GENERAL INDEX.

• A
• Abbeville, hand-mill at, 258
• Abbott, Mr. J. W. Lewis, on minute flint tools, 325
• Aberdeenshire, flint workshops in, 22
• Abnormal peculiarities in celts, 130
• Abrasion of flints
  • by fire-producing, 315, 318, 416, &c.;
  • by hammering, 217, 413, &c.
• Abydos, Egyptian arrow-heads from, 393, 395
• Achilles, spear of, 4
• Adams, Dr. Leith, Guernsey arrow-head factory traced by, 401
• Adder-stones, 437
• Adhémar, M., as to date of Glacial Period, 705
• Admixture of objects of different periods, 210, 475, 479, 487, 492
• Adzes,
  • in Burma and Assam, 59;
  • of Clalam Indians, 165;
  • of New Guinea, 162;
  • Polynesian, of basalt, 69;
  • bronze, 4;
  • with carved handle, 166, 167;
  • celts adapted for use as, 94, 122, 124, 135;
  • of chalcedonic flint, 138;
  • hafting of, 164, 165;
  • for hollowing canoes, 165, 166;
  • of horn, carved, 435;
  • of mussel-shell, 182;
  • perforated, 188–192;
  • uses of, 215
• Ælfric’s Glossary on Stan-æx, 145
• Æneid, mention of bronze arms in, 4
• Africa,
  • sacrificial use of stone in, 10;
  • flint flakes in diamond diggings of, 277
• Agate,
  • arrow-heads of, 406;
  • chisel of, 40;
  • gun-flints of, 21
• Agatharchides on Egyptian chisels, 6
• Ages, Stone, Bronze, and Iron, succession of, 2
• Agricola, Georgius, on Brontia and Ceraunia, 64
• Agriculture, possible use of stone implements in, 71, 205, 645
• Ahts of North America,
  • fern-roots eaten by, 250;
  • mussel-shell adzes used by, 182
• Aithadh, or elf-shot, 365
• Akerman, Mr., on Lapp burials of needed objects, 283
• Alaska, stone hammer from, 25
• Albania, gun-flint making in, 21
• Albite, chloritic, celts of, 109
• Aldrovandus,
  • his culter lapideus, 289;
  • on the Glossopetra, 363;
  • on Roman stone weapons, 362;
  • his securis lapidea, 157;
  • on stone implements, 63, 64
• Aleppo, threshing instrument from, 284
• Aleutian Islanders, thong-drill used by, 48
• Alexius Comnenus, celt presented by, to German Emperor, 59
• Alger, Mr., on level of Waveney Valley, 683
• Algeria, flakes from, 287
• Algonquins, form of club used by, 424
• Allée couverte of Argenteuil,
  • perforated pebbles from, 465;
  • stag’s horn socket from, 160;
  • worked blade from, 327
• Alluvium, beds of, between stalagmitic layers in caverns, 479
• Almond-shaped implements, 647
• Alteration in structure of flint, 487, 497, 513, 556, 596, 659, 660
• Alum, its wood-preserving power, 152
• “Amazon axe,” 184
• Amber,
  • beads of, in interment, 429;
  • cup of, at Hove, 449;
  • with perforated axe, 185;
  • with whetstone, 268;
  • importation of, to Britain, 449;
  • piece of, in interment, 149;
  • plates of, for necklaces, 460;
  • studs or buttons of, 456
• America, doubtful evidence of palæolithic remains in, 654
• Ammonites in barrow, 467;
  • their use as “cramp-stones,” 470
• Amulets,
  • arrow-heads mounted as, 365, 367;
  • celt probably used as, 145;
  • of iron-ore in interment, 313;
  • Portuguese decorated, 470;
  • of schist, 463;
  • stones in interment as, 466, 468, 469
• Anchorites, Dr. Grew’s description of, 364
• “Ancient Meols,” Hume’s, referred to, 439
• Anderson, Dr. J.,
  • experiments with flint implements, 320, 408;
  • on polished stone discs, 440
• Andrée, Richard, on beliefs concerning stone weapons, 60
• Angelucci, Capt., stone arrow-head factory discovered by, 402
• Anglesea, querns in, 259
• Anglo-Saxon burial ground, flint and steel in, 283
• Animals,
  • carvings of, on weapons, 215, 435;
  • engravings of, on Egyptian gold haft, 359;
  • extinct, their co-existence with man, 513, 524, &c.
• Antiquity
  • of celts, 143, 150;
  • of man in Britain, 704;
  • of river-drift implements, 700
• Antlers of deer,
  • celt-sockets made from, 160;
  • circle of, in barrow, 466;
  • used as picks at Cissbury, 79;
  • flat instrument of, 432;
  • at Grime’s Graves, 33
• Anvils, stone,
  • early use of, 245;
  • recent use of, 11, 232
• Apaches of Mexico,
  • arrow-head making among, 24;
  • hammer-hafting, 239
• Arabs, arrow-head charms among, 367
• Archer, Mr. F., neolithic flakes fitted on to core by, 20
• Arctic fauna,
  • of Crayford beds, 607;
  • northward retreat of, 486;
  • of Salisbury beds, 689;
  • plants, fossil, at Hoxne, 577
• Ariantes, his method of numbering the people, 368
• Armlet
  • on arm of skeleton, 429;
  • bronze, in cromlech, 464;
  • “coal-money” the central disc of, 465;
  • of jet, lathe-turned, 464
• Arrow-flakers, 37, 416
• Arrow-flaking,
  • art of, in America, 42;
  • experiments on, by author, 41;
  • use of fossil ivory for, 37
• Arrows and arrow-heads,
  • African and Asiatic, 405;
  • American, 406, 407;
  • Arab, 367;
  • of the Bushmen, 370;
  • Californian, 39, 40;
  • Danish, 35, 306;
  • Egyptian, 368, 369, 395;
  • Eskimo, 25, 37;
  • French, 395, 400–402;
  • Gelderland, 403;
  • German, 403;
  • Greek, 368;
  • Indian, 405;
  • Irish, 365, 370, 399, 400;
  • Italian, 359, 402;
  • Japanese, 405;
  • from Lake-dwellings, 402;
  • Lycian, 410;
  • Mexican, 39;
  • Patagonian, 400;
  • Persian, 394, 396;
  • Peruvian, 407;
  • Russian, 404;
  • Scottish, 386;
  • Scandinavian, 353, 404;
  • Spanish, 403;
  • Swiss, 409;
  • Virginian, 37;
  • barbed, 380–390;
  • bone, 210, 361;
  • bronze, scarce in England, 368;
  • chisel-ended, 409;
  • crescent-shaped, 396;
  • detachable from shaft, 370;
  • double-pointed, 386;
  • featherless, 410;
  • iron-tipped, 394, 396;
  • leaf-shaped, 373–378, 484;
  • lozenge-shaped, 378, 484;
  • manufactories of, 268, 280, 359, 401, 402;
  • methods of shafting, 408, 410;
  • modern use of, for fire-producing, 397;
  • in necklaces, 10, 300;
  • notched, 372, 396, 406;
  • poisoned, 361, 370;
  • single-barbed, 385, 393, 306;
  • stemmed, 370;
  • successive developments of, 369;
  • superstitions concerning, 362–367;
  • triangular, 390;
  • in human vertebræ, 375, 396, 400
• Arrow-shafts,
  • concave scrapers for fashioning, 320;
  • grooved pebbles for straightening, 268;
  • Irish, 408;
  • South American, 407
• Art, works of, in caves, 484, 523, 657
• Arundelian marbles as to date of discovery of iron, 4
• “Asbestos,” ligniformed, whetstone of, 352
• Ash,
  • Irish arrow-shaft of, 408;
  • in brick earth at Hoxne, 537
• Ashes of bone in hyæna den, 518
• Asia, beliefs in, concerning celts, 59
• Asphalte, use of, in mounting Swiss celts, 163
• Assagais, Kaffir mode of shafting, 410
• Assiut, figures from tomb at, 369
• Astropelekia, 59
• Atkins, Mr. E. Martin, abraded pyrites found by, 318
• Atkinson, Rev. J. C, barrows examined by, 211
• Attrition of teeth by gritty food, 253
• Atys, stone knife used by, 9
• Augustus, bronze arms as antiquities in time of, 4
• Australians,
  • celts handled by, with gum, 137, 170, 171;
  • flint an article of barter among, 80;
  • flints mounted by, as saws, 277, 293;
  • grinding nardoo-seeds, 243;
  • hatchet-hafting among, 233;
  • pounding-stones of, 243, 245;
  • tomahawks, mode of mounting by, 166;
  • tools of, 97
• Authenticity of palæolithic implements, 658, 659
• Awls,
  • bone, from Kent’s Cavern, 506;
  • bone instruments used as, 432;
  • bronze, in interments, 84, 186;
  • bronze, with wooden shaft, 462;
  • flint, 321–325;
  • perforated, 323;
  • use of, in sewing leather, 433
• Axes, 32, 63, 149;
  • hafting of, 155–163, 168, 160;
  • used in the hand, 151;
  • of Montezuma II., 157;
  • hieroglyph of Nouter, 62
• Axes,
  • perforated, Brazilian, 157;
  • in Brittany, 212;
  • Danish, 32, 186, 205;
  • French, 186;
  • German, 145, 186, 191;
  • Greek, 205;
  • Kjökken-mödding, 69;
  • Lake-dwellings, 158;
  • Mexican, 191;
  • Scandinavian, 187, 215;
  • of basalt, 186;
  • boring of, 46–52;
  • with carved handles, 167;
  • classification of, 184;
  • contemporaneous with bronze, 193, &c.;
  • cutting at one end, 192, &c.;
  • double-edged, 184–192;
  • fluted, 203, 211;
  • grooved, 168, 169;
  • hafting of, 151–171;
  • hollowed on sides, 209;
  • in interments, 83, 163, &c.;
  • large and heavy, 198, 199;
  • little used by modern savages, 215;
  • lozenge-shaped, 213;
  • ornamented, 196, 209, 211;
  • pointed at one end, 188;
  • single-edged, 184, 192–196;
  • superstitions concerning, 62, 63, 65, 145, 146;
  • of ulna of whale, 435
• Axe-hammers, 168, 200–205
• Aymara Indians, hatchet-hafting among, 169, 239
• Ayre, Col., R.A., 78
• Aztecs,
  • their method of stone working, 23;
  • their stone mortars, 257
• B
• Babington, Prof. C. C., on flint hammer from Burwell, 538
• Bætuli, virtues of, 65
• Bahia, stone club from, 251
• Baines, Mr., on Australian stone-working, 26
• Balanus, presence of, in Stour Valley, 621
• Ball of Towie, 421
• Balls,
  • stone, carved, 422;
  • in lead mines, 234;
  • perforated Peruvian, 232;
  • possibly used in games, 244;
  • their use among Eskimos, 219;
  • in grinding corn, 253;
  • as hammers, 249;
  • with channelled surface, 420–423
• Ballast for railways, implements found in, 573, 578, 632, 633, 639
• Barbers, Mexican, their obsidian razors, 290
• Barbs of arrows, various forms of, 380, &c.
• Bark, Australian hammers hafted with, 167, 168
• Barlow, Mr. F. Pratt, pointed drift implement found by, 619
• Barnwell, Rev. E. L., on Welsh hammer-head, 226
• Barrows,
  • bronze and flint found together in, 397, &c.;
  • chambered, bone chisel in, 433;
  • cups of shale in, 445;
  • fossils in, 466, 467, 469;
  • gold cup in, with bronze dagger, 449;
  • jet ornaments in, 265, 454, &c.;
  • long, leaf-shaped arrow-heads in, 377;
  • necklaces in, 456–463;
  • pebbles in, 443;
  • pyrites and flint in, 265, 467;
  • spindle whorl of clay in, 439;
  • stag’s horn hammer in, 434
• Barry, Mr. F. Tress, 227
• Barter,
  • flint an Australian article of, 80;
  • flints at Cissbury probably formed for, 80;
  • finely worked daggers procured by, 414
• Bartlett’s “History of Manceter” referred to, 187
• Basalt,
  • axe hammer of, in interment, 467;
  • heads of, 186, 194, 197, 202, 208, 211, 214;
  • celts of, 106, 114, 140;
  • hammers of, 25, 223;
  • hatchets, 34, 85, 170;
  • late use of, for anvils, 232;
  • maul of, 234
• Basaltic rock, African flakes of, 288
• Bastard gouges, 180–182
• Bast-fibre,
  • its use in arrow shafting, 409;
  • used in weaving, 436
• Bate, Mr. Spence, 266, 279
• Bateman, Mr., on pebbles in interments, 467
• “Bâtons de commandement,” in La Madeleine caves, 484
• Bats, stone, possibly used for preparing hemp, 257
• “Batting-staff,” 256
• Battle axes, 195, 197, 207;
  • with amber cup in coffin, 449
• “Battling-stones,” 257
• Baudot, M., on flakes in interments, 283
• Bauerman, Mr., on stone hammers in Egyptian mine, 581
• Baye, Baron Joseph de, 160
• Beads,
  • amber, 457, 459, 460;
  • animal fibre used for stringing, 459;
  • like arrow-heads, 367;
  • bone, 432, 456, 457;
  • with spiral pattern, 211;
  • glass, 437, 456;
  • jet, 83, 394, 457–462;
  • Kimmeridge clay, 309, 457;
  • of peculiar shapes, 463;
  • quartz, 465;
  • shale, 463;
  • various, 457–463
• Bear,
  • chipped tooth of, 503;
  • bones of, in position at Brixham, 513
• Beauty, materials chosen on account of, 224, 227, 406, 466
• Beckmann quoted as to date of flint-locks, 17
• Bed-stone and rolling pin, 250
• Bees-wax and mastic, axes mounted with, 170
• Beetles, elytra of, in brick-earth, 536
• Beger, “celtes” first named by, 55
• Belcher, Sir Edward, on
  • Eskimo arrow-flaking, 37, 39;
  • “flensing-knife,” 292;
  • stone working, 25;
  • stone planes, 299
• Bell, Mr. A. M., discoveries of implements by, 593, 610
• Bellilah, Australian mode of pounding, 245
• Belt, the late Mr. Thomas, on Hoxne deposits, 576
• ⲂⲈⲚⲒⲠⲈ, interpretation of, 5
• Bennett, Mr. F. G., implements found by, 536, 627
• Bernays, Mr. E. A., palæolithic implement found by, 611
• Bicarbonate of lime, proportion of, in chalk-streams, 675
• “Bill,” meaning of, 146
• Bipennis, 146
• Birds, remains of, in Fisherton beds, 631
• Bison, caves of the age of the, 481
• Bitumen,
  • use of, in Swiss Lake-dwellings, 170, 292, 409;
  • Egyptian arrows secured to shaft by, 369
• “Black balls,” present use of, in ballots, 468
• “Black-boy gum,” flints mounted in, 277
• Blackmore, Dr. Humphrey P., drift implements found by, 627, 628, 635
• Blacksmiths, modern, their mode of hafting chisels, 168, 233
• Blades of flint,
  • crescent-shaped, 355;
  • Egyptian, 354;
  • from Kent’s Cavern, 496
• Blanford, Mr. W. T., Indian drift implements found by, 651
• Blunting of battle-axes, 196, 207
• Boars’ teeth in interments, 83, 148, 328, 427
• Bodkin of wood in urn, 433
• Bodmann, flint manufactory at, 22
• Bohemian stone axes, 51
• Bolas, present mode of using, 422
• “Bolthead, the flat,” 364
• Bonardo on flint arrow-heads, 364
• Bone,
  • arrow-heads of, 21, 361, 402;
  • awl, 523;
  • beads, 211, 432, 456;
  • blade of, flint flakes inserted in, 277, 294;
  • chisels, 177;
  • harpoons of, 277, 394;
  • instruments in interments, 313, 314, 431, &c.;
  • needles, 321, 433, 523;
  • objects of, in caves, 484, 488, 492, 523, &c.;
  • late Roman, 144;
  • pins, 34, 40, 83, 186, 431, 432;
  • plate of, perforated, 428;
  • rounded piece of, 34;
  • single-barbed arrow-head of, 409;
  • tools of, Eskimo, 410;
  • tube, 268;
  • used in arrow-chipping, 39, &c.;
  • wedge for working obsidian, 24
• Bones,
  • crushing of, probably for marrow, 25, 239, 504, 657;
  • gnawed, 486, 508;
  • human, with those of extinct animals, 481, &c.;
  • mineral condition of, in caves, 508
• Borers or awls, 321–325
• Boring of stone,
  • methods of, 47, 48, 52;
  • incomplete, of stone implements, 205, 206, 226
• Bos primigenius,
  • celt imbedded in skull of, 91, 92;
  • longifrons not found in Britain before neolithic times, 486
• Botocudo Indians,
  • their method of hafting, 156;
  • their use of stone blades, 171
• Boulder, cup formed from, 450
• Boulder Clay,
  • anterior to implementiferous deposits, 577, 685, 697;
  • East Anglian, 683
• Boulders,
  • American use of, 235;
  • used as hammers, 233, 234
• Bourgeois, Abbé, on human works in Pliocene times, 658
• “Bournes,” causes of intermittence of, 664
• Bow, use of, not general among savages, 360
• Bows and arrows,
  • Egyptian carved figures armed with, 369;
  • myth concerning, 361
• Bowen, Mr., as to African “thunderbolts,” 60
• Box, stone, containing red pigment, 264
• Bracelets (see Armlets)
• Bracers, 425–435, 456
• Bracken, use of, as food, 250
• Brandon, manufacture of gun-flints at, 14, 17
• Brazilian stone axe, 157
• Breach through the chalk range near Bournemouth, 695
• Breccia,
  • formation of, in caves, 479;
  • implements from, in Kent’s Cavern, 495;
  • mace-head made of, 232
• Brent, Mr. John, implements found by, at Reculver, 613–620
• Briar-wood shaft, arrow-head found with, 408
• Brick-earth,
  • implements from, 530, 536, 542, 548;
  • old land surface underlying, 598
• Bright spots on drift implements, 565, 659
• Briquets
  • with flints in graves, 283, 397;
  • bruising of flints by the use of, 315
• Brittany,
  • superstitions regarding celts in, 57;
  • early incised drawings of celts in, 62
• Brixham Cave,
  • discovery of, 490;
  • fauna of, 513;
  • implements of, 513–516;
  • section of, 512
• Broch of Lingrow, 416, 440
• Brochs,
  • cups in, 414, 440;
  • querns in, 259;
  • stone and bronze in, 440;
  • whetstones in, 269
• Bronze Period
  • in Egypt, 6;
  • in Greece and Italy, 4, 5;
  • probable duration of, 704
• Bronze,
  • armlets of, 459;
  • arms, mention of by Homer, 4;
  • arrow-heads, 368;
  • awls, 84;
  • bucket, 451;
  • celts, 213, 268, 453;
  • celts mounted in stag’s horn, 428;
  • chisels, 6;
  • dagger with ox-horn hilt, 265;
  • daggers, 185, 193, 194, 208, 227, 398, 427, &c.;
  • ear-rings, 207;
  • Egyptian hatchets, 169;
  • finger-ring, 398;
  • “hammer-stone,” 246;
  • implement found at Ploucour, 340;
  • knife in interment, 195;
  • knife, socketed, in Kent’s Cavern, 492;
  • mining instruments, 6, 233;
  • moulds for celts, 269;
  • needle, central-eyed, 433;
  • palstaves, 163;
  • pins, 267, 269;
  • tube, 49;
  • tweezers, 433;
  • use of, in Britain, 147;
  • use of, con­temp­o­ra­ne­ous with that of stone, 84, 143, 211, 331, &c.
• Brooch
  • of metal in interment, 214;
  • possible use of ring as, 466
• Brooke, Mr. J. W., his implements from Fordingbridge, 633
• Brown, Mr. J. Allen,
  • on minute flint tools, 325;
  • researches at Ealing, &c., 591;
  • Mr. James, drift implements found by, 622, 625, &c.
• Browne, Sir Thomas, on slickstones, 441
• Brun, M. V., his explorations at Bruniquel, 296
• Brunswick, first use of flint-locks by soldiers of, 17
• Buckland, the late Mr. Frank, 291
• Buckman, Prof. J., manufactory of celts recorded by, 35
• Buschan, Dr. G., on prehistoric spinning, 437
• Buick, Dr., on Irish arrow-heads, 365, 370
• “Bulb of percussion,” 274
• Bunyard, Mr. G., drift implements found by, 618
• Burma and Assam, stone adzes in, 59
• Burnishers of stone, 103, 139, 442
• Burton, Dr. J. Hill, on elf-bolts, 366
• Bushmen,
  • arrows shafted by, with ostrich-bones, 410;
  • ostrich-egg-shell fragments perforated by, 277;
  • poisoned arrows of, 370
• Bustards, flint arrow-heads abraded by gizzards of, 396
• Butt end of celt,
  • definition of, 66;
  • roughened for insertion into socket, 128
• Buttons,
  • early use of, 452;
  • of jet in interments, 453, 455, &c.;
  • possible use of perforated discs as, 439
• C
• Cæsar, Julius, Gaulish use of iron in time of, 10
• “Caillouteur,” daily production of gun-flints by, 21
• Cairns, stones thrown on, 282
• Calc-spar, sling-stones of, 418
• Calcareous nodule,
  • celt formed from, 115;
  • incrustations on palæolithic implements, 659, 660
• Caledonians, their early use of iron, 11
• Calendering effected by slick-stones, 441
• Calendrine, in Cotgrave’s Dictionary, 441
• Californians,
  • arrow-head making among the, 423;
  • grooved stones of the, 268;
  • knife, 273
• Calmucks, use of military flail among the, 423
• Calvert, Mr. F., implements found by, near the Dardanelles, 652
• Cambodia, superstitions as to celts in, 60
• Camenz, bronze tube found at, 49
• Cane, possible use of, in stone-drilling, 50
• Canoes,
  • adze for hollowing, 165, 166;
  • celts found with, 129, 150;
  • gouges for hollowing, 178;
  • hollowed by horn chisels, 434
• Cantabria, imperial omen in, 65
• Carbonic acid, its solvent power on chalk, 477, 675, &c.
• Caribbean character of certain implements, 129, 130, 168, 169
• Caribs,
  • axe-hafting among, 155, 218;
  • their shell gouges, 182
• Carreg-y-Saelhau, or stone of the arrows, 262
• Cartailhac, M., his sections of San Isidro valley, 529
• Carved representation of celt in dolmen, 153
• Carvings in caves, 484, 523
• Cassava bread, stone slabs for cooking, 440
• Catlin, Mr., on American flaking-tools, 24
• Cattle,
  • elf-arrows the cause of disease among, 365, 366;
  • protection of, by witch-stone, 470;
  • snake-bitten, how to treat, 437
• Cave-bear, age of the, 481
• Cave-deposits, rarity of large implements in, 641
• Cave-dwellers, their mode of living, 657
• “Cave-earth,” 479, 492
• Cave-implements, 473, &c.
• Cave-remains prior to Neolithic times, 482
• Caves,
  • alternate tenancy of, by man and beasts, 479;
  • chronological sequence of contents of, 475, 481–485;
  • deposits of, compared with river gravels, 474;
  • early use of for habitations, 126;
  • formation of, 477, 480;
  • ossiferous, 474, 476;
  • sepulchral, 126;
  • stalagmite of, 479
  • Belgian, 286, 475, 478
  • Brixham, 512–516
  • Creswell Crags, 522–524
  • French, arrow-heads in, 396;
  • bone and horn objects in, 177, 321;
  • character of implements of, 53;
  • flint flakes in, 292;
  • hammer-stones, 248;
  • quartzite flakes, 281, 292;
  • serrated flakes, 296
  • Gibraltar, bone objects in, 177, 433;
  • long flake in, 287;
  • saddle-quern in, 252;
  • sandstone plate in, 428;
  • stone chisel-gouge in, 182
  • Happaway, 517
  • Kent’s Cavern, 488–511
  • Long Hole, Gower, and other Welsh Caves, 521
  • of Palestine, early sepulture in, 9
  • Tor Bryan, 516
  • Wookey hyæna-den, 517–520
• Cavities in gravel, how formed, 556, 557, 561
• Celte, occurrence of, in Vulgate, 55
• Celts,
  • suggested etymology of, 55;
  • superstitions concerning, 56–65;
  • classification of, 66
  • chipped or rough hewn, 67–86;
  • chisel-edged, with curvature of face, 67, 68, 73;
  • with equal faces, 75;
  • long and narrow, 81;
  • tanged, 83;
  • wedge-shaped, 82;
  • small, made from fragments of larger, 87, 97;
  • of stones other than flint, 84
  • ground at the edge, 90–97
  • polished, with ab­nor­mal pe­cu­li­ar­i­ties, 130;
  • ac­com­pa­ny­ing in­ter­ments, passim;
  • ap­prox­i­mate date of, 147;
  • bro­ken, con­ver­sion of, into other im­ple­ments, 242, 248, 339;
  • bronze, from barrows, 213, 268, 309;
  • chisel-like, 103, 120, 121;
  • classification of, 98;
  • with cutting-edge blunted, 138;
  • with flattened sides, 110–119;
  • found in canoe, 150;
  • grooved or notched, 136;
  • mode of hafting, 151;
  • oblique-edged, 113, 124;
  • oval in section, 122, 129;
  • perforated, 142;
  • range of, in time, 147, 150;
  • recent use of, by Irish weavers, 440;
  • rectangular in section, 119–122;
  • sharpened at both ends, 118;
  • stag’s-horn sockets for, 163;
  • for use in hand, 133, 136, 171;
  • various uses of, 171, 172
• Cembro pine, Siberian stones for crushing nuts of, 245
• Cements
  • used in hafting implements, 170, 171;
  • bituminous, in Swiss hafting, 292, 409
• Cemetery, Frankish, of Samson, 397
• Cerauniæ,
  • old German authors concerning, 63;
  • Sotacus on the, 64, 480;
  • Pliny concerning, 65
• Cereals, absence of, among cave-dwellers, 657
• Ceremonial stone-adze, 167
• Chafing-dish of stone, 445
• Chalcedonic flint,
  • celts of, 92, 138;
  • Egyptian blades of, 359;
  • serrated arrow-head of, 385
• Chalcedony,
  • American lance-head of, 337;
  • Chilian arrow-heads of, 406;
  • gun-flints of, 21;
  • harpoon-points of, in Greenland, 405;
  • implements of, their French provenance, 80;
  • Mexican dagger-blade of, 354;
  • ornamental hammer of, 226;
  • small Indian cores of, 23
• Chaldæans, their reverence for the hatchet, 62
• Chalk,
  • absorbent nature of, 663;
  • carved cylinders of, 421;
  • cups of, 34;
  • cup-shaped vessels of, 450;
  • districts, implementiferous gravels in, 663;
  • mining in, for flints, 33, 79, 172;
  • solution of, by carbonic-acid-charged water, 477, 557, 675;
  • “subterranean reservoir” in, 664
• Chamacocos, socketed axes among the, 157
• Champignolles, pit for extraction of flint at, 35
• Changes,
  • geological, in cave regions, 521, 525;
  • affecting the River Drift, 662, &c.;
  • coast-line affected by, 695
• Chantre, M., 133;
  • on hafting of celts by savages, 164, 244;
  • drift implement found by, in Euphrates valley, 653
• Charms,
  • arrow-heads used as, 364–366;
  • hereditary custody of, 469;
  • perforated pebbles as, 231
• Charruas, the, lenticular sling-stones used by, 418
• Charters-White, Mr., on the attrition of teeth by grit, 253
• Chert,
  • balls of, 249;
  • British celt of, 65;
  • cores of, in Welsh caves, 521;
  • Eskimo use of, for arrow-heads, 25;
  • implements of, in Welsh caves, 581;
  • Irish tool of, 175
• Chester, the late Rev. Greville J., barrow examined by, 463
• Chieftainship, decorative weapons a mark of, 226
• Children, quartz pebbles in interments of, 467
• Chinese, use of military flail among the, 423
• Chipping flints, relation of, to grinding, 85, 86, 290
• Chisels,
  • blacksmiths’ present mode of hafting, 168, 233;
  • bone, 177, 433;
  • bronze, in Egyptian gold-mines, 6;
  • of deer’s horn, 434;
  • distribution of, 177;
  • Maori hafting of, 178;
  • and picks, 173–177
• Chlorite,
  • whetstone of, 269;
  • slate, plates of, in interment, 398
• Chloritic albite,
  • celts of, 109;
  • stone, hatchet and haft made of one piece of, 171
• Chronology
  • of Neolithic Period, difficulty of ascertaining, 471;
  • of the River Drift attempted, 705, &c.;
  • of stone implements, purely retrogressive, 473
• Cidares, fossil, in interments, 469
• Cilix, myth of, 313
• Circles, concentric, on stones, 463
• Circular habitation, stone cup in, 450
• Circumcision, use of stone knives in, 9
• Cissbury,
  • flint manufactory at, 33;
  • objects found at, 32, 81;
  • Neolithic fauna at, 80;
  • General Pitt Rivers’ explorations at, 78–82
• Cists in barrows, objects found in, 248, 330, 453–456, &c.
• Civilization
  • of maritime tribes in time of Cæsar, 10;
  • degree of, among the cave-dwellers, 657
• Clach-nathrach, 437
• Clalam Indians, 105, 166
• Clan Chattons, stone charm in the possession of the, 469
• Claudian,
  • religiosa silex of, 10;
  • flint and steel mentioned by, 16;
  • on the ceraunia of Pyrenean caves, 481
• Clavigero
  • on the rate of obsidian working, 24;
  • on metal Mexican axes, 155
• Clay,
  • burnt, loom weights of, 443
  • ironstone, celt of, 120
  • pipe, implement found in, 602
  • slate, celts of, 65, 106, 114, 136
  • valley-forming in, 677
  • vessels, instruments possibly used in shaping, 266, 432, 434
• Climate, zoological evidences as to change of, 584, 699
• Clinch, Mr. G., 248;
  • ovate implement found by, 604
• Clod-crusher of stone, 239
• Cloth, Irish, celt used for giving gloss to, 440
• Cloud River Indians, use of bone punch by, 25
• Clouston, Mr., drift implements found by, 597
• Club, so-called, of hone slate, 118
• “Coal money,” 447, 448;
  • traces of lathe on, 465
• “Coast finds,” so-called sling-stones in, 419
• Coast line, variations in, 617, 695
• Cochet, Abbé, on flints in Merovingian interments, 314
• Cocks, metallic, pole lathe still used for making, 447, note
• Codrington, Mr. T.,
  • on Southampton drift, 626;
  • on Hampshire deposits, 687, 688;
  • on origin of Solent, 690, 692;
  • his section across Isle of Wight, 693
• Coffin
  • of oak in barrow, 185;
  • at Hove, contents of, 449
• Coin de foudre, 57
• Collections
  • of Aymard, M., of Le Puy, 114, 202, 402;
  • Banks, late Rev. S., 103, &c.;
  • Beloe, Mr. E. M., 142;
  • Borgia, 62;
  • Bourgeois, Abbé, 322;
  • Braybrooke, the late Lord, 144, 173;
  • Brent, the late Mr. J., 102, 613, 618, &c.;
  • Brooke, Mr., of Marlborough, 18, 107, 227, &c.;
  • Chaplain Duparc, 43;
  • Christy, passim;
  • Cursiter, Mr., of Kirkwall, 124, 171, 190, 221, 224, 252;
  • Clément, Dr., 161;
  • Courvale, M. de, 161;
  • Duke, the late Rev. E., 267;
  • Durden (in Brit. Mus.), 69, 93, 125, 126, 174, 176, 230;
  • Evans, passim;
  • Finlay, late Dr., of Athens, 114, 205;
  • Flower, the late J. W., 74, 93, 107, 125, 175, 247–255, 291, 295, 309;
  • Foresi, 367;
  • Greenwell, passim;
  • Jewitt, the late Mr. Llewellynn, 198, 202, 352;
  • Klemm, 49, 157, 163, 165, 252, 294;
  • Litchfield, Mr., 326;
  • Lucas, the late Mr. J. F., 96, 107, 136, 343, 352, 463;
  • Meyrick, 195, 351, 423, 575, &c.;
  • Monkman, the late Mr. C., 92, 121, 122, 188, 191, 319, 333, 334, 342;
  • Mortimer, Messrs., of Driffield, passim;
  • Neuberg, Baron de, 51;
  • Perthes, Boucher de, 226, 327;
  • Poley, the late Rev. W. Weller, 341;
  • Ransom, Mr. W., 196;
  • Reboux, M., 187;
  • Rivers, General Pitt, 88, 140, 144, 155, 231, 247, 277, 278, 279, 309, 332, 334;
  • Sturge, Dr. Allen, see Greenwell;
  • Warren, the late Mr. Joseph, of Ixworth, 88, 110, 113, 192, 229, 539
• Comb-like instruments in Kent’s Cavern, 489, 492
• Commerce in amber, 449
• Commodus, the Emperor, his skill in archery, 396
• Cone of percussion, 273, 274
• Congarees, stone implements of the, 241
• Continent, British connection with, in Drift Period, 698
• Contracted position in interments, 149
• Conyers, Mr., “British weapon” found by, 581, 582
• Cooking vessels of steatite, 451
• Copeland, Colonel A. J., 173;
  • pointed drift implement obtained by, 613
• Copiapo, human vertebra, with arrow-head embedded, found near, 406
• Copper,
  • bracelet of, 405;
  • needle, 440;
  • smelted, in Kent’s Cavern, 492
• Copper mines,
  • American, stone hammers in, 235;
  • of Maghara, 6;
  • objects found in old workings of, 233;
  • Spanish, &c., mauls found in, 234
• Corbicula fluminalis,
  • former presence of, 578, 584, 586;
  • found above worked flints, 606;
  • found below drift implements, 621
• Cores or nuclei, 20, 23, 276;
  • boat-shaped, 27;
  • and flakes, their mutual relation, 31, 272;
  • possibly resulting from tube-boring, 47;
  • flint, used as hammers, 248;
  • occasionally used as sling-stones, 419;
  • palæolithic, from Kent’s Cavern, 503;
  • flakes refitted to, 20, 598, 606;
  • long, their absence from River Drift, 648
• Corisco, Portuguese name for stone axe, 59
• Corn-crushers
  • from Swiss Lake-dwellings and others, 246, 250;
  • -grinding, Irish, 251, 258;
  • -mills, stone spindles for, 242
• Coscinopora globularis, possible use of, as beads, 657
• Cotton, Mr., his gift of flint arrow-heads to Dr. Plot, 362
• “Cramp-stones,” ammonites used as, 470
• Crannog,
  • possible hatchet-haft found in, 155;
  • ridged hammer stones in, 247;
  • scraper from, 310;
  • polished stone discs in, 440
• Craveri, Signor, on Mexican arrow-making, 39
• Crawshay, Mr. de B., palæolithic implements found by, 605, 608
• Crayford beds, Arctic fauna of, 607
• Crescent-like implements, 559, 571
• Crinkling of flint dagger-handles, 359
• Croll, Mr., as to date of Arctic Period, 705
• Cross-bow, use of by Romans, 411
• Cross-chipping,
  • practice of, in Scandinavia, 28;
  • shewn by Greek obsidian cores, 28
• Crystal,
  • balls of, in Merovingian graves, 470;
  • arrow-heads of, 406;
  • quartz, modern use of as pick, 235;
  • used as drill, 322
• Culter lapideus, 289
• Cuming, Mr. Syer,
  • as to so-called club, 118;
  • on slickstone, 442
• Cuneus fulminis, 63
• Cunnington, Mr. W.,
  • barrows examined by, 83, 460;
  • celt belonging to, 91
• Cup-shaped
  • marks on stones, 245;
  • vessels of chalk, 450, 451
• Cups
  • in interments, of hollow flints, 83;
  • ornamented, 148;
  • earthenware, 149;
  • rude, 266;
  • with pyrites, 313;
  • with jet objects, 352;
  • containing arrow-heads, 399, 432;
  • with gold ornaments, 427;
  • with amber beads, 429;
  • handled, 444, 449;
  • turned in lathe, 446–449;
  • wooden, 448;
  • of amber, 449;
  • of gold, 449
• “Curing-stones,” 469
• Currier’s tool, perforated stone used as, 442
• Carved edge
  • to implements, 576, 624;
  • knives, 355–358;
  • recess in palæolithic flake, 555
• Cushing, Mr., arrow-head made by, 39
• Custom House rates, “slick-stones” in table of, 441
• Cutting powers of flint, 289
• Cutting tools of slaty stone, 344;
  • for holding in hand, 247;
  • modern use of, 348
• D
• Dacotahs, pump-drill used by, 48
• D’Acy, M. E., on implements of the French caves, 511
• Daggers,
  • bronze, in interments, 185, 193, 194, 208, 211, 212, 214, 268, 269, 331, 398, 448;
  • with gold on handle, 227;
  • fluted, 331
  • flint, in interments, 208, 313, 353, &c.;
  • for holding in hand, 348;
  • leaf-shaped, 352;
  • leaf-shaped, unknown in Ireland, 353;
  • notched, 353;
  • square-handled, 353;
  • Egyptian and Danish, with crinkled handles, 359;
  • handles of, used for re-chipping, 414
  • bone, 431
• Dagger-knives,
  • bronze, in interments, 265, 309, 313;
  • flint, 208, 313;
  • highly worked Danish, 413, 414
• Damour, M. A., on materials of celts, 66
• Dana on the malleability of meteoric iron, 5
• Danish flint daggers,
  • ornamentation of, 42;
  • perforated celts, 114;
  • celts of great size, 118;
  • tumuli, iron found in, 144;
  • handled scrapers, 308;
  • graves, needles in, 433
• Darbishire, Mr. R. D., finds of celts, 84, 152, 236
• Darwin, Mr. W. E., 624
• Daubrée and Roulin, M.M., on Mexican razors, 290
• David, possible nature of his sling, 417
• Dawkins, Prof. Boyd,
  • on flints upon Roman sites, 283;
  • on the fauna of British caves, 485;
  • on human skull in Cheddar cave, 486;
  • on condition of bones from cave-earth, 508;
  • on Brixham cave, 512;
  • on Welsh caves, 521;
  • on Crayford beds, 607;
  • ovate implement found by, 611;
  • on possible glaciation of N. Britain in Mammoth period, 697;
  • on the extinction of some Post-Glacial animals, 704
• Dawson, Mr. W. C., on a supposed hafted celt, 153
• Débâcle, results of, on the Rhine, 672
• De Bonstetten, 287, 470
• Decorations, personal, 452–472
• Deer, representations of on stag’s horn adze, 434, 435
• Deer’s horn, see Stag’s horn.
• Deluge, stone implements taken as evidence of, 526
• Dendritic-markings
  • on implements, 558;
  • as testimony to authenticity of implements, 659;
  • to what cause due, 660
• Denmark,
  • approximate dates of Periods in, 2, 23;
  • bracers in, 430;
  • cores of boat-shaped form from, 27;
  • square-sided hatchets from, 32;
  • grinding stones, 43;
  • mode of testing thunderbolts in, 57;
  • general use of flint for celts in, 85;
  • comparative rarity of arrow-heads in, 404
• Denudation,
  • opening of caves by, 478;
  • of the Fen country, 680, 681;
  • of Hampshire gravels, 688
• Deposits,
  • implementiferous, due to river action, 696;
  • marine, in Fen gravels, 681, 686;
  • ossiferous, in caves, 478;
  • in valleys, varying with the elevation, 699, 701
• Depressions for holding, worked in cutting tool, 344
• Desor, Professor,
  • on method of boring stone, 51;
  • referred to, 159, 161, 310
• Detritus, amount of, brought down by rivers, 667, 705
• Deventer, modern use of stone axe at, 157
• Devonian limestone, caverns in, 491, 512
• Dickinson, the late Mrs.,
  • on collective burial of celts, 75;
  • her collection referred to, 93, 465
• Diodorus Siculus
  • on the use of stone in embalming, 8;
  • on the implements of the Ichthyophagi, 288
• Diorite,
  • axe-hammer of, 205;
  • axe-head of, 213;
  • bastard-gouge of, 182;
  • polished celt of, 107;
  • ring of, 465
• Discs,
  • imperforate, 440
  • perforate, of dolerite, 230;
  • as fly-wheels of drilling-sticks, 231;
  • of jet, 455;
  • ovoid, in Kent’s Cavern, 493;
  • possible uses of, 244, 439;
  • quoit-like, 440;
  • sharp-rimmed, 216
• Discoidal implements possibly used as missiles, 648
• Discoloration of flints, evidence afforded by, 659, 660, 661
• Dish with lid, 451
• Dishes,
  • stone, 440;
  • with handles, 451
• Distaff and spindle, recent use of, 436, 437
• Divining, grooved stone used in, 470
• Dog,
  • bones of in cist, 426;
  • first appearance of, in Neolithic times, 486
• Dolmens of Brittany,
  • arrow-heads in, 385, 400;
  • axe-hammer in, 212;
  • carved illustration of celt in, 153;
  • jadeite celts in, 109;
  • chisel-ended implement from, 395;
  • long whetstone from, 268;
  • pyrites and flint in, 318
  • of other parts of France, lance-heads from, 352, 354;
  • polished chisel from, 176;
  • stag’s horn sockets from, 160;
  • worked flakes, 327;
  • Danish, stone bracer in, 430;
  • Spanish, arrow-heads in, 430
• Dolomieu,
  • on French gun-flint making, 18;
  • his estimate of work of Caillouteur, 21
• Dolomitic conglomerate, cave in, 517
• Domestic use, instruments for, 436, 599
• Donderbeitels and Donnerstein, 58, 63
• Dordogne caves,
  • objects from, 262, 292, 296, 312, 329;
  • nature of, 476;
  • deposits in, 478, 480
• Doughty, Mr. Charles M., his finds at Hoxne, 376
• Douglas, Mr., suggestion as to celt in interment, 145
• Downes, Mr. W., chert implement found by, 639
• Drainage area of ancient Solent River, 691, 692
• Drift-stages of the Darent Valley, 690
• Drill,
  • antiquity of use of, 48;
  • hollow, probable use of in America, 50
• Drilling
  • by flint-flakes, 321;
  • by quartz crystals, 322
• “Drinking cups.” See Cups.
• “Druidical circle,” 149;
  • objects found in, 197
• Druten-stein, as charm against witches, 469
• Dubois, Dr., his Pithecanthropus, 703
• Dugdale, Sir William, on stone celts, 3
• “Dug-out” canoes hollowed by stag’s horn chisels, 434
• Dunn, Mr. E. J., African drift-implement found by, 653
• Dupont, Dr. E.,
  • on a worn nodule of pyrites, 318;
  • his investigation of Belgian caves, 481;
  • his classification of cave deposits, 482
• D’Urban, the late Mr. W. S. M., on the ballast pit at Broom, 639
• E
• Ear-rings, bronze, in interment, 207
• Earthenware,
  • cup of, in interment, 149;
  • spindle whorls of, 439
• East Anglia, relations of palæolithic deposits in, 577
• Eben, double meaning of, 443
• Echini, fossil, in interments, 468, 469
• Edkins, Mr. Joseph, on stone hatchets in China, 114
• Eggs of wild goose, portions of in Fisherton beds, 631
• Egypt,
  • boring by tubes in, 51;
  • drill and bow used in, 48;
  • early use of sling in, 417;
  • evidence as to date of iron in, 6;
  • flakes from, replaced on each other, 20;
  • meteoric origin of iron used in, 5
• Egyptian arrows,
  • chisel-shaped, 368, 395, 409;
  • blades, leaf-shaped, 8, 354;
  • flint flakes, 287;
  • knives, leaf-shaped, 8;
  • knives of polished stone, 6, 348;
  • knives, ripple-marked, 359;
  • mode of mounting adzes and hatchets, 167, 169;
  • notched hammer, 169;
  • sickle, mounting of flakes in, 297, 358;
  • soldiers, carved wooden, 360;
  • wrist-guards, 430
• Elagabalus, the Syrian god, 10
• Elephant-bed at Brighton, 622
• Elf-arrows, 302–366;
  • -bolts, 387;
  • probable interment of as charms, 397;
  • -darts, mounted as amulets, 365;
  • -shot, arrow-heads as protection against, 365
• Elissa, bronze sickle of, 5
• Embalming, use of stone implement in, 8
• Emery-powder, alleged use of in drilling meres, 52
• Encampments, ancient, presence of flakes in, 280, 281
• Engelhardt, M. C., his method of preserving wood, 152
• Engelhardt, M., on the formation of ground-ice, 671
• Engravings on bone by cave-dwellers, 484, 523, 657
• Enniskillen, late Earl of, on Irish gun-flints, 397
• “Eolithic,” use of term deprecated, 702
• Erosion of valleys, 665–671;
  • chronological data from, 707
• Eskimos,
  • their arrow-flakers, 25, 37, 412, 414;
  • ball-weapon, 219;
  • bone harpoons, 394, 505;
  • bone tool for straightening arrow-shafts, 410;
  • flail stone, 219;
  • “flensing knife,” 292;
  • hammer of jade or nephrite, 25;
  • iron knife of, 293;
  • meteoric iron used by, 5;
  • mode of hafting knives, 347;
  • pyrites, their use of for producing fire, 15, 317;
  • steatite cooking vessel, 451;
  • stone scrapers, 39, 208, 299, 344;
  • stone scrapers used as planes, 299;
  • weighted throw-strings, 422;
  • whetstones for bone implements, 268;
  • wrist-guard, 430
• Etruscan necklaces,
  • arrow-heads as charms in, 65, 366;
  • tombs, gold wreaths for, 84
• Euphotide or Gabbro, hatchet chipped of, 36
• Europe, early use of the bow in, 360
• Evans, Mr. Arthur John,
  • implement found by, 72;
  • Dr. Philip Norman, drift implements found by, 518, 617, 635, 636
• Evolution of arrow-heads, 369
• Experiments
  • on arrow-flaking by pressure, 39;
  • on arrow-shaft forming, 320, 408;
  • on fashioning a hatchet, 36;
  • on drilling bone, 321, 322;
  • on drilling stone, 48, 50;
  • on sawing stone, 45;
  • on tree-cutting, 69, 162;
  • on the wearing of flint flakes, 504;
  • on woodcutting, 297
• External flakes defined, 641
• F
• Fabricators and flaking-tools, 412–416;
  • dagger-hilts used as, 413, 414
• Faces of celts, definition of, 66
• Fairy darts,
  • effect of on cattle, 365, 366;
  • mill-stones, 437
• Falconer, the late Dr. Hugh,
  • on the “bulb of percussion,” 274;
  • his work at Brixham cave, 512;
  • on tooth found at Wookey, 520;
  • on worked flints at Abbeville, 527
• Fauna,
  • climatal changes shown by, 486, 584, 631, 689;
  • mammalian, altered by man, 482;
  • Brixham, 513;
  • of the caves, 479, 483–486;
  • Creswell, 524;
  • French, 510;
  • Happaway, 517;
  • Kent’s Cavern, 507, 508;
  • Long Hole, Gower, 520;
  • Palæolithic and Neolithic compared, 485;
  • Tor Bryan, 517;
  • Welsh, 521;
  • Wookey hyæna den, 519;
  • of the River drift near Aylesford, 611;
  • Bury St. Edmunds, 542, 543;
  • changes of, between Drift and Surface Periods, 704;
  • Fisherton beds, 631;
  • French, 528;
  • Hitchin brick-earth, 537;
  • Lark valley, 543, 550;
  • Little Ouse valley, 551, 556, 561, 569;
  • northern character of in high level gravels, 699;
  • Ouse gravels, 533–538;
  • Spanish, 529;
  • Thames valley, 586, 591;
  • molluscan, at Bury St. Edmunds, 540;
  • of Cam, 539;
  • characteristic of brackish water, in Stour valley, 621;
  • of Fisherton beds, 631;
  • of Hitchin brick-earth, 536;
  • at Hoxne, 575;
  • of Little Ouse valley, 551;
  • marine, in Fen gravels, 681;
  • of Milford Hill, 632;
  • of Ouse gravel, 531–3;
  • at Stutton, 578;
  • in Thames valley, 584, 585
• Feathering of arrow-shafts, 410
• Felsite,
  • hammer-head of, 230;
  • ovate implement of, 591
• Felstone,
  • implements of, 66, 96, 116, 119, 124, 135, 521, 566;
  • spherulitic, celt of, 124
• Fenni, use of bone arrow-heads among the, 361
• Fens, denudation of the, 680, 681
• Fergusson, Mr. James,
  • on the three Periods of antiquities, 3;
  • on changes in the Ganges delta, 667
• Fern roots used as food by the Ahts, 250
• Fibrolite,
  • traces of sawing on French hatchets of, 43;
  • Spanish celt of, 44;
  • hatchet, 144;
  • stone resembling, celt of, 188
• Fibula, pins and skewers made from the, 431
• Fibula, Roman, found with celt in Saxon grave, 144
• “Finger flints,” 416;
  • -ring, spiral, of bronze, 398
• Fire-arms, flints used for, 17
• “Fire-drill,” widespread use of, 48
• Fire,
  • early use of flints for procuring, 15;
  • early modes of producing, 312, 313;
  • use of pyrites in producing, 15, 315;
  • traces of, on bones in caves, 510
• Fish, scales of, in river drift, 540, 541
• Fisher, Rev. Osmond, 538;
  • on successive Palæolithic Periods, 568
• Fishing, mode of twisting lines for, 437
• Fishing-hooks of combined flint and bone, 294
• Fishing Indians, use of sink-stones by, 236
• Flail, military, its nature, 423
• “Flail-stones,” 218, 230;
  • possibly whetstones, 269
• Flakes,
  • bevel-edged, 546, 559;
  • as borers, 321;
  • broad, 701;
  • circular, 341;
  • in caves, 492, &c.;
  • classification of Neolithic, 275;
  • of Palæolithic, 641;
  • effects of different uses on, 289;
  • external, 275, 641;
  • as fish-hooks, 294;
  • flat, 276, 642;
  • hafted, 228, 229, 292, 293, 327;
  • in interments, 279, &c.;
  • leaf-shaped, 326, &c.;
  • long, 28, 35, 641, 642;
  • manufacture, &c., of, 22, 35, 83, 606;
  • manufacture of for gun-flints, 19, 20;
  • minute, 325;
  • modes of fracture of, 272;
  • notched by use, 642;
  • on Palæolithic floor, 586, 598, 606;
  • polygonal, 276, 642, 643;
  • rarely ground at edge, 290;
  • relation of cores to, 20, 31, 272;
  • replacement of, on cores, by Mr. Archer, 20;
  • by Mr. W. Smith, 20, 586, 598, 599;
  • by Mr. Spurrell, 20, 606;
  • ridged, 275, 641;
  • in River Gravels, 536, 546, 555, 586, &c.;
  • on Roman sites, 283;
  • row of, mounted as knives, &c., 293;
  • row of, as armature of sickles, 297;
  • sawing by means of, 45;
  • as scrapers, 298, 312;
  • serrated, 294–297;
  • side scrapers, 548, 643;
  • square-ended, 597;
  • of Surface Period compared with Palæolithic, 642;
  • Swiss, mounted, 292;
  • tools employed for making, 24, 25;
  • triangular, 340, 343;
  • trimmed, 326, &c., 642;
  • wide range of, 283, 288
• Flaking tools, 24, 412;
  • probable uses of, 413;
  • dagger-hilts used as, 414
• Flax,
  • possible use of stone bats in preparing, 257;
  • early use of, for weaving, 436
• “Flensing-knife,”
  • Eskimo, 292;
  • Shetland blades resembling, 347
• “Flint Chips” referred to, 234
• Flint Jack, arrow-heads made by, 42, 659
• Flint-knapping, 17–22
• Flint,
  • alteration in structure of, 494, 489, 497, 498;
  • ancient workshops of, 22, 606;
  • as article of barter, 35, 80;
  • brittle condition of, 558;
  • cutting powers of, 281, 282;
  • difficulty of perforating, 223, 224;
  • durability of, 655;
  • experiments in shaping, 30, 41;
  • flakes and cores of, 20, 31, 272, 279;
  • grinding of, 43;
  • hardened by exposure, 18, 32, 33;
  • importation of, 281;
  • minute tools of, 325;
  • modern ceremonial use of, 9;
  • necessity of, in savage life, 282;
  • ochreous, 536, 553, 597, 602;
  • pits for extraction of, 33, 35, 78, 79;
  • prismatic splitting of, 88;
  • processes for grinding, 43;
  • result of abundance of, in chalk districts, 677;
  • scarcity of in Northern Britain, 580;
  • softening of in red brick-earth, 596;
  • and steel, early use of, 16, 271, 282;
  • and steel, meaning of, in interments, 283;
  • tools for working, 41;
  • use of, with pyrites, 16, 313, 319;
  • whitening of, 494, 498, 499, 545, 549, 596, 611, 619;
  • whitening, cause of, 497;
  • worn by use, 311, 312, 414, 416
• Flints,
  • accidentally fractured, M. Hardy on, 658;
  • heaps of, on Palæolithic floor, 598
• Flood deposits,
  • varying nature of, 668, 669;
  • their removal by subsequent floods, 670
• Floods,
  • their action in valley-erosion, 666, 706;
  • as caused by ground-ice, 671
• “Floor-stone,” gun flints made from, 33
• Flora,
  • temperate, below brick-earth, 537;
  • recent, in Oxford peat, 593;
  • of various climates at Hoxne, 577, 697
• Flower, the late Mr. J. W.,
  • on East Anglian flint implements, 551, 556;
  • on section at Bromehill, 681;
  • on French and English palæolithic implements, 650;
  • on Drift-beds of the Fens, 681;
  • on the Drift-beds of Brandon, 683
• Fluting
  • on arrow-heads, 392;
  • on axe-hammer, 203;
  • on Danish dagger-hilts, 42, 393;
  • on Egyptian blades, 359;
  • probably effected by pressure, 42, 393
• Fluviatile origin of implementiferous beds, 688
• Folklore Society referred to as to fairy darts, 365
• “Food-vessels” in interments, 224, 462
• Fooks, Mr. C. C. S., implement found by, 606
• Forbes, the late Mr. David, Bolivian implements described by, 169, 232, 239
• Forel, Dr. F. A., his experiment in stone-working, 36
• “Forest Bed,” Norfolk, supposed worked flints from, 572
• Forest, submerged, at Bournemouth, 695
• Forgeries
  • of arrow-heads, 42;
  • of Palæolithic implements, 658, 659
• “Fort,” cup found in, 444
• Fossils,
  • ascription of, to diabolical agency, 363;
  • use of, as ornaments, 470, 657;
  • in interments, 466, 469
• Foster, Dr. C. Le Neve, drift implement found by, 610
• Fox, Rev. W., as to origin of Solent Sea, 690
• Fracture of flint, natural and artificial compared, 273
• Fragments of implements, use of, 223, 242, 339
• Frankish Cemeteries, objects found in, 283, 307
• Frankland, Prof., on climatal conditions of glacier formation, 698
• Franks, Sir A. Wollaston,
  • on an abraded pyrites nodule, 318;
  • on hafting of American flint blades, 349;
  • on perforated discs, 439;
  • on present use of stone vessels, 450
• French, Mr. J., drift implements found by, 578
• Frere, Mr. John, his discoveries at Hoxne, 573, 576
• Friction, polish of stone saw by, 295
• Frost, disintegrating effect of, 672
• Fuegians,
  • their arrow chipping, 39, 406;
  • their use of arrow-heads as knives, 334;
  • their mode of fire-producing, 15, 317;
  • their mode of using scrapers, 299
• Fungus, its use as tinder, 16, 317
• Fustibalus, Roman use of the, 418
• Future existence, belief in, implied by objects in interments, 84, 283
• G
• Gabbro, tools for flint-working made of, 22
• Gaillard, M. F., Breton finds of pyrites and flint by, 318
• Gallas, form of scraper among the, 299
• Games, possible use of stone balls in, 244, 245
• Ganges, estimate of detritus carried by, 667
• Gastaldi, Prof.,
  • on arrow-head superstitions, 367;
  • engravings by, 120, 200, 333, 337
• Gatty, Rev. Reginald A., on minute flint tools, 325
• Gaudry, M., sections of San Isidro valley by, 529
• Gaul, Celtic, importation of amber from, 449
• Gaulish coins, stone hatchet found with, 144
• Gautier de Bibelesworth quoted as to slickstones, 441
• Gaviller, Mr. G. H., oval implement found by, 584
• Gay, the late Mr., 178
• Geikie, Sir Archibald,
  • on lowering of river-basins, 668;
  • on chronology of valley erosion, 705, 706
• Gems on hilt of Mexican chalcedony blade, 355
• Geological data as to antiquity of man in Britain, 704, &c.
• George, Mr. T., his find at Elton, 573
• Georgius Agricola on thunderbolts, 64
• Germany, superstitions in, regarding celts, 57, 58
• Gesenius, his mention of stone knives in Palestine, 9
• Gibb, Dr. G. D., drift implement found by, 617
• Gibraltar, objects found in caves of, 177, 182, 252, 287, 428, 433
• Gimawong, sacrificial use of stone in honour of, 10
• Glacial deposit,
  • celt found in gravel of, 136;
  • deposit in Little Ouse valley, 682;
  • Period, flint-bearing deposits subsequent to, 697;
  • Period, attempt to date astronomically, 705;
  • Periods, their relation to Palæolithic periods, 568
• Glaciers, heat action indicated by, 698
• Gladstone, Dr. J. H., broad flake found by, 606
• Glandes, the Roman sling-stones, 418
• Glass
  • beads in barrows, 437, 456;
  • modern ceremonial use of flakes of, 9;
  • “slickstones” of, 441, 442
• Glossiness
  • of surface of palæolithic implements, 659;
  • to what cause due, 660
• Glossopetra, Pliny’s account of the, 363
• Glovemakers, recent use of stone nodules by, 416
• Godwin-Austen, Mr. R. A. C.,
  • his exploration of Kent’s Cavern, 489;
  • on gravels of Wey valley, 594;
  • on origin of Bournemouth gravels, 694;
  • on former temperature of English Channel, 701
• Gneiss, hammers of, 221, 223, 224
• Gnostic inscriptions, Egyptian celt bearing, 60, 61
• Goat’s horn, use of, by Mexicans in arrow making, 39
• Gog and Magog, their military flail, 423
• Gold,
  • armilla of, 460;
  • box-like objects of, 460;
  • circular ornaments of, 427;
  • cup of, in barrow, 449;
  • engraved haft of, with Egyptian blade, 359;
  • on handle of bronze dagger, 227;
  • perforated studs covered with, 456;
  • plates of, in barrow, 227, 428
• Gold mines of Egypt, bronze chisels in, 6
• Gooch, Mr. W. D., on African palæolithic implements, 653
• Goose, wild, remains of in Fisherton drift beds, 631
• Gordon, Robert, of Straloch, on elf-darts, 364
• Gouges,
  • abundance of, in Scandinavia, 178;
  • bronze mould for, 269;
  • Irish, 181;
  • rare in Britain, 178
• Granite,
  • ball of, in Kent’s Cavern, 503;
  • blocks of, used as anvils, 245;
  • celt of, 108;
  • hammer stone of, in Kent’s Cavern, 503;
  • hand-mills of, in recent use, 253;
  • ironing stones of, 443;
  • perforated axes of, 195, 198;
  • polished hammer of, 222;
  • saddle-quern of, 252;
  • wedge-shaped blades of, 97;
  • water-worn fragments of, in Bournemouth gravels, 694
• Grass, asserted hafting of implement with, 645
• Grass-tree, Australian use of gum from the, 170
• Grattoirs, 298
• Grattoir-bec, 305
• Gravel,
  • pipes of in chalk, 551;
  • bones of animals smaller than man not found in, 656
• Gravel Hill, Brandon, 562–567
• Gravels,
  • French, 526–8, 698;
  • Spanish, &c., 529;
  • English, 530 et seq.;
  • deposited, transported, and re-laid, 670, 693, 700;
  • nature of, governed by local causes, 678;
  • see “Sections”;
  • relations of to Boulder Clay, 577, 685, 697
• Graves, Rev. J., on recent use of a quern, 258
• Greece and Italy,
  • precedence of bronze to iron in, 6;
  • obsidian cores from, 28;
  • stone implements as thunderbolts in, 59
• Greek language,
  • priority of bronze and iron shown by, 5;
  • inscription on celt, 61, 62
• Greeks,
  • their reverence for the hatchet, 62;
  • use of sling bullets among the, 418
• Greenhill, Mr. J. E., on the London gravels, 586
• Greenland,
  • fish-hook in grave in, 294;
  • harpoon points of chalcedony in, 405
• Greenough map, the, referred to, 683
• Greenstone celt, sawing of, with flint flake, 45
• Greenwell, Canon, his explorations
  • at Grime’s Graves, 33, 40;
  • of barrows, passim
• Gregory, Mr. A. G., on stone-working in Australia, 26
• Grew, Dr. Nehemiah, on “the flat Bolthead,” 364
• Grewingk, Herr, on stone-boring tools, 47
• Griffiths, Rev. Dr., ovate implements found by, 601
• Grime’s Graves, explorations by Canon Greenwell at, 33, 40
• Grinding implements,
  • absence of, in palæolithic times, 649;
  • corn, mediæval litigation as to, 25;
  • corn in Ireland, 251;
  • maize, Kaffir mill for, 250
• Grinding stones and whetstones, 261–271;
  • in interments, 83, 84;
  • fixed, not revolving, 43, 261;
  • Scandinavian, 43, 261
• Grit, from mill-stones, teeth worn by, 253
• Grooved hammers, 233–236;
  • sharpening stone from La Madelaine, 484
• Grooves
  • worked on axes, 168, 169, 211, 212;
  • for hafting, on hammer stones, 233;
  • on rocks, due to sharpening tools, 262;
  • pebbles with, 271
• Grottoes, funereal, 160
• Ground-ice, formation of, 671
• Guanches, obsidian knives used by the, 8
• Guernsey, manufactory of arrow-heads in, 401
• Gum, Australian implements hafted with, 97, 137
• Gun-flints, present manufacture of, 14, 18
• Gutsmuths on ancient stone-boring, 49
• Gutteridge, Mr. William, drift implement found by, 598
• H
• Habits of Palæolithic Period, 656–658
• Hâches à bouton and à tête, 135
• Hacket, Mr., Indian quartzite implement found by, 651
• Hacquet, M., on the manufacture of gun-flints, 18, 21
• Hæmatite,
  • celts made of, 127;
  • hammer of, 219;
  • scraped, for personal decoration, 248, 263, 264, 312, 484;
  • sling bullets of, 418
• Haft
  • of celt, carved, 152;
  • of Mexican blade, jewelled, 355
• Hafts,
  • club-like, 155;
  • forked, for hatchets, 163, 164
• Hafted celts, discoveries of, 151–155
• Hafting,
  • Carib method of, 155;
  • contrivances for assisting, 141, 151–172;
  • of daggers by split wood, 349;
  • of flakes, 288, 289, 292, 293, 502;
  • by flexible wooden binding, 167;
  • of flint blade by moss, 349;
  • of hammers with small perforations, 217;
  • of Maori chisels, 178;
  • by means of growing wood, 155, 218;
  • of spear-heads, 350, 351
• Hakke, or hoes, 191
• Halberd, meaning of, 146
• Halliwell, Mr., on the Stone axe, 146
• Hallstatt,
  • objects from, 460, 464, 465;
  • ornaments from, 84;
  • perforated whetstones, 269;
  • transitional period of cemetery of, 7
• Hamard, Abbé, his researches at Hermes, 314
• Hammers,
  • barrel-shaped, 224;
  • boulders used as, 234;
  • broken celt converted into, 242;
  • for chipping flints, 248–258;
  • conical, 223;
  • cylindrical, 224;
  • with depressions of faces, 239, 240;
  • egg-shaped, 224, 225;
  • Eskimo, 25;
  • grooved, 233–236;
  • from Kent’s Cavern, 503;
  • ornamented, 226;
  • horn, in contracted interment, 434;
  • ovoid pebbles perforated for, 228;
  • of peculiar forms, 219;
  • perforated, 217–232;
  • possible use of, as weapons, 220, 221;
  • Purgatory, 183;
  • of stag’s horn, 35, 41, 434;
  • stone, still used in Iceland, 11
• Hammer-stones,
  • in barrows, 235, &c.;
  • of bronze, 246;
  • cavities worked in, 238;
  • definition of, 238;
  • with depressions of faces, 240–246;
  • discoidal, 249;
  • flint, at Cissbury, 32;
  • grooved for hafting, 233;
  • made from cores, 248;
  • North American, 241;
  • palæolithic, 536;
  • on Palæolithic floor, 606;
  • perforated, abundance of in Ireland, 232;
  • polished by use, 248;
  • ridges on, 246
• Hand, implements adapted for holding in the, 136, 140, 151, 358, 552, 557, 645
• Hand-hatchets, 137
• Hand-mills of stone,
  • recent use of, 253;
  • with rotatory upper stone, 258
• Handle,
  • jewelled, of Mexican blade, 355;
  • skin, of flint flake, 293;
  • of turned stone cups, how left, 446, 447;
  • wooden, of celts, 119, 152;
  • wooden, of celts, rare in Britain, 151;
  • wooden, of stag’s horn axe, 434
• Handled celt, representation of in dolmen, 153
• “Handled wedges,” 205
• Hardening of flints by exposure, 32
• Hardy, M. Michel, on accidentally fractured flints, 658
• Harland, Mr. H. S., grinding tools found by, 266
• Harpoon-heads,
  • of horn or bone, in French caves, 484;
  • of horn in Kent’s Cavern, 504;
  • Eskimo, single barbed, 394;
  • perforated, 410;
  • of quartz in S. America, 407
• Harrison, Mr. Benjamin,
  • as to drift caps on chalk downs, 608;
  • implements found and given by, 92, 174, 198, 604, 611
• Hastings, stone missiles probably used at Battle of, 147
• Hatchets,
  • Australian, fitted with handles, 70;
  • bronze, Egyptian, 169;
  • butt-end roughened for socketing, 46;
  • of Danish type, 68, 69;
  • hafting of, 151, 161;
  • oblique-bladed, 152;
  • of one piece with handle, 171;
  • sacred importance of, with Greeks, 62;
  • stone, form of, affected by bronze influences, 75;
  • stone, method of forming, 31;
  • with loop for suspension, 171;
  • with semicircular cutting edge, 136;
  • worn, re-chipping of, 102;
  • nuclei made into, at Spiennes, 35
• Hawk, skull of, in interment, 429
• Hawkins, Mr. C. E., drift implement found by, 612
• Haynes, Prof., Egyptian implements found by, 652
• Heaps of flints prepared for slingers, 419
• Heathery Burn Cave, bronze and bone objects in, 432
• Hellebarde, etymology of, 146
• Helwing on the true nature of celts, 63
• Hemp,
  • absent from Lake Dwellings, 436;
  • possible use of stone bats in preparing, 257
• Hernandez, his account of obsidian-working, 24
• Herodotus
  • on the ritual use of stone, 8;
  • on the arrows used by the army of Xerxes, 368;
  • on the featherless arrows of the Lycians, 410
• Hesiod,
  • his mention of the early use of bronze, 4;
  • as to the feathering of the arrows of Hercules, 410
• Hickes, Dr., on the shooting of elf-arrows, 366
• Hicks, Dr. H., on date of Welsh caves, 521
• Hides,
  • importance of, in savage life, 311;
  • present use of stone scrapers in preparing 36, 299;
  • stone implements possibly hafted by, 217, 235;
  • stones used for smoothing, 442;
  • wear of implements by scraping, 332;
  • wet, assagai-beads bound on by, 410
• Hildebrand and Hadubrand, song of, 146
• Hill-forts, querns found in, 259
• Hilton, Mr. R., 94, 341;
  • drift implements found by, 622
• Hilts of flint daggers, their probable use as flaking tools, 413
• Hindoos, pebble superstition among, 568
• Hippopotamus, its evidence as to former volume of English rivers, 699, 700
• Hoare, Sir Richard Colt,
  • examination of barrows by, 143, 148, 210, 211, 227, 244, 260, 280, 291, 308, 314, 352;
  • on pebbles in tumuli, 443;
  • on whetstones, 268
• Hoe,
  • use of stone implements as, 71, 191;
  • of stag’s horn with handle attached, 434
• Hoe-like implements in Mexico, 216
• Holes through stones, natural, utilization of, 225, 226
• Hollow scrapers, 319, 320
• Hollowing canoes,
  • stone gouges for, 178;
  • wapiti horn used for, 434
• Holmes, Mr. W. H., on a chert quarry in Missouri, 80
• Homer, mention of bronze arms in, 4, 368
• Hones, 268, 269;
  • burial of, 208
• Hone-stone,
  • celts of, 96, 105, 106, 117, 120, 121;
  • green, hollow adze of, 180
• Hornblendes, various, implements of, 125, 128, 206, 224, 230
• Horse, representation of, on bone, 523
• Horse trappings, late Celtic, pebbles found with, 442
• Houghton, Mr. W. H., drift implement found by, 572
• Hove, amber cup found at, 449
• Hoxne,
  • brick-field at, 574;
  • climatal changes shown by, 697;
  • implements found at, 374
• Hughes, Prof. T. McK.,
  • cave researches by, 521;
  • drift implements found by, 539, 611;
  • on production of flint flakes, 272
• Human race,
  • evidence for antiquity of, 658, &c.;
  • palæolithic evidence for unity of, 654;
  • probable origin in favourable climate, 703
• Human remains
  • in palæolithic caves, 487, 517;
  • in gravel pit, 542;
  • in Thames gravel, doubtful evidence of, 607;
  • causes of their rarity, 656, 669, 702;
  • in Seine valley, 703
• Huntley, the late Dowager Marchioness, implements found by, 573
• Hurons, asserted methods of hafting among, 155, 218
• Hut-circles,
  • hammer-stones found in, 234;
  • discoidal stones in, 244;
  • saddle-quern in, 251;
  • scraper in, 309;
  • spindle whorls in, 438;
  • whetstones in, 270;
  • worn pebbles in, 248
• Hyænas,
  • alternate occupation of caves by man and, 519;
  • absent from Kent’s Cavern, 508
• Hydrobia marginata, former presence of, in England, 531, 533, 539, 584, 586
• I
• Ice,
  • possible action of, in Darent gravel-bed, 610;
  • transporting power of, 671, 672
• Ice-chisels, possible use of early implements as, 645, 654
• Iceland, stone hammers in use in, 11
• Ichthyophagi, the, Diodorus on their use of stone, 288
• Icklingham, gun-flint factory formerly at, 14
• “Imp-stones,” 437
• Implements,
  • palæolithic, chronology of, retrogressive, 473;
  • from caves and drift compared, 474;
  • large, rarity of in caves, 475;
  • with extinct fauna, 481–486, 490, &c., 513, 620, 701;
  • of caves, classification of, 483, 484;
  • joined up, 20, 514, 586;
  • British area of, 524, 580;
  • of the River Drifts, 526 et seq.;
  • of materials other than flint, 565, &c.;
  • below the Palæolithic floor, 586, 591;
  • first discovery of in quaternary beds, 581;
  • beneath mammoth remains, 630;
  • classification of, 640, 648;
  • compared with neolithic, 648–650, 657;
  • from Asia and Africa, 650;
  • forms of, almond-shaped, 529, 540, 557, 647;
  • bevel-edged, 546, 559;
  • broad and short, 594;
  • circular, 559, 608;
  • crescent-like, 559, 571, 647;
  • discoidal, 648;
  • flat-faced, 645;
  • kite-shaped, 492, 542, 593, 644;
  • lanceolate, 554;
  • large and heavy, 532, 569, 613;
  • lozenge-shaped, 647;
  • oblique-edged, 567, 568;
  • oval, 589, 625, 604, 629;
  • ovate, 515, &c., 593, &c., 602, 618;
  • ovoid, 492, 493;
  • perch-backed, 646, 647;
  • pointed, 557, 563, 603, 613, 644, &c.;
  • scraper-shaped, 500, 632;
  • sharp-rimmed, 642, 647, 701;
  • shoe-shaped, 537, 554, 593, 645;
  • tongue-shaped, 539, 572, 644, 649;
  • triangular, 492;
  • wedge-shaped, 529
• Incantations regarding stones, 469
• “Incense-cup” in barrow, 211
• Incisions on bone objects, 523, 656
• India,
  • small chalcedony cores in, 23;
  • superstitious reverence for jade in, 60;
  • celts in, 88, 89;
  • ivory wrist-guard used in, 430
• Indians,
  • North American, arrows, 370;
  • Californian, arrow-chipping by, 39;
  • Californian, obsidian worked by, 27;
  • Cloud River, arrow-chipping by, 39;
  • of Ecuador, axe-mounting among, 170;
  • flaking tools of, 24;
  • fleshing instruments, 126;
  • hatchets, 97;
  • hatchets, mounting of, 168;
  • holes drilled by, 50, 52;
  • lozenge-shaped lance-heads, 372;
  • pyrites used among, for fire-producing, 317;
  • quoits, 440;
  • Snake River, obsidian-working by, 40;
  • tomahawks made by, 52
• Indra, hammer as attribute of, 62
• Indus, large nuclei from banks of, 23
• Ingram, the Rev. Canon, as to bracers, 429
• Interments,
  • stone and bronze found together in, 123, 143, &c.;
  • primary and secondary, mixing of, 210, 211;
  • Saxon, with quern, 259;
  • late presence of flint in, 282;
  • objects accompanying, passim;
  • burnt, objects found with, 96, 105, 186, 194, 197, 210, 253, 291, 330, 377, 398, &c.;
  • contracted, cause of position, 149;
  • objects found in, 230, 280, 371, 385, 429, &c.
• Intrenchments, old, relation of sling-stones to, 419
• Ireland,
  • abundance of flint arrow-heads in, 399, 408;
  • arrow-heads relatively larger in, 400;
  • blades of slaty stone in, 353;
  • flint celts rare in, 84, 133;
  • late use of stone implements in, 11;
  • recent use of stone anvils in, 232;
  • superstitions in, concerning celts, 57
• Iron Age,
  • Bronze Age succeeded by, 5;
  • grooved stones with objects of the, 271;
  • axe-head in barrow, 463;
  • axes, French, resembling stone types, 205;
  • blades, Eskimo, skin-hafted, 293;
  • late use of, in Egypt, 6;
  • date of discovery as given by Arundelian marbles, 4;
  • early use of, in Britain, 10;
  • infrequent mention of by Homer, 4;
  • knife, 487;
  • meteoric, probably first used, 5;
  • -mould, staining of scrapers by, 315;
  • objects of, in interments, 210, 394, 397, 438, 455;
  • ore in barrow, 263, 313, 338;
  • Period, Early, “strike-a-light” stones of the, 241;
  • pick-axe in old workings of lead mine, 234;
  • used for pins of querns, 259
• Ironing stones of granite, 443
• Iron-stone,
  • Sussex, celt of, 84;
  • axe-head of, 186;
  • cave implement of, 522
• Iroquois,
  • the use of pump drill by, 48;
  • sword of, 294
• Isle of Wight,
  • severance of, from mainland, 690;
  • former extent of, 693
• Italy,
  • arrow-head superstitions in, 367;
  • iron preceded by bronze in, 5;
  • ridged flake in, 327;
  • stone “thunderbolts” in, 59
• Ivory,
  • articles of, at Paviland, 487;
  • carved bracers of, 430;
  • fossil, used by Eskimos for arrow-flaking, 37;
  • fossil, Eskimo scraper hafted in, 298;
  • fossil, present use of, in Siberia, 488;
  • plates of, in necklaces, 457;
  • rod of, in Brixham cave, 516;
  • spindle-whorls of, 439;
  • used for shafting arrows of Bushmen, 410
• J
• Jacquard, M. Ed., on “Céraunies,” 57
• Jade,
  • adzes, New Zealand, 166, 167;
  • boring of, in New Zealand, 46;
  • celts of, 109, 114;
  • discs of, 216;
  • Eskimo hammer of, 25;
  • found in Europe, 110;
  • Maori chisels of, 178;
  • sawing of, 45;
  • wooden-hafted blade of, 299
• Jade-like stone, French chisel of, 176
• Jadeite,
  • celt of, worn as charm, 57;
  • celts of, 58, 107, 129;
  • celts of, in Brittany dolmens, 109
• Japan,
  • European appearance of arrow-heads from, 405;
  • stone axes considered as thunderbolts in, 59;
  • stone blades from, 355
• Jasper,
  • flakes, cutting power of, 6;
  • hammer-head of, 229;
  • pendants of, 465;
  • scraper of, 310;
  • Spanish flake of, 287
• Java, stone axes in, 59
• Javelins and arrow-heads, 360–411;
  • distinction between, 370
• Javelin-heads
  • in interments, 371, 455;
  • Australian mode of shafting, 288;
  • Irish, with polished faces, 372;
  • Italian, 333;
  • present use of flakes as, 288;
  • stemmed, 379
• Jaw-bone of animal, implement formed from, 434
• Jaw, human, from Moulin-Quignon, 703
• Jeffreys, the late Mr. J. Gwyn, 345
• Jet,
  • armlets of, 464;
  • beads, 309;
  • beads, oblong, 149;
  • buttons, 265, 398, 453;
  • cone of, 308, 352;
  • necklaces of, 456–463;
  • ornaments of, 332, 385, 394;
  • rings, 265, 426;
  • rings associated with studs, 266, 454;
  • Solinus on the properties of, 464
• Jewitt, the late Mr. Llewellynn, on elf-arrows, 366
• Jews,
  • modern, ceremonial use of flint by, 9;
  • their use of stone-struck fire, 16
• Jones, Prof. Rupert, on the London gravels, 586
• Joshua,
  • his ceremonial use of stone knives, 9;
  • discovery of flint flakes in tomb of, 9
• Judd, Prof. J. W., drift implement found by, 611
• K
• Kaffirs,
  • their present use of stone implements, 11;
  • their present use of bed-stone and rolling pin, 250;
  • their mode of shafting assagais, 410
• Kahun, manufacture of stone implements at, 45
• Keller, Dr.,
  • on the tools of Moosseedorf, 22;
  • on sawing stone implements, 44;
  • on tube-boring, 49, 50;
  • referred to, 159, 162, 242, 310, 323;
  • on weights for weaving, 443
• Kemble, Mr., on stones in Teutonic tombs, 468
• Kennett, Bishop, quoted as to slickstones, 441
• Kentmann, thunderbolts described by, 63, 64
• Kent’s Cavern, Torquay,
  • awl of bone from, 506;
  • bone, objects of, 504–506;
  • bones, mineral condition of, 508;
  • bronze objects in upper layer, 492;
  • charcoal in, 492, 511;
  • co-existence of man with extinct animals in, 510;
  • cores and hammers from, 503;
  • correlation of, with foreign caves, 511;
  • deposits of, 491;
  • examinations of, 488–491;
  • fauna of, neolithic, 508;
  • fauna of, palæolithic, 507;
  • flakes from, 498, &c.;
  • flint implements from, 492–503;
  • harpoons, 504;
  • human remains, 492;
  • implements below the stalagmite, 489;
  • implements, neolithic, from upper layers, 492;
  • needle of bone, 321, 506;
  • pin, 506;
  • sabre-toothed tiger, 508;
  • scrapers, 500, 502;
  • whetstone, 504
• Kerr, Mr. Richard, ovate implement found by, 621
• Kilkenny, modern use of quern in, 258
• Kimmeridge coal,
  • beads of, 309;
  • buttons of, 455;
  • “coal money,” how made, 465;
  • shale, bead of, 463;
  • shale, ring of, 456;
  • shale, saucer of, 445;
  • shale, waste pieces of from lathe, 447, 465
• King, Mr. C. W., on an engraved Egyptian celt, 60
• Kintore, Earl of, battle-axe presented to Edinburgh Museum by, 197
• Kioway Indians, stone hammer used by, 235
• Kirchner on stone-boring, 51
• Kirwan, Rev. R.,
  • on a worn perforated pebble, 225;
  • on turned stone cups, 445, 447, 448
• Kist-vaen, vessels found in, 450
• Kite-shaped palæolithic implements, 542, 592, 644
• Kjökken-möddings,
  • Danish, axes of the, 68;
  • flakes in, 280, 286;
  • hatchets from, 32;
  • motive for their position, 479;
  • post-Roman, hammer-stones in, 247;
  • scrapers, 310;
  • serrated flints in, 296;
  • sling-stones in, 419
• Klah-o-quat Indians, their wapiti-horn chisels, 434
• Klebs, Dr. R., on amber ornaments of Stone Age, 450
• Knife Gallery, Brixham, 514
• Knife-shaped implements, 535, 646
• Knives,
  • blunted at one edge, 335, 336;
  • bronze, 5;
  • chipped, not ground, 356;
  • circular, 341, 342;
  • curved, 355–358;
  • Egyptian, 8, 354, 359;
  • Eskimo, of meteoric iron, 5;
  • fluted, 359;
  • flint, 290, 356, &c.;
  • ground, from Scotland, 338;
  • hafting of, 346;
  • horseshoe-shaped, 342;
  • Japanese, 355;
  • of mica-schist, 381;
  • peculiar, in Lake dwellings, 348;
  • Picts’, perforated, 346;
  • Picts’, probably handled, 347;
  • of polished slate, 358;
  • Scandinavian, of slate, 404;
  • serrated, 331;
  • of small flakes continuously mounted, 277, 293;
  • of stone, ceremonial use of, 8–10;
  • triangular, 340, 343
• “Knockin’-stones” in Scotland, 11
• Knowles, the late Rev. Dr., 138
• Kotzebue Gulf, arrow-flaker from, 38
• Kruse on perforated axes, 184
• L
• Labour necessary for stone-working, 107, 226, 231
• Lafitau on the time required for tomahawk-making, 52
• Laing, the late Mr. S., rude implements found by, in Caithness, 281
• Lake-dwellings,
  • arrow-heads of, 402;
  • axes, socketed, in, 158;
  • corn-crushers in, 246;
  • flakes in, 281–287;
  • grinding-stones in, 262;
  • handled flakes from, 292;
  • mealing-stones in, 250;
  • narrow rubbers in, 267;
  • perforated hammer, 232;
  • perforated whetstones, 269;
  • scrapers, 310, 318;
  • slings of flax, 417;
  • spinning and weaving in, 436;
  • stag’s horn sockets, 43, 136, 161, 177;
  • wooden spindle-whorls, 439
• La Madelaine, characteristics of Age of, 484
• Lamiarum sagittas, 362
• Lamps of stone, 445, 450, 451
• Landon, Mr. Joseph, examination of Rea gravels by, 578
• Lance-heads,
  • from barrows, 333;
  • of bone, 431;
  • flakes used as, 288;
  • of flint, 348–351;
  • fluted, at Sourdes, 43;
  • lozenge-shaped, 372;
  • notched, in Norway, 404
• Lane-Fox, Col., see Rivers, Gen. Pitt.
• Langues-de-chat, 644
• Lapis lydius, celt of, 114
• Lapps,
  • the, divination by stones among the, 470;
  • flint and steel buried with the, 283;
  • their use of sinews for thread, 507
• Lark River, older representative of the, 682
• Lartet, Prof. E.,
  • on boring with flint flakes, 321;
  • his chronological classification of caves, 481;
  • experiments with flint tools, 507;
  • on grattoirs, 298
• Lartet, Prof. Louis, his Spanish finds, 529
• Lasham, Mr. Frank, on the gravels of the Wey valley, 595
• Lastic, Vicomte de, his cave at Bruniquel, 296
• Latchmore, Mr. Frank, drift implements found by, 536, 602, 604
• “Late-Celtic” Period, stone ornamentation of, 260
• “Lateritic” beds in Madras, implements found in, 651, 654
• Lathe,
  • amber cup turned in, 449;
  • use of, probably pre-Roman, 446;
  • for turning cups, 446;
  • for turning spindle-whorls, 438;
  • “coal money” the waste product of, 465
• Lauth, Prof., on the origin of iron in Egypt, 5
• Lavers, Mr. Edward, ovate implement found by, 578
• Lawrence, Mr. G. F., implements found by, 111, 604
• Layton, Mr. T., Thames finds in possession of, 74, 161
• Lead,
  • present use of for Bolas, 422;
  • sling bullets of, 418;
  • spindle-whorls of, 439
• Lead-mines, implements found in, 234
• Leather,
  • celts buried in case of, 109;
  • method of sewing, 433;
  • scrapers for preparing, 311;
  • stones used in preparation of, 440;
  • stones used for smoothing seams in, 443
• Leech, Mr. Thomas, implements found by, at Reculver, 613
• Left-handedness, early evidence as to, 429
• Leg-bones of animal,
  • chisels of, 434;
  • implements made from, 431;
  • used as net-sinkers, 237
• Lehaie, M. A. Houzeau de, on the flint factory at Spiennes, 34
• Lemming,
  • remains of, at Wookey, 519;
  • remains of in Fisherton beds, 631;
  • remains of, as indicative of climate, 699
• Le Moustier, Age of, implements of, 483, 496
• Leonora Christina, Princess, flint used by for cutting, 348
• Lepic, Vicomte, his suggestions as to mounting stone implements, 162
• Lepsius on Egyptian flakes, 287
• Lewis and Clarke quoted as to pogamoggon, 424
• Lightning,
  • connection of stone implements with, 63;
  • stone implements as safeguards against, 145, 361
• Lightning-teeth, stone axes known as, in Java, 59
• Lignite,
  • rings of, in urn, 465;
  • pendant of, 466
• Limestone,
  • buttons of, 453;
  • celt of, 122;
  • oolitic, knife of, 345;
  • rocks, caves in, 520, 522
• Lindenschmit,
  • on stone-boring, 49;
  • referred to, 163, 177, 191, 194, 232
• Lindsay, Dr. W. Lauder, on Maori hatchets, 172
• Linen, polishing of, by slickstones, 441
• Lingue di San Paolo, 367
• Lisch on stone-boring, 49
• Lithuania, central core from tube-boring found in, 47
• Little, Mr. W. C., on the development of flint arrows, 369
• Livres de beurre, 27
• Loadstone, sling bullets of, 418
• Loams, red, in caves, 479
• Loir et Cher, manufacture of gun-flints in, 15
• Londesborough, objects found by the late Lord, in barrows, 148, 160, 290, 328
• Long barrows,
  • flakes in, 280;
  • leaf-shaped arrow-heads peculiar to, 399
• Long Hole, Gower, fauna of and flints from, 520
• Longman, Mr. C. J., his series of early bracers, 430
• Longpérier, M., on hatchet worship, 62
• Looms, early, use of weights in, 443
• Lorraine, Prince François de, Turkish stone hatchet presented to, 59
• Lottin, Dr., on the manufacture of gun-flints, 18
• Lower Tertiary conglomerate,
  • flakes of, 281;
  • querns of, 259;
  • pebble, palæolithic implement made from, 613
• Lubbock, Sir John,
  • Algerian implement found by, 652;
  • on the comparative numbers of men and objects of chase, 656;
  • as to date of Glacial Period, 705;
  • names of Neo- and Palæolithic due to, 12, 474;
  • referred to, 272, 299, 310;
  • on sling-stones, 419;
  • on the uses of stone implements, 655
• Luco, Abbé, pyrites and flint found by, in dolmen, 318
• “Lucky Stones,” virtues of, 469
• Lucretius as to successive Periods of culture, 4
• Lukis, Capt., polished celt found by, with skeleton, 149
• Lukis, the late F. C., M.D.,
  • on the connection between celts and lightning, 57;
  • on elf-arrows and elf-darts, 365;
  • on the handling of celts, 171;
  • oval armlet found by, 464;
  • referred to, 127, 141
• Lukis, the late Rev. W. C., of Wath, referred to, 188, 204, 240, 268
• Lycians, the, their arrows featherless, 410
• Lydian stone,
  • celt of, 115, 167;
  • Irish flakes of, 281, 291
• Lye, his dictionary referred to as to stone bill, 145
• Lyell, Sir Charles,
  • on the Fisherton beds, 630;
  • on the formation of caverns, 480;
  • on geological changes near Wookey, 519;
  • as to Glacial Period, 705;
  • on rhinoceros in Gower, 520;
  • on river action, 663;
  • on the Shasta method of arrow-chipping, 40
• Lyme Regis, manufactory of flint implements at, 35
• Lyon, Mr. Caleb, on Shasta arrow-head making, 40
• Lysons, Mr. Samuel, excavations at Witcombe, 144
• Lyttelton, Bishop, on stone hatchets, 3, 202, 204
• M
• Mace-head, lenticular, of breccia, 232
• Maces, flints naturally perforated used for, 184
• Maces, see Hammers
• MacEnery, the Rev. J., his researches in Kent’s Cavern, 488, 495
• Machairodus, the, 508, 524
• Maghara,
  • copper mines of, 6;
  • stone hammers at, 230;
  • flint arrow-head from, 405
• Mahanuddy, small nuclei from banks of, 23
• Mahudel, on the early use of stone, 3
• Maize,
  • Kaffir mill for grinding, 250;
  • stone pestles for crushing, 257
• Mallet, Indian mode of hafting, 239
• Malleus fulmineus, 63
• Mammoth, caves of the Age of the, 481
• Man,
  • antiquity of in Britain, 703;
  • his co-existence with extinct animals, 474, 508, 513, 524, 700, &c.;
  • early occupation of caves, 475, 480, &c.;
  • mammalian fauna altered by, 482
• Mandingoes, single-barbed arrows of the, 394
• Manethonian dynasty, the third, use of grooved hammers in, 235
• Manganese, dendritic markings due to presence of, 660
• Mangles, Mr. H. A., drift implements found in Wey valley by, 595
• Manning, Mr. Percy, implements found by, near Oxford, 594
• Mantell, the late Dr., 84, 148, 308
• Manufactories of flint implements, 34, 268, 280, 359, 401, 402;
  • at Cissbury, 79;
  • at Crayford, 606;
  • in Guernsey, 401;
  • at the Lake of Varese, 402;
  • at Lyme Regis, 35;
  • at Massingham Heath, 83;
  • at Moosseedorf, 22;
  • “wasters” found at, 80, 649
• Maoris,
  • Bows Unknown Among the, 360;
  • their jade chisels, 178;
  • uses of the “Toki” among the, 172
• Marathon, source of stone arrow-heads at, 368, 403
• Marbodæus quoted as to the ceraunius, 64
• Marcou, M., on N. American mauls, 235
• Marine deposits in Fen gravels, 681
• Marmot
  • in Crayford beds, 607;
  • in Fisherton beds, 631;
  • presence of, indicative of climate, 699
• Marrow of bones, a primitive delicacy, 504, 657
• Marten, Mr. John, drift implement found by, 620
• Martha’s Hof, celt kept in a granary at, 58
• Martin, Mr. C. Wykeham, scraper found by, 309
• Mas d’Azil, painted pebbles in cave of, 484, 485
• Mason, Mr. Otis T., “on aboriginal skin-dressing,” 299
• Massagetæ, their bronze arrow-heads, 368
• Materials of which British celts are made, 65, 66, &c.;
  • relative durability of, 655
• Matter, solid, amount of in turbid water, 667
• Mauls, stone, method of hafting, 169;
  • in old copper workings, 233
• Mealing-stones,
  • Absent in Palæolithic Times, 657;
  • and muller, 251;
  • from Swiss Lake-dwelling, 246, 250;
  • on the site of Troy, 253
• Medicinal powers, supposed, of stone implements, 271, 365, 437
• Meillet, M.,
  • referred to, 327;
  • on the causes of alteration in flint, 497
• “Mell” for preparing barley, 451
• Memnon, bronze sword of, 4
• Mentone, intermediate age of deposits in caves near, 475, 487
• Mercati, his suggestion as to the origin of celts, 62
• Meres,
  • New Zealand, difficulty of boring, 52;
  • mode of using, 118;
  • as denoting chieftainship, 226
• Merewether, the late Dean, implements found by, 309
• Meriones, bronze arrow of, 4
• Merovingian interments,
  • flint chips in, 283;
  • flint implements in, 144, 145;
  • iron arrow-heads in, 394;
  • iron-mounted scrapers in, 314;
  • stone objects in, 470
• Mesolithic, use of term deprecated, 702
• Metal-working,
  • possible use of, small hammers for, 223;
  • stone discs perhaps connected with, 257
• Meteoric iron, probably the first used, 5
• Mexican arrow-heads, 24, 39;
  • English appearance of, 406;
  • blade with original handle, 355;
  • flakes of obsidian, 288;
  • hafting of metal axes, 155, 156;
  • obsidian cores, 23;
  • obsidian razors, 290;
  • obsidian swords, 294
• Meyer, Dr. A. B., his catalogue of jade objects, 110
• “Meyrick’s Armour” referred to, 200
• Mica schist,
  • with garnets, celt of, 97;
  • battle-axe of, 197;
  • hammer of, 225
• Micaceous grit,
  • axe-head of, 195;
  • celt of, 97;
  • perforated adze of, 189
• Mid-Pleistocene character of Crayford beds, 607
• Mildenhall, recent arrow-heads made by workman of, 42
• Mill,
  • bed-stone and rolling pin as, 250;
  • rotatory, 254
• “Mill-bill” of present day, 146
• Mill-dues of St. Albans, 258
• Mills and balls in barrows, 253
• Milner, Col., his celt with Gnostic inscriptions, 60
• Mine de la Compagnie du Nord-Ouest, mauls found in, 235
• “Miners’ hammers,” Irish, 234
• Mining,
  • in chalk, 33, 79, 172;
  • stone mauls used for, 233, 234
• Mining instruments of bronze, 233
• Miocene Age, evidence doubtful as to existence of man in the, 374
• Mirrors, possible use of polished stone discs as, 440
• Missiles, possible use of discoidal implements as, 655
• Mississippi, estimated amount of detritus carried by, 667
• Missouri, chert quarry in, 80
• Mitchell, Sir A., on the spindle and whorl, 437
• Mitten, Mr., on the fossil mosses from Hoxne, 577
• Mongols, use of military flail among the, 423
• Monkman, Mr. C, on sling-stones and intrenchments, 419
• Montelius, Prof., referred to, 154, 261
• Montezuma,
  • arrow-making in palace of, 406;
  • stone axe of, 157
• Moraines of glaciers, boulder-clay mainly derived from, 697
• Morison, Fynes, on Irish corn-grinding, 251
• Morlot, M., his suggestions as to grinding flints, 43
• “Morning star,” a modification of the staff-sling, 423
• Morse, Miss, her assistance with fossil plants from Hoxne, 577
• Mortars, 245, 257, 450
• Mortillet, M. A. de,
  • on celt with haft-mark, 154;
  • M. Gabriel de, on boring of Swiss axes, 51;
  • on the chronological sequence of cave deposits, 475;
  • classification of caves by, 483;
  • on a cubical grindstone, 245;
  • on early cruciform ornaments, 454;
  • on Greek inscribed celt, 62;
  • his subdivisions of Palæolithic Period, 528;
  • on tube-boring, 47;
  • referred to, 194, 232, 278, 296
• Moscardo on the Pietre ceraunie, 364
• Moseley, Mr. H. N., worked jade brought by, from New Zealand, 46
• Moss, flint blade handled with, 349
• Mosses, fossil, at Hoxne, 577
• Moulds,
  • bronze, for celts, &c., 269;
  • stone, for bronze implements, 443
• Mound in Tennessee, hatchet from, 171
• Moustérien Age, characteristics of, 483
• Much, Dr., on the Hellebarde, 146
• Müller, Dr. Sophus,
  • on the burial of axes, 76;
  • referred to, 261
• Mullers,
  • present use of, 248;
  • various forms of, 244, 252
• Mumford, Rev. George, celt fixed in a tree found by, 150
• Munro, his “Lake Dwellings” referred to, 45, 297
• Mur de Barrez, flint pit at, 35
• Museums of—Antiquaries,
  • Soc. of, England, 78, 126, 141, 150, 196, 229, 346, 377, 405;
  • Berlin, 188, 191, 294;
  • Blois, 187;
  • Bonn, 136;
  • Brighton, 449, 518;
  • British, passim;
  • Brunswick, 191;
  • Cambridge Antiquarian Society, 73, 74, 88, 92, 100, 104, 178, 191, 251, 336, 390, 538;
  • Fitch, 100;
  • Woodwardian, 92, 100, 538, 595;
  • Canterbury, 353;
  • Castleton, 342;
  • Charterhouse School, 596;
  • Clermont Ferrand, 286, 465;
  • Copenhagen, Ethnological, 167, 183, 191, 226, 245, 246, 286, 292, 347;
  • Derby, 225;
  • Devizes, 428;
  • Douai, 169;
  • Dresden, Ethnological, 111;
  • Historical, 157;
  • Economic Geology, Jermyn Street, 84, 174, 357, 583, 613;
  • Edinburgh, National, passim;
  • Exeter, Albert, 192, 407, 445, 639;
  • Geneva, 113, 185;
  • Ghizeh, 359, 369;
  • Grierson, at Thornhill, 200;
  • Kelso, 119;
  • Keswick, Crosthwaite collection, 106, 117;
  • Kirkcudbright, 442;
  • Königsberg, 403;
  • Lausanne, 185, 292, 327;
  • Leeds, Bateman collection, passim;
  • Philosophical Society, 187, 191, 221;
  • Leicester, 103, 230, 254, 470;
  • Leipzig, 191, 220;
  • Le Puy, 101, 296, 411;
  • Leverian, 212, 441, 575, &c.;
  • Lewes, 101, 174;
  • Leyden, 114, 128, 205, 403, 405;
  • Egyptian, 174, 354;
  • Liverpool, Mayer collection, 96, 151, 235, 354;
  • Lund, 418;
  • Lyons, 109;
  • Madras, Central, 569;
  • Mainz, 109, 160, 268;
  • Montrose, 224, 421;
  • Morbihan, Société Polymathique de, 109;
  • Namur, 402;
  • Nancy, Musée Lorrain, 59;
  • Naples, 354;
  • Neuchâtel, 232;
  • Newcastle, Soc. Ant., 104, 123, 124, 126, 128, 193, 200, 383;
  • Northampton, 110, 124;
  • Norwich, 91, 100, 150, 202, 223, 229, 240, 440;
  • Fitch collection, passim;
  • Over Yssel, 157;
  • Oxford, 337, 341, 518, 593;
  • Ashmolean, 104, 354, 357;
  • Paris, Musée d’Artillerie, 327;
  • Perth, 421;
  • Peterhead, Arbuthnot, 425, 463;
  • Plymouth Institute, 200, 495;
  • Powysland, 208, 342;
  • Royal Irish Academy, 43, 85, 215, 308;
  • St. Germain, 109, 160, 187, 262;
  • Salisbury, Blackmore, passim;
  • Scarborough, 207;
  • Southampton, Hartley Institute, 293, 294;
  • Stockholm, 418, 435;
  • Stourhead Collection, 427;
  • Sussex Archæological Society, 185, 242, 249;
  • Swansea, Royal Institution, 187;
  • Toulouse, 559;
  • Troyes, 262;
  • Truro, 187;
  • Turin, Arsenal of, 379;
  • Turin, Egyptian, 354;
  • Upsala, 58;
  • Vannes, 109;
  • Vienna, Ambras, 157;
  • Warrington, 234;
  • Weimar, 109;
  • Wilts Archæological Society, 268;
  • Zurich, 269
• Musk ox,
  • remains of, in Cray Valley, 604, 607;
  • remains of, in Fisherton beds, 631;
  • as indicative of climate, 699
• Mussel-shell adzes, present use of, 182
• Mycenæ,
  • earthenware spindle-whorls at, 439;
  • obsidian arrow-heads at, 403
• N
• Nardoo, Australian stones for grinding, 243
• Necklaces,
  • of arrow-heads, as charms, 367;
  • Greek or Etruscan, 10;
  • of jet, and other materials, 455–463
• Needles,
  • bone, in cave deposits, 433;
  • in Creswell caves, 523, 524;
  • drilled with flint, 321;
  • in French caves, 484, 506;
  • in Kent’s Cavern, 506;
  • bronze, central-eyed, 433;
  • copper, 440
• Needs, identical, like results produced by, 325
• Neolithic Period,
  • characteristics of, 54;
  • difficulties of chronology of, 471;
  • its range in time, 147;
  • sepulchres, frequent disappearance of bones in, 656
• Nephrite,
  • traces of sawing on celt of, 43;
  • engraved celt of, 60
• Net-sinkers, 236, 237
• Netting, possible use of bone instruments for, 432
• New Caledonians, sling-stones of, 418, 419
• Neuwied, Prinz, on Australian stone blades, 171
• Newton, Mr. E.T., on human remains in Thames valley gravel, 607
• New Zealand,
  • jade adzes of, 166, 167;
  • sawing of jade in, 45;
  • thong-drill used in, 48
• Nickel, presence of, in meteoric iron, 5
• Nightmare, perforated stones good against, 469
• Nilsson, Prof.,
  • on the date of certain axes, 52;
  • on the obliquity of celt edges, 113;
  • on perforated discs, 439;
  • on rude sling-stones, 419;
  • suggestion as to David’s sling, 417;
  • referred to, 184, 204, 241, 261, 271, 293, 294, 296, 297, 339, 350, 450
• Nodule of flint, bludgeon-shaped, in grave, 277
• Nodules of pyrites, their use in producing fire, 313–319
• Norman, Mr. H. G., palæolithic implements found by, 604
• Norway, method of testing celts in, 57
• Notches
  • on axes, for hafting, 169;
  • on hammer-stones, 246, 247;
  • worn on flakes, 642
• Nouter, axe personified by, 62
• Nuclei,
  • their relation to flakes, 272;
  • French, 277;
  • small, 23
• O
• Oak,
  • coffin, gold cup in, 449;
  • trees, bark removed by bone chisels, 435;
  • trees, experimental felling of, 162;
  • trunks, hollowed, interments in, 398, 448
• Oaks, present in brick-earth at Hoxne, 537
• Obsidian,
  • arrow-heads of, in California, 37;
  • arrow-heads at Mycenæ, 403;
  • arrow-heads from the Caucasus, 405;
  • arrow-heads made in the Palace of Montezuma, 406;
  • cores of, from Greek sites, 28, 278;
  • Easter Island tool of, 289;
  • flakes of, in Greece, 278, 284, 286;
  • jade bored by, in New Zealand, 46;
  • knives of, skin-hafted, 293;
  • knives of, in Teneriffe, 8;
  • methods of working, 23–25, 39;
  • Mexican dagger-blades of, 354;
  • scrapers of, 310
• Ochre,
  • red, in interment, 149;
  • use of as cosmetic, 263
• Ochreous tinting of gravel implements, 617, &c.
• Ofai ara, Polynesian sling-stones, 420
• Ohio Valley, steatite tubes from, 50
• Ojibway Indians, 168
• Oliver, Lieut., R.E., drift implement found by, 626
• Ophthalmia, Burmese treatment of, 60
• Ore, iron, in interment, 313, 317
• Ornament, cruciform, early occurrence of, 453
• Ornaments,
  • funereal, 84;
  • perforated for suspension, 321;
  • personal, 452–472, 484, 657;
  • pulley-like, of jet, 398
• Ornamentation
  • on axes, 196–198, 211;
  • on baking stones, 440;
  • on balls, 420;
  • on beads, 457, 458;
  • on cups, 444, 448;
  • on cylinders of chalk, 421;
  • on hammer, 226;
  • on jet ring, 454;
  • on lamp, 445;
  • on querns, 259, 260;
  • on spindle-whorls, 438;
  • on stone vessel, 451
• Ostrich,
  • egg-shell, discs of, worn by Bushmen, 277;
  • bone used by Bushmen for arrow-shafting, 410
• Otter-skin, Californian knives hafted with, 293
• Out-door and in-door use, varying implements for, 641
• Ouvry, late Mr. F., Egyptian implement found by, 652
• Overlapping of the three Ages, 11, 227
• Ovid,
  • his mention of the sickle of Medea, 5;
  • his mention of the stone used by Atys, 9;
  • on the wearing action of water, 477
• Oviedo on sawing with sand and string, 44
• Ox, African, sacrifice of, with stone implement, 10
• Ox horn,
  • possible use of, in tube-boring, 50;
  • dagger-hilt of, 265
• P
• Paint,
  • red, early use of, 149, 263, 264;
  • from hæmatite, 312;
  • stone mullers used for grinding, 248
• Palæolithic deposits,
  • their relation to Boulder clay, 577, 685, 697
  • floors, buried under “trail,” 698;
  • discovery of, 586, 591;
  • flint workshop on, 606;
  • heaps of flint lying on, 598;
  • implements from, 587;
  • preservation of delicate flakes in, 643;
  • replacement on original cores of, flakes from, 598;
  • under brick-earth, 598;
  • under Wey valley gravels, 595
  • implements, compared with neolithic, 12, 648, 657
  • man, evidence for unity of races of, 654
• Palæolithic Period,
  • characteristics of implements of, 53;
  • grindstones apparently unknown in, 85;
  • conditions of human life in, 657
• Palestine, ceremonial use of stone knives in, 9
• Palstaves, bronze, hafting of, 163
• Patagonians,
  • arrow-heads of, 406;
  • varieties of Bolas among, 422
• Patination of flints, 187, 660
• Patroclus, prize at funeral games of, 5
• Paulus Jovius on bone bracers in England, 430
• Pausanias on the use of metals in the heroic times, 4, 7
• Peale, Mr. T. R., on the use of bone in arrow-chipping, 39
• Peat,
  • injurious effect of, on wood, 152;
  • moss, hafted hatchet found in, 151;
  • moss, sling-stones in, 419;
  • moss, stone knives arranged in, 593;
  • Oxford, recent flora in, 593;
  • palæolithic implements at base of, 539
• Pebbles,
  • as amulets, 466, 469;
  • cheese-shaped, 244;
  • with depressions worked, 241, 244, 270;
  • flint, disintegration of, 497;
  • grooved, 271;
  • in interments, 467, &c.;
  • naturally perforated, 469, 470;
  • painted, in the cave of Mas d’Azil, 484;
  • perforated, for hammers, 217;
  • perforated, for net-sinkers, 439;
  • polished, in tumuli, 214, 443, 467;
  • as pounders, 244;
  • of quartz, battered by use, 25;
  • of quartzite, hammers of, 228;
  • sacred, 468;
  • for slinging, 419
• Pemberton, American inscribed axe from, 58
• Pendants
  • of amber, 460;
  • of bone, 463;
  • of bronze at Hallstatt, 464;
  • of jasper and callais, 465;
  • of jet, 461, &c., 466;
  • of serpentine, 470
• Pengelly, Mr.,
  • exploration of Brixham cave by, 512;
  • of Kent’s Cavern, 488, 491
• Pennacooks,
  • mode of using pestle among the, 257;
  • their scrapers, 299
• Pennant, Mr., on querns in the Hebrides, 258
• Penning, Mr. W. H.,
  • on African palæolithic implements, 653;
  • palæolithic implements found by, 602, 603
• Pennington, Mr. Rooke, barrow opened by, 467
• Perceval, Mr. Spencer G., drift implement found by, 624
• Perforations
  • in celts, 142;
  • incomplete, of axe-heads, 205, 226;
  • natural, in flints, 184, 225;
  • in pebbles, 217, 470;
  • in stone, how effected, 46, 47;
  • in stone, possible use of in cord-making, 428;
  • in whetstones, 268;
  • in wooden handle of flake, 292
• Perrault, M., researches in the Camp de Chassey, 159
• Persian arrows, iron, 394, 396
• Persians, myth as to their skill in archery, 361
• Personal ornaments, amulets, &c., 452–472
• Perthes, M., Boucher de,
  • discoveries in Somme valley, 12, 490;
  • on celt handle, 160;
  • on uses of pointed implements, 655;
  • on worked flints at Abbeville, 526
• Peru, obsidian working in, 24
• Pestle and mortar, 252, 254
• Pestle-like implements, 135, 149
• Petrie, Prof. Flinders,
  • on Egyptian blades, ripple-marked, 359;
  • on fibre-hafted knife, 293;
  • flint hatchets, hafting of, 169, 170;
  • lance-head, 354;
  • palæolithic implements found by, 652, 653;
  • on sickles, 297;
  • on tube-boring, 51
• Pfahl-bauten,
  • Swiss, flint workshop in the, 22;
  • sawing on celts of, 43
• Philip II. of Macedon, imitations of coin of, found with arrow-head, 397
• Phillips, Mr. B., on softening amber, 449
• Pickel, Conrad, his name Latinized into Celtes, 56
• Picks of red deer horn used for flint extraction, 33
• Picks and chisels, 173–182
• “Picts’ Castle,” 138
• “Picts’ houses,” see Brochs.
• “Picts’ knives,”
  • flakes resembling, 281, 292;
  • not of flint, 345;
  • recent use of, 348;
  • possible use of in whaling, 348
• Pierre de tonnerre, 57
• Pig, Roman sacrifice of, with flint weapon, 10
• “Pikelet stones” now made of iron, 440
• Pins or awls, 433;
  • bone, in interments, 83;
  • from Kent’s Cavern, 488, 506;
  • bronze, 214;
  • possible use of, in interments, 432
• Pipes of erosion, 548, 602, 707
• Pisander, bronze axe of, 4
• “Pisky grinding-stones,” 437
• Pitcairn on the diabolical origin of elf-arrows, 366
• Pitch, Scandinavian use of, for mounting bronze implements, 170
• Pithecanthropus erectus, Dr. Dubois’, alluded to, 703
• Pits for the extraction of flints, 33, 35, 78
• Pivot stones, 242
• Planes, Eskimo, use of scrapers as, 299
• “Plateau type,” doubtful character of flints of, 609, 643, 658
• Plate of gold in barrow, 227
• Plates
  • of amber for necklaces, 460;
  • of jet, 457, &c.
• Pleistocene fauna,
  • association of worked flints with, 606, 700, 701, &c.;
  • implements, European, similarity of those of Somaliland with, 653
• Pliny
  • as to Cerauniæ, 64, 481;
  • on the Glossopetra, 363;
  • on the ovum anguinum, 437;
  • on pyrites, 16
• Plot, Dr.,
  • on the true character of stone axes, 63;
  • on flint arrow-heads, 362
• Ploughshare, bronze, ceremonial use of, by the Tuscans, 5
• Plowright, Dr. C. B., on a Norfolk flint factory, 83
• Plutarch on the bronze weapons of Theseus, 4
• “Pluvial Period,” Mr. Tylor on the, 698
• Poem, early German, referred to, 146
• Pogamoggon, its use by Shoshone Indians, 424
• Poison, etymological testimony to its use on arrows, 362
• Pole-lathe, mechanism of, 447
• Polished patches on celts due to hafting, 89, 337
• Polishers of stone, 266, 267;
  • in Kent’s Cavern, 492
• Polishing,
  • absence of from palæolithic implements, 649;
  • processes for, 43
• “Polissoirs,” 262
• Polygonal flakes, abundance of, in River-Drift, 642
• Poppe, Mr. A., doubtful discoveries of hafted hatchets by, 163
• Porphyritic greenstone,
  • axes of, 193, 198;
  • celts of, 104, 116, 124, 125, 129, 130, 136;
  • chisel-like implement of, 176;
  • knife of, 346;
  • perforated adze of, 189
• Porphyry,
  • rolled fragments of, in Bournemouth gravels, 694;
  • Spanish implements of, 529;
  • slate, polished pebble of, 467
• Pottery,
  • absence of, from palæolithic deposits, 658;
  • association of, with celts, 152;
  • fragment of, from Cissbury, 79;
  • in interments, 160, 248, 464;
  • materials pounded for making, 257;
  • possible use of bone instruments in making, 432;
  • Roman, flint flakes with, 283;
  • serrated flints for decorating, 296
• “Pot-stone,” or steatite, 444;
  • why so called, 451
• Poulton, Prof. E. B., drift implements found by, 626
• Pounders,
  • pebbles used as, 244–248;
  • ridged by use, 246;
  • spherical, 250
• Pounding-stones, palæolithic, probable uses of, 657
• Pourtalès, M. F. de, on the use of bone in arrow-chipping, 39
• Pressigny-le-Grand,
  • cores from, 27, 28;
  • long flakes at, 29
• Prestwich, the late Sir Joseph;
  • researches with author in Somme valley, 490, 527;
  • at Icklingham, 539;
  • at Reculver, 613;
  • his report on Brixham Cave, 512;
  • section of Ouse valley, 531;
  • section of Lark valley, 543;
  • section of Reculver Sands, 617;
  • on drift deposits at Hoxne, 574;
  • on drift deposits capping chalk downs, 608;
  • implements found by, 593, 632;
  • on Fisherton beds, 630;
  • on uses of pointed implements, 645, 654;
  • on river action, 663;
  • on transporting power of ground-ice, 671;
  • on disintegrating effect of frost, 672;
  • on materials of drift gravels, 678;
  • on level of Waveney valley, 683;
  • old sea-beach found by at Waterbeach, 687;
  • on valley erosion, 697;
  • on difference between high and low level valley deposits, 699;
  • on time needed for forming pipes of erosion, 707
• Probert, Mr. C. K., drift implement found by, 538
• Prometheus as to cave-dwelling men, 480
• Promptorium Parvulorum quoted as to slickstones, 441
• Ptahmes, his name on stone knife, 8
• Pudding-stone, Hertfordshire, querns of, 259
• Pulley-beads, 560
• Pulley-shaped rings,
  • of jet, 352, 398, 455;
  • of cannel-coal, 456
• “Pump-drill” for producing fire by friction, 48, 49
• Punches,
  • probable uses of in flint-flaking, 23, 25, 278;
  • in making axes, 32
• “Purgatory Hammer,” 183
• “Pygmy flints,” 325
• Pyrenees, Claudian on worked flints of the caves of, 480
• Pyrites,
  • association of, with worked flints, 5, 313, 314, 316;
  • in Belgian bone caves, 15, 318;
  • in interments, 265, 313, &c., 467;
  • scored, in Trou de Chaleux, 318, 501;
  • use of with flint for fire-producing, 5, &c.;
  • its use evidenced by its name, 16
• Pyrodes, myth as to his introduction of fire, 16, 313
• Q
• Quarries of stone for implements, 80
• Quartz,
  • American arrow or harpoon heads of, 407;
  • Australian hafting of flakes of, 293;
  • beads of, 465;
  • celt of, 136;
  • crystals of, used for boring, 322;
  • Egyptian celt of, 113;
  • flat disc of, 244;
  • pebbles, association of, with flint flakes, 25;
  • hammers of, 243, 248;
  • pebbles in interments, 467;
  • slickstones of, 442;
  • Swiss arrow-head of, 402;
  • implements, African, 653;
  • implements from Portugal, 529
• Quartzite,
  • axe-hammer of, 207;
  • celt of, 113;
  • flakes of, 281;
  • hammer-heads of, 225, 228, 229;
  • implements of, 587, 593, 650, 651, 654;
  • implements from Somaliland, 653;
  • mauls of, 234;
  • pebbles of, battered glacial, 561;
  • pebbles, implements of, 566, 579, 594;
  • pebbles in Little Ouse valley, 682;
  • plano-convex disc of, 231;
  • qualities of, for implement making, 581;
  • Scotch arrow-head of, 377;
  • spherical implement of, 244
• Quaternary beds,
  • freshwater origin of, 679;
  • first discovery of implements in, 581;
  • in Portugal, 529;
  • reported human remains in, 703;
  • fauna, continental conditions of in England, 707;
  • gravel, character of flint implements from, 12
• Queen Charlotte Islands, basalt hammer from, 25
• Querns, 258–260;
  • from Brochs, 463
• Quoit, disc resembling, 440
• R
• Rabut, M., hammer-stone found by, in the Lac du Bourget, 246
• Rain, proportion of, that reaches chalk springs, 675
• Rainfall,
  • dependence of height of saturation of chalk on, 664;
  • valley erosion dependent on amount of, 666, 668
• Rats, perforated discs for guarding against, 439
• Rau, Prof.,
  • his experiments on boring stone, 48;
  • referred to, 237, 241
• Rayos or Centellos, 58
• Razors, Mexican, of obsidian, 290
• Read, Mr. C. J., on Milford Hill finds, 632
• Read, Mr. C. H., on Bolas, 423
• Read, Mr. W., C.E., drift implements found by, 623
• Red deer, antlers of,
  • used in flint digging, 33;
  • found at Cissbury, 79;
  • flat instrument made from, 432;
  • circle of in barrow, 466;
  • sockets made from, 160
• “Red woman of Paviland,” 487
• Reeds, use of, for shafting arrows, 369, 409, 410
• Refuse heaps in Dordogne caves, 478
• “Regenbogen-schüsseln,” with flint arrow-head, 397
• Reid, Mr. Clement,
  • on the Arctic flora of Hoxne, 577;
  • on the Hoxne deposits, 685
• Reindeer or Cavern Period,
  • arrow-heads of, 361;
  • cave-dwellers of, in S. of France, 277;
  • characteristics of, 53;
  • characteristics of caves of the, 482;
  • objects found in caverns of, 321;
  • scrapers of, 311;
  • toothed flakes of, 296;
  • use of red paint in, 264;
  • worked stones in caves of, 245
• Reindeer horn,
  • Eskimo flaking-tool tipped with, 37;
  • harpoon-heads of, 484;
  • rows of holes bored in, 321
• Religious rites, survival of ancient customs in, 5, 7
• “Reliquiæ Diluvianæ,” Dean Buckland’s, 487
• Resin, its use in mounting flakes, 293, 409
• Rhinoceros,
  • bones of leg of, in apposition, 701;
  • hemitœchus, remains of, in Wales with human works, 520
• Rib, with incised horse on it, 523
• Rib-like bone, marks of sawing on, 539
• “Ribbon-sling,” 417
• Richard, Abbé,
  • flint flakes found by, in tomb of Joshua, 9;
  • Syrian drift implements shewn by, 652
• Rickard, Mr. J. C., on palæolithic African implements, 653
• Ridged flakes defined, 641
• Ridges worn on hammer stones, 246
• Ridley, Messrs. E. P. & H. N., on fossil plants at Hoxne, 577
• Rigollot, Dr., on implements at St. Acheul, 526, 527
• Rings
  • of jet in interments, 265, 266, 308, 352, 426, 455;
  • with radial perforations, 454, 456;
  • of Kimmeridge shale, 456;
  • penannular, of bronze, 456;
  • of Samian ware, 466;
  • spiral, of bronze, 398;
  • of stone, 465;
  • studs combined with, for fastenings, 454
• Ripple marking
  • on Egyptian and Danish blades, 359;
  • on British arrow-heads, 392, 393
• River basins, present lowering of, 668
• River Drift,
  • antiquity of, 662, &c.;
  • causes of crumpling, 697, 698;
  • and surface periods, gap between, 650, 704;
  • implements of, 526, et seqq.;
  • implements compared with those of caves, 474;
  • French and English, resemblance of, 627, 630;
  • mammalian remains in, 528, &c.;
  • molluscan in, 531, 536, 539, &c.;
  • sorting of materials, of, by water action, 667, 673
• River gravels,
  • scrapers rarely found in, 311;
  • stone implements found in, 147–150
• Rivers,
  • amount of detritus carried by, 667;
  • former, near Cromer, 572;
  • former, preceding the Solent, 622, 634, 690, 694;
  • former, connected with the Waveney, 577;
  • former, represented by the Wye, 521;
  • origin of systems of, 665;
  • transporting power of, 666, &c.
• Rivers, General Pitt,
  • his explorations at Cissbury, 33, 78–82;
  • on the classification of flint arrows, 370;
  • on implements in the London gravels, 589;
  • flint flakes found by, in Egyptian gravel, 652;
  • palæolithic implements found by, 604
• Robenhausen, pyrites found in lake settlement of, 15
• Robinson, Sir J. C., palæolithic implements found by, 626
• Rock-crystal,
  • perforation of, on the Rio Negro, 52;
  • piece of in cist, 468
• Rocks, calcareous, erosion of, 477, &c.
• Rock-shelters, formation of, 476
• Rolled condition of implements in lower parts of valleys, 681
• Rolleston, the late Prof., his find at Oxford, 593
• Rolling-pin and bed-stone, 250
• Romano-British village,
  • “coal money” in, 465;
  • shale cups in, 448
• Roman remains,
  • stone objects with, 109, 144, 237, 244, 283;
  • in Lark valley, 543;
  • sites, flakes found on, 283;
  • sites, bone pins on, 431;
  • sites, discoidal stone weights on, 443;
  • soldier with bracer represented on monument, 430
• Romans,
  • ceremonial use of flint by the, 9;
  • pyrites used by, for fire-producing, 313;
  • staff-sling used by, 418
• Rome, bronze shears used at, by priest of Jupiter, 5
• Roots, possible use of pointed implements in digging for, 645, 655
• Rose, Mr., his suggestion as to tube-boring, 50
• Rotatory mill, 254
• Roughening
  • of implements for insertion into sockets, 46, 125, 128, 136;
  • of hammers for grasping, 243
• Roundels of stone, suggested use of, 49
• “Round-nosed chisels,” stone implements resembling, 180
• Rowe, Rev. A. L., quartzite drift implement found by, 578
• Rubbers needed for polishing concave surfaces, 266
• Ruddle,
  • rubbing stone associated with, 263;
  • nodules of, with charcoal, 263, 264
• Rumph on the “Dondersteenen” of Java, 59
• Runic characters on stone celts, 58
• Rushes, use of, for cord in hafting, 292
• Rutley, Mr. F., drift implement found by, 616
• S
• Sabines, use of bronze knives by priests of the, 5
• Sabre-toothed tiger, presence of, in British caves, 508, 524
• Saddle-querns, 251
• St. Acheul, Kent’s Cavern implements of the age of, 495
• St. Alban’s mill dues, 258
• “Salagramma pebble,” Indian custom concerning, 468
• Salmon, M. Philippe, his division of the Stone ages, 485
• Salt-mines,
  • grooved axes in, 169;
  • stone mauls found in, 234
• “Samian ware,” ring of, 466
• Sand,
  • use of, in boring stone, 49;
  • use of, in grinding concave surfaces, 266;
  • polishing effect of, 659
• Sandars, Mrs. E., side scraper found by, 636
• Sandstone,
  • cup of, 444;
  • grooved pieces of, 83;
  • grooved nodule of, as sink-stone, 236;
  • perforated plates of, 428, 431;
  • pyriform piece of, 442
• Sarmatians, their early ignorance of the use of iron, 7
• “Sarsen-stone,”
  • mullers of, 248;
  • interment under, 352
• Saucer of shale, 445
• Savage Island, shaped sling-stones in, 418
• Savages, modern,
  • hafting of implements by, 155, 161, &c.;
  • their use of perforated implements, 215;
  • of stone implements, 172;
  • of unmounted tools, 171
• Savoy, superstition regarding celts in, 57
• Saws,
  • flint, in La Madelaine caves, 484;
  • serrated flakes as, 249, 297;
  • small flakes mounted as, 293
• Sawing,
  • mechanical aids to, 44;
  • modern experiments in, 44, 297;
  • signs of, rare in British implements, 43;
  • traces of, on Spanish celt, 44
• Saxo Grammaticus on Thor’s Hammer, 62
• Saxon graves,
  • fibula and flints in, 144;
  • flint arrow-heads in, 397;
  • quern in, 259;
  • steels and chipped flints in, 283
• Saxon remains in Lark valley, 543;
  • spindle-whorl with, 439
• Scales of fish in river drift, 540, 541
• Scaling fish, possible use of scrapers for, 312, note
• Scalping knife, possible use of stone blade as, 355
• Scandinavian axes, 184;
  • how bored, 49;
  • blades, crescent-shaped, 297;
  • flint knives, 8;
  • harpoon-heads, 277;
  • hone, 271;
  • superstitions as to stone implements, 366, 469;
  • two-edged flint blades, 294
• Schlalum Indians, adze of the, 166
• Scheffer,
  • on burial customs of the Lapps, 283;
  • Lapp divining stone engraved by, 470
• Schliemann,
  • arrow-heads found by, at Mycenæ, 403;
  • flakes for sickles found by, 297;
  • grooved stone mentioned by, 235;
  • mealing stones found by, 253;
  • on Trojan sling bullets, 418
• Schmerling, Dr., his discoveries in Belgian caves, 481
• Schoolcraft
  • on American perforated maces, 216;
  • on hammer-stones, 219, 241
• Sciat-hee, Sir D. Wilson on the, 366
• “Scies,” 296
• Scotch fir, submerged forest of, at Bournemouth, 695
• Scrapers,
  • classification of, 300;
  • discoidal, 302, 308;
  • double-ended, 307;
  • duck-bill shaped, 304, 305;
  • from Palæolithic Floor, 600;
  • hollow, 319;
  • horseshoe-shaped, 300, 308, 311;
  • in brick-earth, 599;
  • iron-mounted in Merovingian graves, 314;
  • irregular in form, 306;
  • kite-shaped, 303, 304;
  • in kjökken-möddings, 310;
  • method of making, 36, 298, &c.;
  • modern use of, 299, 320;
  • numerous, where flint abounds, 310;
  • rare in River Drift, 643;
  • resemblance between ancient and modern, 314, 315;
  • of the Reindeer Period, 311;
  • spoon-shaped, 308, 310;
  • straight, 319;
  • traces of wear on, 311, 495;
  • use of, in preparing hides, 311, 312;
  • use of, in producing fire, 312–319, 501;
  • why so named, 643;
  • with bronze weapons, 309
• Scraping,
  • results of, on flint flakes, 289;
  • wear from, on Brixham flints, 516
• Scythes, myths concerning, 361
• Scythians,
  • their skill in archery, 361;
  • their bronze arrow-heads, 368
• Sea, rate of encroachment
  • by the, 695;
  • on soft cliffs, 707;
  • at Reculver, 686
• Sea shells in Whittlesea Mere, 681
• Sections
  • of Brixham Cave, 512, 513;
  • at Bromehill, 560, 561;
  • at Hackney Down, 584;
  • of Hitchin brickfield, 536, 537;
  • at Hoxne, 574, 575;
  • of Isle of Wight, 626;
  • of Kent’s Cavern deposits, 491;
  • of Lark valley, 543;
  • of Ouse valley, 531, 551;
  • of Rea valley, 579;
  • of Reculver cliffs, 617;
  • at Shrubhill, 569;
  • of gravels at Southampton, 623
• Seeley, Mr. H., on an incised bone, 539
• Sehested, Mr., his experiments with stone implements, 50, 69
• Selci romboidale, 325
• Sellers, Mr. G. E., on stone-chipping, 24
• Sérifontaine, pits for flint extraction at, 35
• Serpentine
  • arrow-head, Swiss, 402;
  • axe-hammers, 206, 213;
  • celts, 66, 125, 130, 138;
  • chisel, Swiss, 177;
  • Merovingian pendants, 470;
  • ovoid implement, 467;
  • perforated discs, 216;
  • hammers, 221, 224;
  • ring, 465
• Serpula limestone, instruments of, 128, 227
• Serration, varying, of flint saws, 294, 297
• Seton-Karr, Mr. H. W.,
  • discoveries in Somaliland, 652, 653;
  • palæolithic Egyptian implements found by, 652
• Sets or punches, 24, 25
• Shafting of arrow-heads, methods of, 408–411
• Shafts of arrows,
  • compound, 410;
  • concave scrapers for, 320;
  • grooved pebbles for straightening, 268;
  • South American, 407
• Shale,
  • cups of, 445;
  • pendants of, 463;
  • rings of, 466
• Sharpening-stones, 161–171
• Sharp-rimmed implements, classification of, 646
• Shasta Indians, arrow-chipping among, 39, 40
• Shelley, Mr., flakes collected by, 278
• Shell-gouges, Carib use of, 182
• Shells,
  • extinct in England, in Cam river-drift, 539;
  • fossil, as ornaments, 484;
  • fresh water, their evidence as to source of gravels, 679;
  • fresh water, with Hoxne implements, 684;
  • fresh water and land, in Ouse gravels, 531;
  • land and marsh at Hampton, 617;
  • used as pendants, 470
• Shetland blades, 347
• Shield, wooden, in Saxon tumulus, 163
• Shoe-shaped implements defined, 645
• Shore-ice, transporting power of, 672
• Shoshonee Indians, military flail used by, 423
• Shrubsole, Mr. O. A., on the Caversham beds, 592
• Sibbald, Sir Robert,
  • on elf-arrows, 362;
  • on the artificial nature of flint arrow-heads, 363
• Siberian use of stones for pounding, 245
• Sickle, bronze, of Medea, 5
• Sickles,
  • Egyptian, 297;
  • possible use of curved knives as, 358
• Side-scrapers,
  • definition of, 300, 302;
  • in caves and River drifts, 548, 635, 643
• Silex, suggested etymology of, 15
• Silica, two forms of, in flint, 497
• Silver,
  • arrow-heads mounted in, 365, 367;
  • present use of stone tools in working, 232
• Similarity of wants, similarity of implements due to, 235, 407
• Sinew, animal,
  • modern use of, in arrow-shafting, 409, 410;
  • Eskimo weapon of chase made of, 422;
  • its use for sewing, 507, 657
• Sink-stones, present use of, 236, 237
• Siret, M. M., saddle-querns found by, in Spain, 252
• “Skelbs,” Scottish for flakes, 275
• Skeletons,
  • bracers on arms of, 426, 429, 456;
  • cause of contracted attitude, 149;
  • contracted, articles with, 309, 313;
  • female, necklaces with, 457, 459, 462, 463;
  • jet ornaments with, 454;
  • pebbles in hands of, 467, 468;
  • in Quaternary beds, 656, 703;
  • in Spain, articles found with, 333, 352
• Skertchley, Mr.,
  • on manufacture of gun-flints, 15, 18;
  • on the date of the Brandon beds, 568
• Skins,
  • flakes hafted by, 293;
  • preparation of, with stone implements, 127, 299, 340;
  • scraper for, from Kent’s Cavern, 499
• Skull, human,
  • in Cheddar Cave, 486;
  • in gravel pit of Ouse valley, 542;
  • near Bury St. Edmunds, 656, 703
• Slabs for sharpening stone implements, 261
• Sladen, Major, jade celts brought from China by, 127
• Slate, chlorite,
  • perforated plates of, 425;
  • knives of, 358;
  • used for arrows and lance-heads, 404
• “Slekenstone,” its renderings into Latin, 441
• Slickstone of glass in woman’s grave, 442
• Slickstones, various, 441
• Sling, early use of the, 417
• Slinging by means of split stick, 417
• Sling-stones,
  • early forms and materials of, 418;
  • in Kjökken-möddings, 419;
  • their relation to intrenchments, 420
• Sloane catalogue, reference to “British weapon” in, 581
• Smith,
  • Mr. G., implement found by, at Southsea, 626;
  • Captain G. V., experiments with Kjökken-mödding axes, 69;
  • Captain John, on arrow-chipping in Virginia, 40;
  • Mr. Worthington G., echini found by, in barrow, 468;
  • flakes fitted on to palæolithic cores by, 20, 598;
  • finds old land surface under brick-earth, 598;
  • palæolithic implements found by, in gravels, 530, 583–586, 601–604, 611, 624
• Smoothing stone, tanged, 443
• Snake River Indians, arrow-chipping by, 40
• Snake-stones, snake bites treated by, 437
• Socket of celts,
  • polishing due to friction of, 89, 142;
  • intermediate, of stag’s horn, 158, 160;
  • mode of fastening axe in, 156;
  • stone, for hinge, 242
• Solent, ancient river of the, 634, 637;
  • its former basin, 638, 690;
  • subsequent widening of, 691
• Solinus on the abundance of jet in Britain, 464
• Solutré, characteristics of Age of, 484
• Solvent power of carbonic acid, 675
• Somme, implements in the drift of the valley of the, 490
• Sophocles, his mention of the bronze sickle of Medea, 5
• Sotacus,
  • concerning Cerauniæ, 64, 480;
  • his date, 65
• South Sea Islanders, adze-like implement of, 138
• Spanish trillas, 284
• Spalls of flint, 564
• Spalding, Mr. F., 179
• Spear-heads
  • of flint, 348, &c.;
  • with notches at side, 351
• Spear-shafts, concave scrapers for shaping, 320
• Specks, shining, on flints from the gravel, 565, 659
• Spiennes,
  • cores from, 27;
  • flint manufactory at, 34;
  • stag’s horn hammers at, 35
• Spindles, upright, of corn-mills, 242
• Spindle-whorls, 436, &c.;
  • absent in palæolithic times, 657;
  • cidares used as, 469;
  • in Kent’s Cavern, 492;
  • varieties of, 438
• Spinning and weaving,
  • early practice of, 436;
  • method of, 437
• Spinning-wheel, possible classical use of, 436
• Spiral ornament
  • on bone bead, 211;
  • on glass bead, magic virtue of, 437
• Splinters and flakes of flint, distinction between, 275
• Springs in the chalk, 664, 675
• Spurrell, Mr. Flaxman C. J.,
  • flint flakes replaced on cores by, 20, 606;
  • on final flaking of Danish daggers, 42;
  • implements found by, 572, 605, 606;
  • on ripple-marked Egyptian blades, 359;
  • on stone implement making at Kahun, 45;
  • on flakes mounted for sickles, 297
• Staff-sling, its use in Roman times, 418
• Stag’s horn,
  • axe or hoe of, 434;
  • bone-tipped implement of, 416;
  • for hafting celts, 128;
  • for hafting flakes, 292;
  • hammers of, 35, 41, 186, 434;
  • implements for arrow-flaking, 41, 393;
  • in interments, 148, 398;
  • in mines, 233, 234;
  • picks of, 33, 34;
  • punch of, for obsidian working, 25;
  • sockets of, 158, 161;
  • in Swiss Lake-dwelling, 321
• Stalactite,
  • formation of, 479;
  • piece of in barrow, 466
• Stalagmite,
  • deposition of, 479;
  • of Kent’s Cavern, 511
• Stan-æx and stan-bill, 145
• Stanley, the late Hon. W. O., researches in Holyhead, 230, 234, 244, 252, 450, 466
• Steatite,
  • cup of, 444;
  • New Caledonian sling-stones of, 418;
  • sawed with string and sand, 45;
  • tubes of in Ohio valley, 50;
  • its use for hollow vessels, 451
• Steels with flints in Saxon graves, 283
• Steenstrup,
  • on marks of attrition on celts, 89, 297;
  • as to use of Kjökken-mödding axes, 69
• “Steenstrup’s markings” on oval blade, 337
• Stevens, Mr. Alfred H.,
  • implements found by at Bournemouth, 635;
  • the late Mr. E. T., classification by, of palæolithic implements, 641, 644, 646–648;
  • implements found by, 627;
  • Dr. Joseph, drift implements found by, in Thames valley, 143, 591, 592;
  • referred to, 277
• Stick, split, slinging by means of, 417
• Stone of the Arrows, 262
• Stone of Heaven, 5
• Stone Age, division of into Earlier and Later stages, 12, 474
• Stone and Bronze Periods, overlapping of, 89, 143, 150, 211, 471, &c.
• Stone weight, name suggestive of origin, 443
• Stopes, Mr. H., Syrian and Egyptian implements found by, 652
• Strabo, on the exportation of amber to England, 449
• “Strahlhammer,” 63
• Streams, carrying power of, 666
• “Strike-a-light” flints,
  • arrow-heads used for, 400;
  • present manufacture of, 17, 21;
  • their resemblance to early scrapers, 314
• Studs
  • of amber, 456;
  • of jet with rings in interments, 454–456
• Strombus gigas, gouge-like instrument formed from, 182
• Stukeley,
  • his account of a stone axe, 183;
  • on elf’s arrows, 366
• Submarine forest
  • at Bournemouth, 695;
  • at Hunstanton, celt found in tree of, 150
• “Subterranean reservoir” of the chalk, 664
• Suetonius on a portentous find of stone axes, 65
• Superstitions concerning stone:
  • adzes, 59;
  • arrow-heads, 363–367;
  • axes, 62, 63, 145, 183;
  • celts, 56–61;
  • hammers, 62;
  • “lucky-stones,” 469;
  • pebbles, 467, 468;
  • “witch-stone,” 470
• Surface-flaking of arrow-heads, 392, 393
• Surface Period, synonymous with Neolithic, 12
• Surface drainage, lessening with amelioration of climate, 676
• Survival of bronze implements in religious rites, 5
• Swiss Lake-dwellings,
  • arrow-heads, bone, in, 402;
  • animals, domesticated, 358;
  • awls, perforated, 323;
  • bastard gouges, 182;
  • bitumen, use of in hafting, 170, 409;
  • celts, socketed, 128, 136;
  • degree of civilization in, 358;
  • disc, perforated, 191;
  • flakes, trimmed, 327;
  • flakes, mounting of, 502;
  • hafting of celts, 167;
  • hafting of hatchets, 155, 158, 162;
  • knife, peculiar, 348;
  • needles of bone, 433;
  • sling-stones, 418
• Swords,
  • bronze, 4;
  • leaf-shaped Egyptian, 8;
  • Mexican obsidian, 294
• Sword-like blades, Irish, of slaty stone, 363
• Syenite,
  • axe-hammer of, 211;
  • celt of, 127;
  • and greenstone, celts of at Kent’s Cavern, 488
• Symonds, Rev. W. S., on changes in Wye valley, 521
• T
• “Taawisch,” Nootka Sound war axes, 157
• Tacitus, on the arrows of the Fenni, 361
• Tahitians,
  • their shaped sling-stones, 419;
  • sharpening of hatchets by, 263;
  • stone pestle of, 257
• Tasmanians,
  • pebble superstitions among the, 468;
  • unmounted celts used by, 171
• Taunus slate, perforated hoe of, 191
• Taylor, Mr. J. B., African palæolithic implements brought by, 653
• Teeth, attrition of, by grit from grinding-stones, 253, 254
• Teneriffe, use of obsidian knives in, 8
• Terraces of gravel left during erosion of valleys, 673;
  • near London, 590, 685;
  • in Waveney valley, 578
• Tertiary implements, so called, 658
• Teutonic interments, stone objects in, 468, 470
• “Thesaurus Brandenburgicus,” occurrence of Celtes in, 55
• Thong-drill, use of, 48
• “Thor’s Donnerkeil,” 51
• Thor’s hammers, 62, 145, 184
• Threshing instrument resembling the tribulum, 284
• “Thumb-flint,” method of making, 36
• “Thunder axes,” 56
• “Thunder-stones”
  • in Dutch Guiana, 271;
  • in Western Africa, 60
• Thurburn, Capt. H.,
  • Greek celts brought by, 126;
  • African celt brought by, 241
• Thurnam, the late Dr.,
  • on the connection of leaf-shaped arrow-heads with long barrows, 377;
  • on flat plates of stone, 427;
  • on javelin-heads, 370;
  • referred to, 244, 250, 269, 280, 291, 294, 309
• Tibia, its use suggested by its name, 432
• Tierra del Fuego, pyrites used in for producing fire, 15
• Tiffin, Mr., junr., implements found by, 627, 634
• Tiger, sabre-toothed,
  • in Kent’s Cavern, 508;
  • in Creswell Crags, 524
• “Tilhuggersteene,” Danish, 241
• Time, incalculable, needed for geological changes, 609, &c.
• Tindall, Mr. E., implements found by, 249, 251, 295, 332
• Tinder-boxes, no early record of the use of flint for, 17
• Tiryns, flint flakes from, 403
• Tobacco pipes, N. American, boring of, 52
• “Toki” of the Maoris, 172
• Toltecs, use of stone mortars by, 257
• Tomahawks,
  • Australian, 26;
  • mounting of, 166;
  • time required to make, 52;
  • North American, 216
• “Tonderkiler” and “Torden-steen,” 57
• Tongue-shaped implements defined, 644;
  • found, 539, 572, 649
• Topley, Mr. W.,
  • on possible ice action in Darent valley, 610;
  • ovate implement found by, 621
• Tor Bryan Caves, 516, 517
• Torquay Nat. Hist. Soc., exploration of Kent’s Cavern by, 490
• Torquemada,
  • his account of Aztec obsidian working, 23;
  • on Mexican razors, 290
• Touraine, flint industry of, 30
• “Traba,” a form of tribulum, 284
• “Trail and warp,” 698
• Trees,
  • branches of, with bones under gravel, 595;
  • species of, in Bournemouth submarine forest, 695;
  • below Hitchin brick-earth, 537;
  • in Hoxne brick-earth, 575
• Tremlett, Admiral, on the cutting power of jasper flakes, 6
• Trephining, practice of, in the Stone Period, 289
• Tribrach-formed instrument, 77, 78
• Tribulum, Varro’s description of the, 284
• Trigg formerly Prigg, the late Mr. Henry,
  • implements found by, 539–542, 550, 554–556, 558, 578;
  • section of Redhill by, 551
• Trimmer, Mr., on Trail and Warp, 698
• Trou de Chaleux, pyrites in, 286
• Trough, triturating, 252
• Troy,
  • earthenware whorls from site of, 439;
  • sling-bullets from, 418
• Troyon, M.,
  • on stone boring, 50;
  • on the use of sand in sawing stone, 44
• Truguet, M. Franck de, Swiss boring instrument found by, 46
• Trunk interments, 398, 447, 448
• Tube,
  • boring by means of, 47, 49, 52;
  • in Klemm collection, 49
• Tubularia, hammer-head of fossil mass of, 229
• Tumulus, mixing of objects of different date in, 210
• Turquoise mines, stone hammers found in, 234
• Turquoises on Mexican dagger-hilt, 325
• “Turtle-backs” of Trenton, 80, 654
• Tuscans, their ceremonial use of a bronze plough-share, 5
• Tusks of wild boar in interments, 83, 148, 328, 427
• Tweezers,
  • bone, 433;
  • bronze, 433, 440
• “Twibill,” 146
• Twigs, hafting of stone blade by, 347
• Tylor, Mr. Alfred,
  • on detritus brought down by rivers, 667;
  • on fluviatile beds, near London, 584;
  • on the “Pluvial Period,” 698
• Tylor, Dr. E. B.,
  • on etymology of “superstition,” 8;
  • on obsidian working in Peru, 24, 290;
  • on stone drilling, 48
• Tyndall, Prof., on conditions of glacier formation, 698
• U
• Ulna of whale, axe made of, 435
• Ulus, or Eskimo women’s knives, 343
• Ulysses, his use of the drill, 48
• “Underground house of Skaill,” objects found in, 255
• Upsala, axe in museum of, with Runic inscription, 58
• Urns,
  • bronze and stone objects in, 208, 269, &c.;
  • ornamented, found with bracer, 427;
  • jet ornaments with, 456;
  • wooden bodkin in, 433
• Use, traces of, on implements, 504, 555, 647
• Utensils, domestic, 436–451
• V
• Valleys,
  • climatal changes shewn by deposits in, 699;
  • erosion of, later than cave deposits, 513, 521;
  • erosion of, later than gravel deposits, 580;
  • erosion of, affected by changes of climate, 666, 676, 697;
  • erosion of, hypothetical, 662–678;
  • retrogression of heads of, 674, 683, 686
• Valley slopes, detritus gradually left on, 673
• Varro, his description of the tribulum, 284
• Vegetable fibre,
  • use of, in hafting arrows, 407, 409;
  • matter, decaying, a source of carbonic acid, 675
• Venus, Paphian, on Cypriote coins, 10
• Vesica piscis-formed implements, 647
• Vessels, stone, in English barrows, 450, 451
• Vertebræ, human,
  • with arrow-heads embedded,
  • at the Grotte du Castellet, 375, 401;
  • in la Marne, 396;
  • near Copiapo, 406
• Victoria Cave,
  • doubly barbed harpoon from, 505;
  • River, stone working on the banks of the, 26
• Viking grave of woman, slick-stone in, 442
• Villas, Roman, stone celts found in, 144
• Vincent of Beauvais as to derivation of “silex,” 15
• Vincent, M., his early discovery of flint implement, 527
• Virginia, early account of arrow-chipping by Indians of, 40
• Virgil,
  • bronze arms mentioned by, 4;
  • bronze sickle of Elissa, 5;
  • on flint and steel, 16;
  • quoted as to jactare, 147
• Vivian, Mr. E., his examination of Kent’s Cavern, 488, 490
• Vogt, Prof. Carl, suggestions as to stone roundels, 49
• Vogué, M. de, Syrian palæolithic implement obtained by, 652
• Von Estorff on stone boring, 49
• Von Sacken, Baron, on the Hallstatt graves, 7
• Vulgate, occurrence of Celte in, 55
• W
• Wallong, the Australian, 243
• Walrus, remains of, in Whittlesea Mere, 681
• Walrus tooth used for tipping flaking tools, 24
• Wapiti, chisels made from horn of, 434
• War-axe
  • of Gaveoë Indians, 156;
  • of Nootka Sound Indians, 157
• War,
  • blunting of axes for, 196;
  • or chase, probable use of stone balls in, 422;
  • decorations on weapons of, 226
• War maces,
  • possible use of circular pebbles as, 231;
  • paint, interment of, with the dead, 264
• Waring, Miss, drift implement found by, 608
• “Warp and trail,” 593, 698
• Warren, Mr. Hazzeldine, implements found by, 139, 603
• Washing linen, “batting staff” employed in, 256
• “Wasters,” presence of, in flint implement manufactories, 385, 649
• Water,
  • its action on flint, 497;
  • carbonic-acid-charged, its action on chalk, 477, 557;
  • fresh, drift beds deposited by, 662;
  • transporting power of, 513;
  • transporting power dependent on rate of flow, 667
• Water-mills, stone pivots and sockets for, 242
• Watson, Mr. Knight, on the word Celte in Vulgate, 56
• Wauwyl, flint manufactory at, 22
• Way, the late Mr. Albert,
  • his finds at Bournemouth, 635, 637;
  • on the submerged forest at Bournemouth, 695;
  • referred to, 74, 160, 254, 340, 347;
  • Miss, drift implement found by, 636
• Weapons,
  • association of, with decorations in graves, 460;
  • bronze, in the heroic times, 4;
  • elaboration of, a mark of dignity, 216, 226;
  • hammer-heads as, 224;
  • probable use of perforated axes as, 215;
  • Scandinavian form of, found in Britain, 213;
  • wearing and re-chipping of, 349
• Wear on implements, its evidence as to mode of use, 311
• Weaving,
  • early practice of, 436;
  • possible use of perforated stones in, 237
• Weaverthorpe, stag’s horn pick found at, 34
• Wedding dress cut out by stone knife, 348
• Wedge,
  • bone, 24;
  • certain celts possibly used as, 82, 87, 655;
  • of granite, 97;
  • tightening of hafting by means of, 233
• Wells in the chalk, varying height of water in, 664
• Westlake, Mr. E., implement found by, 632
• Wexovius as to reindeer marrow, 504
• Weights for scales, stones as, 443
• Whale,
  • axe made from ulna of, 435;
  • remains of near Cambridge, 681
• Wheel-lock, use of pyrites in, 16
• Whetstones, 261–271;
  • of the Bronze Period, 268;
  • in caves, 504;
  • Danish, 264, 265;
  • with gold cup in coffin, 449;
  • in interments, 185, 268, 271, 332, 353;
  • with iron loop for suspension, 270;
  • with metal handles, 270, 271;
  • Spanish perforated, 438
• Whitaker, Mr. W., palæolithic implements found by, 538, 587, 607, 611, 612, 613
• Whitbourn, the late Mr., implement found by, in Wey valley, 319, 594
• White pebbles, symbolism of, 468
• Whitening of flint, 497, 549, 556
• Wild goose, remains of, in Fisherton beds, 631
• Wilde, Sir William,
  • on boring instruments for stone, 47;
  • on classification of arrow-heads, 370;
  • late use of stone implements recorded by, 11;
  • on Irish treatment of sick cattle, 365;
  • on use of celt in Irish weaving, 440;
  • referred to, 154, 177, 215, 223, 232, 270, 272, 308
• Willett, Mr. Ernest,
  • his explorations at Cissbury, 78;
  • his discovery at Brighton, 622
• William of Poitiers quoted, 146
• Williams. Rev. T. J., on white stones in interments, 468
• Wilson, the late Sir Daniel,
  • on American stone hammers, 235;
  • on celt found in canoe, 150;
  • on “elf-arrows,” 366;
  • on a find of “Picts’ knives,” 346;
  • on stone boring, 47;
  • on stone cups as lamps, 445
• Wire, Mr. A. P., pointed implement found by, 603
• “Witch-stone” as protection for cattle, 476
• Withies, stone implements hafted by, 167, 168, 233, 239
• “Witters” or barbs of arrow-heads, 370, note
• “Women’s knives,” Eskimo, 343
• Wood,
  • bodkin of, in urn, 433;
  • fire produced by friction of, 313;
  • fossil, from Thanet sands, 620;
  • method of preserving, 152;
  • spindles of, with Roman remains, 439;
  • split, hafting of daggers in, 349;
  • split, hafting of spear-heads in, 350;
  • stone boring by means of, 48, 49, 50, 52;
  • used for splintering obsidian, 24
• Wood, Rev. J. G., his Nat. Hist. of Man referred to, 166, 167, 168, 299
• Woods, various, used for hafting implements, 153, 155, 159, 160, 162, 163, 164
• Wooden
  • cup with handle in barrow, 448;
  • figures, carved Egyptian, 369;
  • objects associated with celts, 152
• Woodward, Dr. Henry,
  • crystal pick described by, 235;
  • the late Dr. S. P., referred to, 627
• Woodward, Dr., his suggestion as to arrow-heads, 407
• Wookey Hyæna Den, 517–520
• Wool, tissues of, in bronze interments, 437
• Woollen cloth, skeleton wrapped in, 448
• Worm, Olaf,
  • on early stone implements, 363;
  • his recognition of a Greenland harpoon, 410
• Worsaae, Prof.,
  • suggestions as to early stone boring, 47, 48;
  • referred to, 191, 232, 261, 271, 278, 298, 308, 353, 448
• Wright, Mr. Arthur G., drift implement found by, 539
• Wrist-guards of stone, 425–428
• Wyatt, the late Mr. James,
  • finds of implements, 572, 613;
  • his section of Ouse valley, 531;
  • referred to, 101, 110, 245, 340
• Wye Valley, geological changes in, 521
• Wyeth, Mr., on arrow-chipping by Snake River Indians, 40
• X
• Xanthorrhæa gum, its use in hafting hatchets, 137, 170
• Xerxes, stone and iron-tipped arrows used by army of, 368
• Y
• Yew,
  • flake-handle of, 292;
  • in Hoxne beds, 575;
  • probable use of for British bows, 411
• Young, Mr. Lambton, C.E., drift implement from the Thames found by, 588
• Yun-nan, jade-working in, 110
• Z
• Zinck, M., his criticisms on distinctions between palæo- and neo-lithic forms, 649
• Zigzag
  • incised lines on sandstone cup, 444;
  • ornamentation on stone bracer, 430
• Zunis of New Mexico, arrow-head charms among the, 367