard by us at a distance of over one hundred miles away from
them.
Continuing our journey for three hours longer, through thin
forests, over extensive beds of primitive rock, among fields of
large boulders thickly strewn about, passing by numerous herds
of buffalo, giraffe, and zebra, over a quaking quagmire which
resembled peat, we arrived at the small stream of Sunuzzi, to a
camping place only a mile removed from a large settlement of Wahha.
But we were buried in the depths of a great forest—no road was in
the vicinity, no noise was made, deep silence was preserved; nor
were fires lit. We might therefore rest tranquilly secure, certain
that we should not be disturbed. To-morrow morning the kirangozi
has promised we shall be out of Uhha, and if we travel on to
Niamtaga, in Ukaranga, the same day, the next day would see us
in Ujiji.
Patience, my soul! A few hours more, then the end of all this
will be known! I shall be face to face with that "white man with
the white hairs on his face, whoever he is!"
November 9th.—Two hours before dawn we left our camp on the Sunuzzi
River, and struck through the forest in a north-by-west direction,
having muzzled our goats previously, lest, by their bleating, they
might betray us. This was a mistake which might have ended
tragically, for just as the eastern sky began to assume a pale
greyish tint, we emerged from the jungle on the high road. The
guide thought we had passed Uhha, and set up a shout which was
echoed by every member of the caravan, and marched onward with
new vigor and increased energy, when plump we came to the outskirts
of a village, the inhabitants of which were beginning to stir.
Silence was called for at once, and the Expedition halted
immediately. I walked forward to the front to advise with the guide.
He did not know what to do. There was no time to consider, so I
ordered the goats to be slaughtered and left on the road, and the
guide to push on boldly through the village. The chickens also had
their throats cut; after which the Expedition resumed the march
quickly and silently, led by the guide, who had orders to plunge
into the jungle south of the road. I stayed until the last man
had disappeared; then, after preparing my Winchester, brought up
the rear, followed by my gunbearers with their stock of ammunition.
As we were about disappearing beyond the last hut, a man darted out
of his hut, and uttered an exclamation of alarm, and loud voices
were heard as if in dispute. But in a short time we were in the
depths of the jungle, hurrying away from the road in a southern
direction, and edging slightly westward. Once I thought we were
pursued, and I halted behind a tree to check our foes if they
persisted in following us; but a few minutes proved to me that we
were not pursued, After half-an-hour's march we again turned our
faces westward. It was broad daylight now, and our eyes were
delighted with most picturesque and sequestered little valleys,
where wild fruit-trees grew, and rare flowers blossomed, and
tiny brooks tumbled over polished pebbles—where all was bright
and beautiful—until, finally, wading through one pretty pure
streamlet, whose soft murmurs we took for a gentle welcome, we
passed the boundary of wicked Uhha, and had entered Ukaranga!—
an event that was hailed with extravagant shouts of joy.
Presently we found the smooth road, and we trod gaily with
elastic steps, with limbs quickened for the march which we all
knew to be drawing near its end. What cared we now for the
difficulties we had encountered—for the rough and cruel forests,
for the thorny thickets and hurtful grass, for the jangle of all
savagedom, of which we had been the joyless audience! To-morrow!
Ay, the great day draws nigh, and we may well laugh and sing while
in this triumphant mood. We have been sorely tried; we have been
angry with each other when vexed by troubles, but we forget all
these now, and there is no face but is radiant with the happiness
we have all deserved.
We made a short halt at noon, for rest and refreshment. I was
shown the hills from which the Tanganika could be seen, which
bounded the valley of the Liuche on the east. I could not contain
myself at the sight of them. Even with this short halt I was
restless and unsatisfied. We resumed the march again. I spurred
my men forward with the promise that to-morrow should see their reward.
We were in sight of the villages of the Wakaranga; the people
caught sight of us, and manifested considerable excitement. I sent
men ahead to reassure them, and they came forward to greet us. This
was so new and welcome to us, so different from the turbulent Wavinza
and the black-mailers of Uhha, that we were melted. But we had
no time to loiter by the way to indulge our joy. I was impelled onward
by my almost uncontrollable feelings. I wished to resolve my doubts
and fears. Was HE still there? Had HE heard of my coming? Would HE
fly?
How beautiful Ukaranga appears! The green hills are crowned by
clusters of straw-thatched cones. The hills rise and fall; here
denuded and cultivated, there in pasturage, here timbered, yonder
swarming with huts. The country has somewhat the aspect of Maryland.
We cross the Mkuti, a glorious little river! We ascend the opposite
bank, and stride through the forest like men who have done a deed
of which they may be proud. We have already travelled nine hours,
and the sun is sinking rapidly towards the west; yet, apparently,
we are not fatigued.
We reach the outskirts of Niamtaga, and we hear drums beat. The
people are flying into the woods; they desert their villages, for
they take us to be Ruga-Ruga—the forest thieves of Mirambo, who,
after conquering the Arabs of Unyanyembe, are coming to fight the
Arabs of Ujiji. Even the King flies from his village, and every
man, woman, and child, terror-stricken, follows him. We enter
into it and quietly take possession. Finally, the word is bruited
about that we are Wangwana, from Unyanyembe.
"Well, then, is Mirambo dead?" they ask.
"No," we answer.
"Well, how did you come to Ukaranga?"
"By way of Ukonongo, Ukawendi, and Uhha."
"Oh—hi-le!" Then they laugh heartily at their fright, and begin
to make excuses. The King is introduced to me, and he says he had
only gone to the woods in order to attack us again—he meant to have
come back and killed us all, if we had been Ruga-Ruga. But then we
know the poor King was terribly frightened, and would never have
dared to return, had we been RugaRuga—not he. We are not, however,
in a mood to quarrel with him about an idiomatic phrase peculiar
to him, but rather take him by the hand and shake it well, and say
we are so very glad to see him. And he shares in our pleasure,
and immediately three of the fattest sheep, pots of beer, flour,
and honey are brought to us as a gift, and I make him happier still
with two of the finest cloths I have in my bales; and thus a
friendly pact is entered into between us.
While I write my Diary of this day's proceedings, I tell my
servant to lay out my new flannel suit, to oil my boots, to
chalk my helmet, and fold a new puggaree around it, that I may
make as presentable an appearance as possible before the white
man with the grey beard, and before the Arabs of Ujiji; for the
clothes I have worn through jungle and forest are in tatters.
Good-night; only let one day come again, and we shall see what
we shall see.
November 10th. Friday.—The 236th day from Bagamoyo on the Sea,
and the 51st day from Unyanyembe. General direction to Ujiji,
west-by-south. Time of march, six hours.
It is a happy, glorious morning. The air is fresh and cool.
The sky lovingly smiles on the earth and her children. The deep
woods are crowned in bright vernal leafage; the water of the Mkuti,
rushing under the emerald shade afforded by the bearded banks,
seems to challenge us for the race to Ujiji, with its continuous
brawl.
We are all outside the village cane fence, every man of us looking
as spruce, as neat, and happy as when we embarked on the dhows at
Zanzibar, which seems to us to have been ages ago—we have witnessed
and experienced so much.
"Forward!"
"Ay Wallah, ay Wallah, bana yango!" and the lighthearted braves
stride away at a rate which must soon bring us within view of
Ujiji. We ascend a hill overgrown with bamboo, descend into a
ravine through which dashes an impetuous little torrent, ascend
another short hill, then, along a smooth footpath running across
the slope of a long ridge, we push on as only eager, lighthearted
men can do.
In two hours I am warned to prepare for a view of the Tanganika,
for, from the top of a steep mountain the kirangozi says I can see
it. I almost vent the feeling of my heart in cries. But wait, we
must behold it first. And we press forward and up the hill
breathlessly, lest the grand scene hasten away. We are at last on
the summit. Ah! not yet can it be seen. A little further on—just
yonder, oh! there it is—a silvery gleam. I merely catch sight of
it between the trees, and—but here it is at last! True—THE TANGANIKA!
and there are the blue-black mountains of Ugoma and Ukaramba. An
immense broad sheet, a burnished bed of silver—lucid canopy of
blue above—lofty mountains are its valances, palm forests form its
fringes! The Tanganika!—Hurrah! and the men respond to the
exultant cry of the Anglo-Saxon with the lungs of Stentors, and the
great forests and the hills seem to share in our triumph.
"Was this the place where Burton and Speke stood, Bombay, when they
saw the lake first?"
"I don't remember, master; it was somewhere about here, I think."
"Poor fellows! The one was half-paralyzed, the other half-blind,"
said Sir Roderick Murchison, when he described Burton and Spoke's
arrival in view of the Tanganika.
And I? Well, I am so happy that, were I quite paralyzed and
blinded, I think that at this supreme moment I could take up my
bed and walk, and all blindness would cease at once. Fortunately,
however, I am quite well; I have not suffered a day's sickness
since the day I left Unyanyembe. How much would Shaw be willing
to give to be in my place now? Who is happiest—he revelling in
the luxuries of Unyanyembe, or I, standing on the summit of this
mountain, looking down with glad eyes and proud heart on the
Tanganika?
We are descending the western slope of the mountain, with the
valley of the Liuche before us. Something like an hour before
noon we have gained the thick matete brake, which grows on both
banks of the river; we wade through the clear stream, arrive on
the other side, emerge out of the brake, and the gardens of the
Wajiji are around us—a perfect marvel of vegetable wealth.
Details escape my hasty and partial observation. I am almost
overpowered with my own emotions. I notice the graceful palms,
neat plots, green with vegetable plants, and small villages
surrounded with frail fences of the matete-cane.
We push on rapidly, lest the news of our coming might reach the
people of Ujiji before we come in sight, and are ready for them.
We halt at a little brook, then ascend the long slope of a naked
ridge, the very last of the myriads we have crossed. This alone
prevents us from seeing the lake in all its vastness. We arrive
at the summit, travel across and arrive at its western rim, and—
pause, reader—the port of Ujiji is below us, embowered in the
palms, only five hundred yards from us!
At this grand moment we do not think of the hundreds of miles we
have marched, or of the hundreds of hills that we have ascended
and descended, or of the many forests we have traversed, or of the
jungles and thickets that annoyed us, or of the fervid salt plains
that blistered our feet, or of the hot suns that scorched us, nor
of the dangers and difficulties, now happily surmounted!
At last the sublime hour has arrived;—our dreams, our hopes, and
anticipations are now about to be realised! Our hearts and our
feelings are with our eyes, as we peer into the palms and try to
make out in which hut or house lives the "white man with the grey
beard" we heard about when we were at the Malagarazi.
"Unfurl the flags, and load your guns!"
"We will, master, we will, master!" respond the men eagerly.
"One, two, three,—fire!"
A volley from nearly fifty guns roars like a salute from a
battery of artillery: we shall note its effect presently on
the peaceful-looking village below.
"Now, kirangozi, hold the white man's flag up high, and let the
Zanzibar flag bring up the rear. And you men keep close together,
and keep firing until we halt in the market-place, or before the
white man's house. You have said to me often that you could smell
the fish of the Tanganika—I can smell the fish of the Tanganika
now. There are fish, and beer, and a long rest waiting for you.
MARCH!"
Before we had gone a hundred yards our repeated volleys had the
effect desired. We had awakened Ujiji to the knowledge that a
caravan was coming, and the people were witnessed rushing up in
hundreds to meet us. The mere sight of the flags informed every
one immediately that we were a caravan, but the American flag
borne aloft by gigantic Asmani, whose face was one vast smile on
this day, rather staggered them at first. However, many of the
people who now approached us, remembered the flag. They had seen
it float above the American Consulate, and from the mast-head of
many a ship in the harbor of Zanzibar, and they were soon heard
welcoming the beautiful flag with cries of "Bindera Kisungu!"—a
white man's flag! "Bindera Merikani!"—the American flag!
Then we were surrounded by them: by Wajiji, Wanyamwezi, Wangwana,
Warundi, Waguhha, Wamanyuema, and Arabs, and were almost
deafened with the shouts of "Yambo, yambo, bana! Yambo, bana!
Yambo, bana!" To all and each of my men the welcome was given.
We were now about three hundred yards from the village of Ujiji,
and the crowds are dense about me. Suddenly I hear a voice on
my right say,
"Good morning, sir!"
Startled at hearing this greeting in the midst of such a crowd of
black people, I turn sharply around in search of the man, and see
him at my side, with the blackest of faces, but animated and
joyous—a man dressed in a long white shirt, with a turban of
American sheeting around his woolly head, and I ask:
"Who the mischief are you?"
"I am Susi, the servant of Dr. Livingstone," said be, smiling,
and showing a gleaming row of teeth.
"What! Is Dr. Livingstone here?"
"Yes, sir."
"In this village?"
"Yes, sir."
"Are you sure?"
"Sure, sure, sir. Why, I leave him just now."
"Good morning, sir," said another voice.
"Hallo," said I, "is this another one?"
"Yes, sir."
"Well, what is your name?"
"My name is Chumah, sir."
"What! are you Chumah, the friend of Wekotani?"
"Yes, sir."
"And is the-Doctor well?"
"Not very well, sir."
"Where has he been so long?"
"In Manyuema."
"Now, you Susi, run, and tell the Doctor I am coming."
"Yes, sir," and off he darted like a madman.
But by this time we were within two hundred yards of the village,
and the multitude was getting denser, and almost preventing our
march. Flags and streamers were out; Arabs and Wangwana were
pushing their way through the natives in order to greet us, for
according to their account, we belonged to them. But the great
wonder of all was, "How did you come from Unyanyembe?"
Soon Susi came running back, and asked me my name; he had told
the Doctor I was coming, but the Doctor was too surprised to believe
him, and when the Doctor asked him my name, Susi was rather staggered.
But, during Susi's absence, the news had been conveyed to the
Doctor that it was surely a white man that was coming, whose guns
were firing, and whose flag could be seen; and the great Arab
magnates of Ujiji—Mohammed bin Sali, Sayd bin Majid, Abid bin
Suliman, Mohammed bin Gharib, and others—had gathered together
before the Doctor's house, and the Doctor had come out from his
veranda to discuss the matter and await my arrival.
In the meantime, the head of the Expedition had halted, and the
kirangozi was out of the ranks, holding his flag aloft, and Selim
said to me, "I see the Doctor, sir. Oh, what an old man! He has
got a white beard." And I—what would I not have given for a bit
of friendly wilderness, where, unseen, I might vent my joy in some
mad freak, such as idiotically biting my hand; turning a somersault,
or slashing at trees, in order to allay those exciting feelings
that were well-nigh uncontrollable. My heart beats fast, but I must
not let my face betray my emotions, lest it shall detract from the
dignity of a white man appearing under such extraordinary circumstances.
So I did that which I thought was most dignified. I pushed back
the crowds, and, passing from the rear, walked down a living avenue
of people, until I came in front of the semicircle of Arabs, before
which stood the "white man with the grey beard."
As I advanced slowly towards him I noticed he was pale, that he
looked wearied and wan, that he had grey whiskers and moustache,
that he wore a bluish cloth cap with a faded gold band on a red
ground round it, and that he had on a red-sleeved waistcoat, and a
pair of grey tweed trousers.
I would have run to him, only I was a coward in the presence of
such a mob—would have embraced him, but that I did not know how
he would receive me; so I did what moral cowardice and false pride
suggested was the best thing—walked deliberately to him, took off
my hat, and said:
"DR. LIVINGSTONE, I PRESUME?"
"Yes," said he, with a kind, cordial smile, lifting his cap slightly.
I replaced my hat on my head, and he replaced his cap, and we
both grasped hands. I then said aloud:
"I thank God, Doctor, I have been permitted to see you."
He answered, "I feel thankful that I am here to welcome you."
I turned to the Arabs, took off my hat to them in response to the
saluting chorus of "Yambos" I received, and the Doctor introduced
them to me by name. Then, oblivious of the crowds, oblivious of
the men who shared with me my dangers, we—Livingstone and I—
turned our faces towards his house. He pointed to the veranda,
or rather, mud platform, under the broad overhanging eaves; he
pointed to his own particular seat, which I saw his age and
experience in Africa had suggested, namely, a straw mat, with a
goatskin over it, and another skin nailed against the wall to
protect his back from contact with the cold mud. I protested
against taking this seat, which so much more befitted him than I,
but the Doctor would not yield: I must take it.
We were seated—the Doctor and I—with our backs to the wall.
The Arabs took seats on our left. More than a thousand natives
were in our front, filling the whole square densely, indulging
their curiosity, and discussing the fact of two white men meeting
at Ujiji—one just come from Manyuema, in the west, the other from
Unyanyembe, in the east.
Conversation began. What about? I declare I have forgotten.
Oh! we mutually asked questions of one another, such as
"How did you come here?" and "Where have you been all this long
time?—the world has believed you to be dead." Yes, that was the
way it began: but whatever the Doctor informed me, and that which
I communicated to him, I cannot correctly report, for I found myself
gazing at him, conning the wonderful figure and face of the man at
whose side I now sat in Central Africa. Every hair of his head
and beard, every wrinkle of his face, the wanness of his features,
and the slightly wearied look he wore, were all imparting
intelligence to me—the knowledge I craved for so much ever since
I heard the words, "Take what you want, but find Livingstone."
What I saw was deeply interesting intelligence to me, and unvarnished
truth. I was listening and reading at the same time. What did these
dumb witnesses relate to me?
Oh, reader, had you been at my side on this day in Ujiji, how
eloquently could be told the nature of this man's work! Had you
been there but to see and hear! His lips gave me the details; lips
that never lie. I cannot repeat what he said; I was too much
engrossed to take my note-book out, and begin to stenograph his story.
He had so much to say that he began at the end, seemingly oblivious
of the fact that five or six years had to be accounted for. But his
account was oozing out; it was growing fast into grand proportions—
into a most marvellous history of deeds.
The Arabs rose up, with a delicacy I approved, as if they intuitively
knew that we ought to be left to ourselves. I sent Bombay with them
to give them the news they also wanted so much to know about the
affairs at Unyanyembe. Sayd bin Majid was the father of the gallant
young man whom I saw at Masangi, and who fought with me at Zimbizo,
and who soon afterwards was killed by Mirambo's Ruga-Ruga in the
forest of Wilyankuru; and, knowing that I had been there, he
earnestly desired to hear the tale of the fight; but they had all
friends at Unyanyembe, and it was but natural that they should be
anxious to hear of what concerned them.
After giving orders to Bombay and Asmani for the provisioning of
the men of the Expedition, I called "Kaif-Halek," or "How-do-ye-do,"
and introduced him to Dr. Livingstone as one of the soldiers in
charge of certain goods left at Unyanyembe, whom I had compelled
to accompany me to Ujiji, that he might deliver in person to his
master the letter-bag with which he had been entrusted. This was
that famous letter-bag marked "Nov. 1st, 1870," which was now
delivered into the Doctor's hands 365 days after it left Zanzibar!
How long, I wonder, had it remained at Unyanyembe had I not been
despatched into Central Africa in search of the great traveller?
The Doctor kept the letter-bag on his knee, then, presently, opened
it, looked at the letters contained there, and read one or two of
his children's letters, his face in the meanwhile lighting up.
He asked me to tell him the news. "No, Doctor," said I, "read your
letters first, which I am sure you must be impatient to read."
"Ah," said he, "I have waited years for letters, and I have been
taught patience. I can surely afford to wait a few hours longer.
No, tell me the general news: how is the world getting along?
"You probably know much already. Do you know that the Suez Canal
is a fact—is opened, and a regular trade carried on between Europe
and India through it?"
"I did not hear about the opening of it. Well, that is grand news!
What else?"
Shortly I found myself enacting the part of an annual periodical
to him. There was no need of exaggeration of any penny-a-line
news, or of any sensationalism. The world had witnessed and
experienced much the last few years. The Pacific Railroad had been
completed (1869); Grant had been elected President of the United States;
Egypt had been flooded with savans: the Cretan rebellion had
terminated (1866-1868); a Spanish revolution had driven Isabella
from the throne of Spain, and a Regent had been appointed: General
Prim was assassinated; a Castelar had electrified Europe with his
advanced ideas upon the liberty of worship; Prussia had humbled Denmark,
and annexed Schleswig-Holstein <1864>, and her armies were now around
Paris; the "Man of Destiny" was a prisoner at Wilhelmshohe;
the Queen of Fashion and the Empress of the French was a fugitive;
and the child born in the purple had lost for ever the Imperial
crown intended for his head; the Napoleon dynasty was extinguished
by the Prussians, Bismarck and Von Moltke; and France, the proud
empire, was humbled to the dust.
What could a man have exaggerated of these facts? What a budget
of news it was to one who had emerged from the depths of the
primeval forests of Manyuema! The reflection of the dazzling
light of civilisation was cast on him while Livingstone was thus
listening in wonder to one of the most exciting pages of history
ever repeated. How the puny deeds of barbarism paled before
these! Who could tell under what new phases of uneasy life Europe
was labouring even then, while we, two of her lonely children,
rehearsed the tale of her late woes and glories? More worthily,
perhaps, had the tongue of a lyric Demodocus recounted them; but,
in the absence of the poet, the newspaper correspondent performed
his part as well and truthfully as he could.
Not long after the Arabs had departed, a dishful of hot hashed-meat
cakes was sent to us by Sayd bin Majid, and a curried chicken was
received from Mohammed bin Sali, and Moeni Kheri sent a dishful of
stewed goat-meat and rice; and thus presents of food came in
succession, and as fast as they were brought we set to. I had a
healthy, stubborn digestion—the exercise I had taken had put it in
prime order; but Livingstone—he had been complaining that he had
no appetite, that his stomach refused everything but a cup of tea
now and then—he ate also—ate like a vigorous, hungry man; and,
as he vied with me in demolishing the pancakes, he kept repeating,
"You have brought me new life. You have brought me new life."
"Oh, by George!" I said, "I have forgotten something. Hasten,
Selim, and bring that bottle; you know which and bring me the silver
goblets. I brought this bottle on purpose for this event, which
I hoped would come to pass, though often it seemed useless to expect
it."
Selim knew where the bottle was, and he soon returned with it—a
bottle of Sillery champagne; and, handing the Doctor a silver
goblet brimful of the exhilarating wine, and pouring a small
quantity into my own, I said,
"Dr. Livingstone, to your very good health, sir."
"And to yours!" he responded, smilingly.
And the champagne I had treasured for this happy meeting was drunk
with hearty good wishes to each other.
But we kept on talking and talking, and prepared food was being
brought to us all that afternoon; and we kept on eating each time
it was brought, until I had eaten even to repletion, and the Doctor
was obliged to confess that he had eaten enough. Still, Halimah,
the female cook of the Doctor's establishment, was in a state of
the greatest excitement. She had been protruding her head out of
the cookhouse to make sure that there were really two white men
sitting down in the veranda, when there used to be only one, who
would not, because he could not, eat anything; and she had been
considerably exercised in her mind about this fact. She was
afraid the Doctor did not properly appreciate her culinary
abilities; but now she was amazed at the extraordinary quantity
of food eaten, and she was in a state of delightful excitement.
We could hear her tongue rolling off a tremendous volume of
clatter to the wondering crowds who halted before the kitchen
to hear the current of news with which she edified them. Poor,
faithful soul! While we listened to the noise of her furious
gossip, the Doctor related her faithful services, and the
terrible anxiety she evinced when the guns first announced
the arrival of another white man in Ujiji; how she had been
flying about in a state cf the utmost excitement, from the kitchen
into his presence, and out again into the square, asking all sorts
of questions; how she was in despair at the scantiness of the
general larder and treasury of the strange household; how she
was anxious to make up for their poverty by a grand appearance—
to make up a sort of Barmecide feast to welcome the white man.
"Why," said she, "is he not one of us? Does he not bring plenty
of cloth and beads? Talk about the Arabs! Who are they that
they should be compared to white men? Arabs, indeed!"
The Doctor and I conversed upon many things, especially upon his
own immediate troubles, and his disappointments, upon his arrival
in Ujiji, when told that all his goods had been sold, and he was
reduced to poverty. He had but twenty cloths or so left of the
stock he had deposited with the man called Sherif, the half-caste
drunken tailor, who was sent by the Consul in charge of the goods.
Besides which he had been suffering from an attack of dysentery,
and his condition was most deplorable. He was but little improved
on this day, though he had eaten well, and already began to feel
stronger and better.
This day, like all others, though big with happiness to me, at last
was fading away. While sitting with our faces looking to the east,
as Livingstone had been sitting for days preceding my arrival, we
noted the dark shadows which crept up above the grove of palms
beyond the village, and above the rampart of mountains which we had
crossed that day, now looming through the fast approaching
darkness; and we listened, with our hearts full of gratitude to
the Great Giver of Good and Dispenser of all Happiness, to the
sonorous thunder of the surf of the Tanganika, and to the chorus
which the night insects sang. Hours passed, and we were still
sitting there with our minds busy upon the day's remarkable events,
when I remembered that the traveller had not yet read his letters.
"Doctor," I said, "you had better read your letters. I will not
keep you up any longer."
"Yes," he answered, "it is getting late; and I will go and read
my friends' letters. Good-night, and God bless you."
"Good-night, my dear Doctor; and let me hope that your news will
be such as you desire."
I have now related, by means of my Diary, "How I found Livingstone,"
as recorded on the evening of that great day. I have been averse
to reduce it by process of excision and suppression, into a mere
cold narrative, because, by so doing, I would be unable to record
what feelings swayed each member of the Expedition as well as myself
during the days preceding the discovery of the lost traveller, and
more especially the day it was the good fortune of both Livingstone
and myself to clasp each other's hands in the strong friendship
which was born in that hour we thus strangely met. The aged
traveller, though cruelly belied, contrary to all previous expectation,
received me as a friend; and the cordial warmth with which he accepted
my greeting; the courtesy with which he tendered to me a shelter
in his own house; the simple candour of his conversation; graced
by unusual modesty of manner, and meekness of spirit, wrought in me
such a violent reaction in his favor, that when the parting
"good-night" was uttered, I felt a momentary vague fear lest the
fulness of joy which I experienced that evening would be diminished
by some envious fate, before the morrow's sun should rise above Ujiji.
CHAPTER XII. — INTERCOURSE WITH LIVINGSTONE AT UJIJI
LIVINGSTONE'S OWN STORY OF HIS JOURNEYS, HIS TROUBLES, AND
DISAPPOINTMENTS.
"If there is love between us, inconceivably delicious, and
profitable will our intercourse be; if not, your time is lost,
and you will only annoy me. I shall seem to you stupid, and the
reputation I have false. All my good is magnetic, and I educate
not by lessons, but by going about my business."—Emerson's
'Representative Men'.
I woke up early next morning with a sudden start. The room was
strange! It was a house, and not my tent! Ah, yes! I recollected
I had discovered Livingstone, and I was in his house. I listened,
that the knowledge dawning on me might be confirmed by the sound
of his voice. I heard nothing but the sullen roar of the surf.
I lay quietly in bed. Bed! Yes, it was a primitive four-poster,
with the leaves of the palm-tree spread upon it instead of down,
and horsehair and my bearskin spread over this serving me in place
of linen. I began to put myself under rigid mental cross-examination,
and to an analyzation of my position.
"What was I sent for?"
"To find Livingstone."
"Have you found him?"
"Yes, of course; am I not in his house? Whose compass is that hanging on a
peg there? Whose clothes, whose boots, are those? Who reads those
newspapers, those 'Saturday Reviews' and numbers of 'Punch' lying on the
floor?"
"Well, what are you going to do now?"
"I shall tell him this morning who sent me, and what brought me here. I
will then ask him to write a letter to Mr. Bennett, and to give what news
he can spare. I did not come here to rob him of his news. Sufficient for
me is it that I have found him. It is a complete success so far. But it
will be a greater one if he gives me letters for Mr. Bennett, and an
acknowledgment that he has seen me."
"Do you think he will do so?"
"Why not? I have come here to do him a service. He has no goods. I have.
He has no men with him. I have. If I do a friendly part by him, will he
not do a friendly part by me? What says the poet?—
Nor hope to find
A friend, but who has found a friend in thee.
All like the purchase; few the price will pay
And this makes friends such wonders here below.
I have paid the purchase, by coming so far to do him a service. But I
think, from what I have seen of him last night, that he is not such a
niggard and misanthrope as I was led to believe. He exhibited considerable
emotion, despite the monosyllabic greeting, when he shook my hand. If he
were a man to feel annoyance at any person coming after him, he would not
have received me as he did, nor would he ask me to live with him, but he
would have surlily refused to see me, and told me to mind my own business.
Neither does he mind my nationality; for 'here,' said he, 'Americans and
Englishmen are the same people. We speak the same language and have the
same ideas.' Just so, Doctor; I agree with you. Here at least, Americans
and Englishmen shall be brothers, and, whatever I can do for you, you may
command me freely."
I dressed myself quietly, intending to take a stroll along the Tanganika
before the Doctor should rise; opened the door, which creaked horribly on
its hinges, and walked out to the veranda.
"Halloa, Doctor!—you up already? I hope you have slept well?"
"Good-morning, Mr. Stanley! I am glad to see you. I hope you rested well.
I sat up late reading my letters. You have brought me good and bad news.
But sit down." He made a place for me by his side. "Yes, many of my
friends are dead. My eldest son has met with a sad accident—that is,
my boy Tom; my second son, Oswell, is at college studying medicine, and is
doing well I am told. Agnes, my eldest daughter, has been enjoying herself
in a yacht, with 'Sir Paraffine' Young and his family. Sir Roderick, also,
is well, and expresses a hope that he will soon see me. You have brought
me quite a budget."
The man was not an apparition, then, and yesterday's scenes were not the
result of a dream! and I gazed on him intently, for thus I was assured he
had not run away, which was the great fear that constantly haunted me as I
was journeying to Ujiji.
"Now, Doctor," said I, "you are, probably, wondering why I came here?"
"It is true," said he; "I have been wondering. I thought you, at first, an
emissary of the French Government, in the place of Lieutenant Le Saint,
who died a few miles above Gondokoro. I heard you had boats, plenty of
men, and stores, and I really believed you were some French officer, until
I saw the American flag; and, to tell you the truth, I was rather glad it
was so, because I could not have talked to him in French; and if he did
not know English, we had been a pretty pair of white men in Ujiji! I did
not like to ask you yesterday, because I thought it was none of my
business."
"Well," said I, laughing, "for your sake I am glad that I am an American,
and not a Frenchman, and that we can understand each other perfectly
without an interpreter. I see that the Arabs are wondering that you, an
Englishman, and I, an American, understand each other. We must take care
not to tell them that the English and Americans have fought, and that
there are 'Alabama' claims left unsettled, and that we have such people as
Fenians in America, who hate you. But, seriously, Doctor—now don't
be frightened when I tell you that I have come after—YOU!"
"After me?"
"Yes."
"How?"
"Well. You have heard of the 'New York Herald?'"
"Oh—who has not heard of that newspaper?"
"Without his father's knowledge or consent, Mr. James Gordon Bennett, son
of Mr. James Gordon Bennett, the proprietor of the 'Herald,' has
commissioned me to find you—to get whatever news of your discoveries
you like to give—and to assist you, if I can, with means."
"Young Mr. Bennett told you to come after me, to find me out, and help me!
It is no wonder, then, you praised Mr. Bennett so much last night."
"I know him—I am proud to say—to be just what I say he is. He
is an ardent, generous, and true man."
"Well, indeed! I am very much obliged to him; and it makes me feel proud
to think that you Americans think so much of me. You have just come in the
proper time; for I was beginning to think that I should have to beg from
the Arabs. Even they are in want of cloth, and there are but few beads in
Ujiji. That fellow Sherif has robbed me of all. I wish I could embody my
thanks to Mr. Bennett in suitable words; but if I fail to do so, do not, I
beg of you, believe me the less grateful."
"And now, Doctor, having disposed of this little affair, Ferajji shall
bring breakfast; if you have no objection."
"You have given me an appetite," he said.
"Halimah is my cook, but she never can tell the difference between tea and
coffee."
Ferajji, the cook, was ready as usual with excellent tea, and a dish of
smoking cakes; "dampers," as the Doctor called them. I never did care much
for this kind of a cake fried in a pan, but they were necessary to the
Doctor, who had nearly lost all his teeth from the hard fare of Lunda. He
had been compelled to subsist on green ears of Indian corn; there was no
meat in that district; and the effort to gnaw at the corn ears had
loosened all his teeth. I preferred the corn scones of Virginia, which, to
my mind, were the nearest approach to palatable bread obtainable in
Central Africa.
The Doctor said he had thought me a most luxurious and rich man, when he
saw my great bath-tub carried on the shoulders of one of my men; but he
thought me still more luxurious this morning, when my knives and forks,
and plates, and cups, saucers, silver spoons, and silver teapot were
brought forth shining and bright, spread on a rich Persian carpet, and
observed that I was well attended to by my yellow and ebon Mercuries.
This was the beginning of our life at Ujiji. I knew him not as a friend
before my arrival. He was only an object to me—a great item for a
daily newspaper, as much as other subjects in which the voracious
news-loving public delight in. I had gone over battlefields, witnessed
revolutions, civil wars, rebellions, emeutes and massacres; stood close to
the condemned murderer to record his last struggles and last sighs; but
never had I been called to record anything that moved me so much as this
man's woes and sufferings, his privations and disappointments, which now
were poured into my ear. Verily did I begin to perceive that "the Gods
above do with just eyes survey the affairs of men." I began to recognize
the hand of an overruling and kindly Providence.
The following are singular facts worthy for reflection. I was,
commissioned for the duty of discovering Livingstone sometime in October,
1869. Mr. Bennett was ready with the money, and I was ready for the
journey. But, observe, reader, that I did not proceed directly upon the
search mission. I had many tasks to fulfil before proceeding with it, and
many thousand miles to travel over. Supposing that I had gone direct to
Zanzibar from Paris, seven or eight months afterwards, perhaps, I should
have found myself at Ujiji, but Livingstone would not have been found
there then; he was on the Lualaba; and I should have had to follow him on
his devious tracks through the primeval forests of Manyuema, and up along
the crooked course of the Lualaba for hundreds of miles. The time taken by
me in travelling up the Nile, back to Jerusalem, then to Constantinople,
Southern Russia, the Caucasus, and Persia, was employed by Livingstone in
fruitful discoveries west of the Tanganika. Again, consider that I arrived
at Unyanyembe in the latter part of June, and that owing to a war I was
delayed three months at Unyanyembe, leading a fretful, peevish and
impatient life. But while I was thus fretting myself, and being delayed by
a series of accidents, Livingstone was being forced back to Ujiji in the
same month. It took him from June to October to march to Ujiji. Now, in
September, I broke loose from the thraldom which accident had imposed on
me, and hurried southward to Ukonongo, then westward to Kawendi, then
northward to Uvinza, then westward to Ujiji, only about three weeks after
the Doctor's arrival, to find him resting under the veranda of his house
with his face turned eastward, the direction from which I was coming. Had
I gone direct from Paris on the search I might have lost him; had I been
enabled to have gone direct to Ujiji from Unyanyembe I might have lost
him.
The days came and went peacefully and happily, under the palms of Ujiji.
My companion was improving in health and spirits. Life had been brought
back to him; his fading vitality was restored, his enthusiasm for his work
was growing up again into a height that was compelling him to desire to be
up and doing. But what could he do, with five men and fifteen or twenty
cloths?
"Have you seen the northern head of the Tangannka, Doctor?" I asked one
day.
"No; I did try to go there, but the Wajiji were doing their best to fleece
me, as they did both Burton and Speke, and I had not a great deal of
cloth. If I had gone to the head of the Tanganika, I could not have gone,
to Manyuema. The central line of drainage was the most important, and that
is the Lualaba. Before this line the question whether there is a
connection between the Tanganika and the Albert N'Yanza sinks into
insignificance. The great line of drainage is the river flowing from
latitude 11 degrees south, which I followed for over seven degrees
northward. The Chambezi, the name given to its most southern extremity,
drains a large tract of country south of the southernmost source of the
Tanganika; it must, therefore, be the most important. I have not the least
doubt, myself, but that this lake is the Upper Tanganika, and the Albert
N'Yanza of Baker is the Lower Tanganika, which are connected by a river
flowing from the upper to the lower. This is my belief, based upon reports
of the Arabs, and a test I made of the flow with water-plants. But I
really never gave it much thought."
"Well, if I were you, Doctor, before leaving Ujiji, I should explore it,
and resolve the doubts upon the subject; lest, after you leave here, you
should not return by this way. The Royal Geographical Society attach much
importance to this supposed connection, and declare you are the only man
who can settle it. If I can be of any service to you, you may command me.
Though I did not come to Africa as an explorer, I have a good deal of
curiosity upon the subject, and should be willing to accompany you. I have
with me about twenty men who understand rowing we have plenty of guns,
cloth, and beads; and if we can get a canoe from the Arabs we can manage
the thing easily."
"Oh, we can get a canoe from Sayd bin Majid. This man has been very kind
to me, and if ever there was an Arab gentleman, he is one."
"Then it is settled, is it, that we go?"
"I am ready, whenever you are."
"I am at your command. Don't you hear my men call you the 'Great Master,'
and me the 'Little Master?' It would never do for the 'Little Master' to
command."
By this time Livingstone was becoming known to me. I defy any one to be in
his society long without thoroughly fathoming him, for in him there is no
guile, and what is apparent on the surface is the thing that is in him. I
simply write down my own opinion of the man as I have seen him, not as he
represents himself; as I know him to be, not as I have heard of him. I
lived with him from the 10th November, 1871, to the 14th March, 1872;
witnessed his conduct in the camp, and on the march, and my feelings for
him are those of unqualified admiration. The camp is the best place to
discover a man's weaknesses, where, if he is flighty or wrong-headed, he
is sure to develop his hobbies and weak side. I think it possible,
however, that Livingstone, with an unsuitable companion, might feel
annoyance. I know I should do so very readily, if a man's character was of
that oblique nature that it was an impossibility to travel in his company.
I have seen men, in whose company I felt nothing but a thraldom, which it
was a duty to my own self-respect to cast off as soon as possible; a
feeling of utter incompatibility, with whose nature mine could never
assimilate. But Livingstone was a character that I venerated, that called
forth all my enthusiasm, that evoked nothing but sincerest admiration.
Dr. Livingstone is about sixty years old, though after he was restored to
health he appeared more like a man who had not passed his fiftieth year.
His hair has a brownish colour yet, but is here and there streaked with
grey lines over the temples; his whiskers and moustache are very grey. He
shaves his chin daily. His eyes, which are hazel, are remarkably bright;
he has a sight keen as a hawk's. His teeth alone indicate the weakness of
age; the hard fare of Lunda has made havoc in their lines. His form, which
soon assumed a stoutish appearance, is a little over the ordinary height
with the slightest possible bow in the shoulders. When walking he has a
firm but heavy tread, like that of an overworked or fatigued man. He is
accustomed to wear a naval cap with a semicircular peak, by which he has
been identified throughout Africa. His dress, when first I saw him,
exhibited traces of patching and repairing, but was scrupulously clean.
I was led to believe that Livingstone possessed a splenetic, misanthropic
temper; some have said that he is garrulous, that he is demented; that he
has utterly changed from the David Livingstone whom people knew as the
reverend missionary; that he takes no notes or observations but such as
those which no other person could read but himself; and it was reported,
before I proceeded to Central Africa, that he was married to an African
princess.
I respectfully beg to differ with all and each of the above statements. I
grant he is not an angel, but he approaches to that being as near as the
nature of a living man will allow. I never saw any spleen or misanthropy
in him—as for being garrulous, Dr. Livingstone is quite the reverse:
he is reserved, if anything; and to the man who says Dr. Livingstone is
changed, all I can say is, that he never could have known him, for it is
notorious that the Doctor has a fund of quiet humour, which he exhibits at
all times whenever he is among friends. I must also beg leave to correct
the gentleman who informed me that Livingstone takes no notes or
observations. The huge Letts's Diary which I carried home to his daughter
is full of notes, and there are no less than a score of sheets within it
filled with observations which he took during the last trip he made to
Manyuema alone; and in the middle of the book there is sheet after sheet,
column after column, carefully written, of figures alone. A large letter
which I received from him has been sent to Sir Thomas MacLear, and this
contains nothing but observations. During the four months I was with him,
I noticed him every evening making most careful notes; and a large tin box
that he has with him contains numbers of field note-books, the contents of
which I dare say will see the light some time. His maps also evince great
care and industry. As to the report of his African marriage, it is
unnecessary to say more than that it is untrue, and it is utterly beneath
a gentleman to hint at such a thing in connection with the name of David
Livingstone.
There is a good-natured abandon about Livingstone which was not lost on
me. Whenever he began to laugh, there was a contagion about it, that
compelled me to imitate him. It was such a laugh as Herr Teufelsdrockh's—a
laugh of the whole man from head to heel. If he told a story, he related
it in such a way as to convince one of its truthfulness; his face was so
lit up by the sly fun it contained, that I was sure the story was worth
relating, and worth listening to.
The wan features which had shocked me at first meeting, the heavy step
which told of age and hard travel, the grey beard and bowed shoulders,
belied the man. Underneath that well-worn exterior lay an endless fund of
high spirits and inexhaustible humour; that rugged frame of his enclosed a
young and most exuberant soul. Every day I heard innumerable jokes and
pleasant anecdotes; interesting hunting stories, in which his friends
Oswell, Webb, Vardon, and Gorden Cumming were almost always the chief
actors. I was not sure, at first, but this joviality, humour, and abundant
animal spirits were the result of a joyous hysteria; but as I found they
continued while I was with him, I am obliged to think them natural.
Another thing which specially attracted my attention was his wonderfully
retentive memory. If we remember the many years he has spent in Africa,
deprived of books, we may well think it an uncommon memory that can recite
whole poems from Byron, Burns, Tennyson, Longfellow, Whittier, and Lowell.
The reason of this may be found, perhaps, in the fact, that he has lived
all his life almost, we may say, within himself. Zimmerman, a great
student of human nature, says on this subject "The unencumbered mind
recalls all that it has read, all that pleased the eye, and delighted the
ear; and reflecting on every idea which either observation, or experience,
or discourse has produced, gains new information by every reflection. The
intellect contemplates all the former scenes of life; views by
anticipation those that are yet to come; and blends all ideas of past and
future in the actual enjoyment of the present moment." He has lived in a
world which revolved inwardly, out of which he seldom awoke except to
attend to the immediate practical necessities of himself and people; then
relapsed again into the same happy inner world, which he must have peopled
with his own friends, relations, acquaintances, familiar readings, ideas,
and associations; so that wherever he might be, or by whatsoever he was
surrounded, his own world always possessed more attractions to his
cultured mind than were yielded by external circumstances.
The study of Dr. Livingstone would not be complete if we did not take the
religious side of his character into consideration. His religion is not of
the theoretical kind, but it is a constant, earnest, sincere practice. It
is neither demonstrative nor loud, but manifests itself in a quiet,
practical way, and is always at work. It is not aggressive, which
sometimes is troublesome, if not impertinent. In him, religion exhibits
its loveliest features; it governs his conduct not only towards his
servants, but towards the natives, the bigoted Mohammedans, and all who
come in contact with him. Without it, Livingstone, with his ardent
temperament, his enthusiasm, his high spirit and courage, must have become
uncompanionable, and a hard master. Religion has tamed him, and made him a
Christian gentleman: the crude and wilful have been refined and subdued;
religion has made him the most companionable of men and indulgent of
masters—a man whose society is pleasurable.
In Livingstone I have seen many amiable traits. His gentleness never
forsakes him; his hopefulness never deserts him. No harassing anxieties,
distraction of mind, long separation from home and kindred, can make him
complain. He thinks "all will come out right at last;" he has such faith
in the goodness of Providence. The sport of adverse circumstances, the
plaything of the miserable beings sent to him from Zanzibar—he has
been baffled and worried, even almost to the grave, yet he will not desert
the charge imposed upon him by his friend, Sir Roderick Murchison. To the
stern dictates of duty, alone, has he sacrificed his home and ease, the
pleasures, refinements, and luxuries of civilized life. His is the Spartan
heroism, the inflexibility of the Roman, the enduring resolution of the
Anglo-Saxon—never to relinquish his work, though his heart yearns
for home; never to surrender his obligations until he can write Finis to
his work.
But you may take any point in Dr. Livingstone's character, and analyse it
carefully, and I would challenge any man to find a fault in it. He is
sensitive, I know; but so is any man of a high mind and generous nature.
He is sensitive on the point of being doubted or being criticised. An
extreme love of truth is one of his strongest characteristics, which
proves him to be a man of strictest principles, and conscientious
scruples; being such, he is naturally sensitive, and shrinks from any
attacks on the integrity of his observations, and the accuracy of his
reports. He is conscious of having laboured in the course of geography and
science with zeal and industry, to have been painstaking, and as exact as
circumstances would allow. Ordinary critics seldom take into consideration
circumstances, but, utterly regardless of the labor expended in obtaining
the least amount of geographical information in a new land, environed by
inconceivable dangers and difficulties, such as Central Africa presents,
they seem to take delight in rending to tatters, and reducing to nil, the
fruits of long years of labor, by sharply-pointed shafts of ridicule and
sneers.
Livingstone no doubt may be mistaken in some of his conclusions about
certain points in the geography of Central Africa, but he is not so
dogmatic and positive a man as to refuse conviction. He certainly demands,
when arguments in contra are used in opposition to him, higher authority
than abstract theory. His whole life is a testimony against its
unreliability, and his entire labor of years were in vain if theory can be
taken in evidence against personal observation and patient investigation.
The reluctance he manifests to entertain suppositions, possibilities
regarding the nature, form, configuration of concrete immutable matter
like the earth, arises from the fact, that a man who commits himself to
theories about such an untheoretical subject as Central Africa is deterred
from bestirring himself to prove them by the test of exploration. His
opinion of such a man is, that he unfits himself for his duty, that he is
very likely to become a slave to theory—a voluptuous fancy, which
would master him.
It is his firm belief, that a man who rests his sole knowledge of the
geography of Africa on theory, deserves to be discredited. It has been the
fear of being discredited and criticised and so made to appear before the
world as a man who spent so many valuable years in Africa for the sake of
burdening the geographical mind with theory that has detained him so long
in Africa, doing his utmost to test the value of the main theory which
clung to him, and would cling to him until he proved or disproved it.
This main theory is his belief that in the broad and mighty Lualaba he has
discovered the head waters of the Nile. His grounds for believing this are
of such nature and weight as to compel him to despise the warning that
years are advancing on him, and his former iron constitution is failing.
He believes his speculations on this point will be verified; he believes
he is strong enough to pursue his explorations until he can return to his
country, with the announcement that the Lualaba is none other than the
Nile.
On discovering that the insignificant stream called the Chambezi, which
rises between 10 degrees S. and 12 degrees S., flowed westerly, and then
northerly through several lakes, now under the names of the Chambezi, then
as the Luapula, and then as the Lualaba, and that it still continued its
flow towards the north for over 7 degrees, Livingstone became firmly of
the opinion that the river whose current he followed was the Egyptian
Nile. Failing at lat. 4 degrees S. to pursue his explorations further
without additional supplies, he determined to return to Ujiji to obtain
them.
And now, having obtained them, he intends to return to the point where he
left off work. He means to follow that great river until it is firmly
established what name shall eventually be given the noble water-way whose
course he has followed through so many sick toilings and difficulties. To
all entreaties to come home, to all the glowing temptations which home and
innumerable friends offer, he returns the determined answer:—
"No; not until my work is ended."
I have often heard our servants discuss our respective merits. "Your
master," say my servants to Livingstone's, "is a good man—a very
good man; he does not beat you, for he has a kind heart; but ours—oh!
he is sharp—hot as fire"—"mkali sana, kana moto." From being
hated and thwarted in every possible way by the Arabs and half-castes upon
first arrival in Ujiji, he has, through his uniform kindness and mild,
pleasant temper, won all hearts. I observed that universal respect was
paid to him. Even the Mohammedans never passed his house without calling
to pay their compliments, and to say, "The blessing of God rest on you."
Each Sunday morning he gathers his little flock around him, and reads
prayers and a chapter from the Bible, in a natural, unaffected, and
sincere tone; and afterwards delivers a short address in the Kisawahili
language, about the subject read to them, which is listened to with
interest and attention.
There is another point in Livingstone's character about which readers of
his books, and students of his travels, would like to know, and that is
his ability to withstand the dreadful climate of Central Africa, and the
consistent energy with which he follows up his explorations. His
consistent energy is native to him and to his race. He is a very fine
example of the perseverance, doggedness, and tenacity which characterise
the Anglo-Saxon spirit; but his ability to withstand the climate is due
not only to the happy constitution with which he was born, but to the
strictly temperate life he has ever led. A drunkard and a man of vicious
habits could never have withstood the climate of Central Africa.
The second day after my arrival in Ujiji I asked the Doctor if he did not
feel a desire, sometimes, to visit his country, and take a little rest
after his six years' explorations; and the answer he gave me fully reveals
the man. Said he:
"I should like very much to go home and see my children once again, but I
cannot bring my heart to abandon the task I have undertaken, when it is so
nearly completed. It only requires six or seven months more to trace the
true source that I have discovered with Petherick's branch of the White
Nile, or with the Albert N'Yanza of Sir Samuel Baker, which is the lake
called by the natives 'Chowambe.' Why should I go home before my task is
ended, to have to come back again to do what I can very well do now?"