Utanata uran, Lakahia bura, Mairassis furan, Mimika pura, Ceram wulana, moon. The Angadi has also pura.
Lakahia bugura, Wuaussirau wara, Mimika pukare, Ceram uhara, mountain. Utanata has pamogo.
Utanata pō, Lakahia boa, Mimika poh, Ceram wosa, paddle.
Utanata kai, Ceram kai, wood. For this the Mimika is uti.
A word of much interest in this region is turika or turi. This is given by Muller in his Ceram list as turika, knife, in Lobo turi, Onin tuni. Maclay gives the Ceram (Keffing) as turito, Namatote and Wuaussirau turi, also for “knife.” The word does not appear in Angadi or in the list of Ekris (19). Though not apparently used in Merauke turik has travelled eastward as far as Torres Straits and the Fly River, and even to the borders of the Papuan Gulf. Thus Bangu turik, Dabu turikata, Sisiami (Bamu R.) turuko, and Tirio turuko mean “knife” (i.e. iron knife). In Bugi, Saibai, Mowata and Kiwai, turika and in Murray Island tulik mean “iron.”42
Dr. N. Adriani has pointed out some words adopted from Malay in Merauke and also some apparent agreements between that language and Indonesian languages generally,43 but there is no evidence of any language from Ceram having passed through the Torres Straits. Agreements between the Merauke and Papuan languages to the east are also pointed out by Dr. Adriani44 but these are no evidence of the passage of a Polynesian fleet, as they are not Polynesian words, and the languages using them have no Polynesian syntax. Mr. Churchill’s theory of the Polynesian entry into the Pacific by way of Torres Straits cannot therefore be maintained.
The following vocabulary is arranged strictly in Geographical order. The North Eastern Languages follow from East to West, from Seka to Manikion, and the South Eastern from Onin to the Boundary and thence along the South Coast of British Territory to the Western or Right Bank of the Fly River.
The following authorities have been quoted:—45
1. Seka. P. E. Moolenburg. Tijd. v. Indische Taal xlvii. 1904.
2. Jotafa [and Sentani in ( )]. G. L. Bink in ibid. xlv. 1902.
3. Sentani. P. E. Moolenburg. Bijdragen. t.d. Taal. Ned Indië (7) v. 1906.
4. Tanah Merah, Tarfia, Takar, Jamna, Masimasi, Moar (i.e. Wakde) and Kumamba. G. G. Batten. Glimpses of the Eastern Archipelago, 1894.
5. Arimoa. A. B. Meyer. Über die Mafoor’sche, 1874.
6. Pauwi. P. J. B. C. Robidé v. d. Aa. “Reisen van Braam Morris.” Bijd. t.d. Taal. Ned. Indië. (4) x. 1885.
7. Wamberan, Waropin, Mohr, Tandia, Dasener, Jaur. Fabritius. Tijd. v. Indische Taal. iv. 1885.
8. Angadi, Goreda, Nagramadu, Manikion. G. A. J. v. d. Sande in “Nova Guinea.” Vol. III. 1907.
9. Wandammen. G. L. Bink. Tijd. v. Indische Taal. xxxiv. 1891.
10. Onin, Lobo, Mairassis, Utanata. S. Muller. Reisen, 1857.
11. Kapaur. C. J. F. le Cocq d’Armandville. Tijd. v. Indische Taal. xlvi. 1903.
12. Karufa. H. v. Rosenberg. Der Malayische Archipel. 1878.
13. Namatote, Wuaussirau, Lakahia, Kiruru. N. v. Miklucho Maclay. Tijd. v. Indische Taal. xxiii. 1876.
14. Mimika. MS. Dr. A. F. R. Wollaston.
15. Merauke. J. Seijne Kok. Verband. v. h. Batav. Genootsch. v. Kunsten lvi. 1906.
16. Bangu, Bugi, Dabu, Mowata, Kunini, Jibu, Tagota. Reports of Cambridge Anthropological Expedition. Vol. III. 1907.
17. Parb, Saibai, Kiwai, and Tirio. MSS. S. H. Ray.
18. Nufor. J. L. v. Hasselt. Hollandsch. Noefoorsch Woordenboek, 1876.
19. Ceram. A. v. Ekris. Woordenlijst v. Ambonsche Eilanden. Mededeel. v. h. Ned. Zendings Genoots, viii. 1864-65.
20. Tuburuasa, Karas. (Islands between Ceram and Onin.) P. J. B. C. Robidé v. d. Aa. Reisen naar Ned. Nieuw-Guinea, 1879.
| Man. Man. | Woman. Vrouw. | Head. Hoofd. | Eye. Oog. | Ear. Oor. | |
| Seka | ... | ... | subi | rutja | re |
| Jotafa | tante | moi | rabunadu | windu | tĕni |
| Sentani | doh | mī | farem, (panem | yŏrå, (yeroh | anggei, (angei |
| Arimoa | kabun (white | ... | dabro | masamana | seroro |
| Pauwi | maomba | nedba | ... | kikia | knĭperemba |
| Angadi | were | kauwă | rupau | măme | ihani |
| Nagramadu | ... | ... | yabimă | ... | ehăra |
| Wandammen | mua | babien | rupai | rĕne | tatelajau |
| Onin | marara | matapais | onimpatin | matapatin | tanigan |
| Kapaur | neméhār | tombŏhār | kenda | kendep | per |
| Karufa | mutangki | maisoida | umuh | mata | taringa |
| Namatote | murwana | merwine | umu | matatungu | zingangu |
| Lobo | marowana | mawina | monongo, umun | matalongo | tringango |
| Mairassis | fatakowa | ewei | nanguwu | nambutu | newirana |
| Wuaussirau | taturobu | ewei | kotera | obiatu | obiru |
| Lakahia | odacira | yama | uwua | managa | yawana |
| Kiruru | ... | ... | ... | ... | yawatsha |
| Utanata | marowana | kuranī | upauw | mameh | ianī |
| Mimika | uweri | kaukwa, aina | kapane | mame | ene |
| Merauke | amnangga | bubtī, savĕ, īsus(?) iwogĕ | pa | kīndĕ | kambīt |
| Bangu | ... | ... | kambu | ti | taroba, tarup |
| Parb | ar | temarb | mor | taramb | tongal |
| Bugi | la | mala | beneqet | kalye | laandra |
| Dabu | rabu | mure | bunkut | ikapa | ran, ika |
| Saibai | garakazi | ipökazi | kuikö | dan, purka | kaura |
| Mowata | auana | orobo | epuru | damari | hepate, gare |
| Kunini | binam, ima | magebi, ule | mope | ireu | tablame |
| Jibu | vientete, rega | konga | mopu | yere | yekrom |
| Kiwai | dubu | orobo | epuru | damari | sepate, gare |
| Tirio | amiami | kinasu | yapuru | pariti | pamata |
| Tagota | ... | moream | kana | pari | tuap |
| Nufōr | snun | bien | rewuri | mgasi | knasi |
| Ceram | malona, mandai, makwai, manawal | mahina, bina, leuto pepina | uru, ulu | mata, maa | tarina, talina |
| Tuburuasa | maruana | mapata | unīn | matanpuon | taningan |
| Karas | kianam | paas | nakalun | kangiri | kulokeim |
| Nose. Neus. | Tongue. Tong. | Tooth. Tand. | Hand. Hand. | Sun. Zon. | |
| Seka | hā | ... | ... | na (nabērā, arm) | ... |
| Jotafa | su | meriki | ñoh | tibimi | tap |
| Sentani | yoi | fēuw | je, (tje | megeragera, (posadi | su |
| Arimoa | sirino | mataro | umata | ... | ... |
| Pauwi | kimparia | kimsiba | kabrua | kibawia (arm) | tebia |
| Angadi | mirimoi | mere | titi | mahare | yăū |
| Nagramadu | ... | yămănărai | si | ... | ... |
| Wandammen | swŏnê | taperê | derĕnesi | waraba | wor |
| Onin | wirin | eri | nifan | nemien | rera |
| Kapaur | kănomba, kănunga | gengabu | mĕhien-tāb | tān | kĕmina |
| Karufa | sikai | ... | ... | nimang-uta | ohra |
| Namatote | iyaongu | yaeiyongu | zwiutiongu | siŭsiongu | oro-matawuti |
| Lobo | sikaiongo | kariongo | ruwotongo | nimango-uta | orah |
| Mairassis | nambi | nenegun | sika | okorwita | onguru |
| Wuaussirau | ombi | onsabi | oras | uadu | unguru |
| Lakahia | onoma | mara | ifa | esurua | aya |
| Kiruru | unuga | ... | uru | ... | yauburawa |
| Utanata | birimbu | mare | titi | mareh | dyauw |
| Mimika | bīrim | malī | titi | marĕ | yau |
| Merauke | anggīp | unum | manggat | sangga | katŏnī |
| Bangu | ... | thamina | ter | tambia | epotha |
| Parb | mebele | penji | tol | tond | abiard |
| Bugi | wede | dangamai | lenge | trang-qab | yabada |
| Dabu | murung | dogmar | ngui, ngoia | tang-kor | yabada |
| Saibai | piti | nöi | dang | get | goiga |
| Mowata | wodi | watotorope | ibuanara | tu-pata (palm) | iwio |
| Kunini | keke | weta | giriu | imwe | bimu |
| Jibu | soku | vrate | orkak | yema | loma |
| Kiwai | wodi | wototorope | iawa | tu-pata (palm) | sai |
| Tirio | norose | ima | sū | tikiri | uainea |
| Tagota | miu | uo | kam | ... | dari |
| Nufōr | snŏri | kaprēndi | nasi | rwasi | ori |
| Ceram | hiru, inu, ninu, ili | mei, mē, mā | niki, niri, nityi, nio | rima, lima, barau | rematai, leamatai, leamanyo, deamatae |
| Tuburuasa | nirīng | kwēri | ... | tangan | nera |
| Karas | bustang | belein | ... | taan | ïōn |
| Moon. Maan. | Star. Ster. | Rain. Regen. | Stone. Steen. | Fire. Vuur. | |
| Seka | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Jotafa | sembi | endor | tāb | āt | aijări |
| Sentani | ara, (aroh | ... | (ya | tuga, (duwa | ī |
| Arimoa | ... | ... | ... | fati | ... |
| Pauwi | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Angadi | pură | ... | kehe | ... | ută-mai |
| Nagramadu | ... | ... | emoya | ... | uhă |
| Wandammen | sembai | siberere | rama | rebuki | adia, adyat |
| Onin | punono | apatin-no-farere | unano | pāti | api |
| Kapaur | koba, keba, kabah | mbāb | kĕri | wār | tōm |
| Karufa | uran | ŏma | kama | langerah | lawi |
| Namatote | wuran | omoma | omo | ... | labi |
| Lobo | furan | komakoma | komah | ... | lawi |
| Mairassis | furan | waniwani | yamo | ... | iworo |
| Wuaussirau | angane | onburi | yamu | ... | iworo |
| Lakahia | bura | mawena | gefa | ... | ŭsia |
| Kiruru | ... | imaru | kē | ... | uta |
| Utanata | uran | ... | koma | ... | uta |
| Mimika | pura | mako | ke | omanī | uta |
| Merauke | mandau | ovom, uvum | heĕ | katarĕ | takavĕ |
| Bangu | ... | ... | narunjar | tan | meni |
| Parb | tugiu | ... | nou | ... | pend |
| Bugi | kak | qatai | yugula | dader | iu |
| Dabu | qar, qak | piro | igurai | dadar | yu, dumbrel |
| Saibai | mulpal, kizai | titui | ari | kula | mui |
| Mowata | ganume | zogubo | wiari | nora-api | era |
| Kunini | mabie | wale | ngupe | magezuli | muie |
| Jibu | mobi | guje | piro | nora | para |
| Kiwai | sagana | gugi | mauburo, wisai | kuraere | era |
| Tirio | korame | apapa | iōuko | kuma | suze |
| Tagota | mano | durupa | ... | tamaga | jau |
| Nufōr | paik | ătaruwa, samfari | mĕkem, | kĕru | fōr |
| Ceram | huran, ulano, buran | marit, kolomali, kamali, umalio | uran, ulan, kial | hatu, batu | hau, au |
| Tuburuasa | puna | finma | unang | pati | lawi |
| Karas | pak | masseer | kekal | jaar | dien |
| Water. Water. | Pig. Varken. | Fish. Visch. | Coconut. Kokos-noot. | House. Huis. | |
| Seka | ... | ... | ... | ... | pā |
| Jotafa | nanu | por | igeh | nīno | duma |
| Sentani | bu | (yoku | ka | koh | ime |
| Arimoa | dano | ... | ... | niwi | ... |
| Pauwi | memba | ... | ... | ... | hŭsia |
| Angadi | mi | ŏhŏ | ireă | utiri | kãme |
| Nagramadu | ... | ŏhă | ... | măgrabe | ya |
| Wandammen | kambu | pisai | diya | ankadi | anio |
| Onin | weari | papio | sairi | ruroh | rumaso |
| Kapaur | kĕra | ndur, kalapaji, măma | heir | no’ur | wuri |
| Karufa | ualar | ... | dohndi | niyu | tsaring |
| Namatote | wălar | boi | dondi | niu (?) | sarin |
| Lobo | walar | bōi | donde | niu | sarin |
| Mairassis | wata | bemba | kuratu | owah | watara |
| Wuaussirau | kai | wembe | kuratu | obo | wata |
| Lakahia | mura | ufa | nema | wuina | yafa |
| Kiruru | mi | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Utanata | warari | uh | erika | uteri | kami |
| Mimika | mbi, mbu | u, api | irĕka | utēri | kamĕ |
| Merauke | daka | basikĕ | pararĕ, parara | misĕ, onggat, wīmap | sava, aha |
| Bangu | tauqar | rougu | thaua | nangar | boot, munka |
| Parb | nou | kimb | angur | argh, kwogh, keu | mongo |
| Bugi | ngi | simbel | galba | nge | māē |
| Dabu | ine | mule,chimela, sasa | pudi | ngoi, guvi | ma |
| Saibai | nguki | burum | wapi | urab | mud |
| Mowata | obo | boromo | arimina | oi | moto |
| Kunini | nīe | blome | ibu | ia | mete |
| Jibu | nia | woroma | waji | u | meta |
| Kiwai | obo | boromo | irisina | oi | moto |
| Tirio | opa | sepera | kopoma | sapu-mutira | turie |
| Tagota | mauka | minao | ... | ... | ... |
| Nufōr | wār | beyen | iyen | srabon | rum |
| Ceram | waer, wael, kwael | hahu, apal | ian, iano | niwer, niwel, nimel, nikwel, noolo | ruma, luma |
| Tuburuasa | wêre | ... | se | ... | kapalla |
| Karas | pere | ... | soor | ... | kawe |
| One. Een. | Two. Twee. | Three. Drie. | Four. Vier. | ||
| Seka | ahi (ari?) | hitjun | hetun | nabu | |
| Jotafa | the | ros | for | au | |
| Sentani | imbai | be | name | gŭri | |
| Tana Merah | ogosarai | saibona | ondoafi | soronto | |
| Tarfia | tukse | arho | tor | fauk | |
| Takar | afateni | nawa | nawa-jengki | nawa-nawa | |
| Jamna | tes | ru | tau | fau | |
| Masimasi | kīs | ru | tou | fo | |
| Moar | hibeti | ru | tou | fau | |
| Kumamba | tès | lu | taur | fau | |
| Pauwi | pa-sari | pa-ri | pa-rosi | pa-rasi | |
| Wamberan | tenama | bisa | ... | ... | |
| Waropin | wo-sio | wo-ruo | wo-ro | wo-ako | |
| Mohr | tata | ruru | oro | ao | |
| Angadi | janăūwă | jăminatia | jaminati-janăūwă | awaitămă-jaminatia | |
| Goreda | unakwa | jămanini | ... | ... | |
| Nagramadu | nadi | ăbåmă | ăbåmă-nadi | ăbåmŏ-båmŏ | |
| Tandia | nei | rusi | turusi | attesi | |
| Dasener | joser | suru | toru | ati | |
| Jaur | rebe | redu | reü | rea | |
| Wandammen | siri | mondu | tŏru | atê | |
| Manikion | hom | hŏai | homoi | hŏku | |
| Onin | sa | nuwa | teni | fāt | |
| Kapauer | hĕre-wo | hĕre-rīk | hĕre-terī | hère-ngara | |
| Karufa | simoksi | rueiti | tohru | bahdi | |
| Namatote | samosi | rueiti | toru | fāt | |
| Lobo | samosi | rueti | tuwru | fāt | |
| Mairassis | tangauw | amōi | karia | āi | |
| Wuaussirau | anau | amoi | karia | aiwera | |
| Lakahia | onarawa | aboma | torua | fāt | |
| Mimika | inakwa | yamani | yamani-īnakwa | ama-yamani | |
| Merauke | zakod | iena | iena-zakod | iena-iena | |
| Bangu | nambu, nambi | yethombi, kethembi | yetho | asar | |
| Parb | ambiur | tumbi | lambi | tutubiar | |
| Bugi | tarangesa | metakina | gingi-metakina | topea | |
| Dabu | tupi-dibi | kumi-rivi | kumi-reriga | kumi-rivi-kumi-rivi | |
| Saibai | wara, urapon | uka, ukasar | uka-modobigal | uka-uka | |
| Mowata | nau | netoa | ... | ... | |
| Kunini | iepa | neneni | nesae | neneni-neneni | |
| Jibu | yepa | kuraiepa (finger) | kuraiepa | kuraiepa | |
| Kiwai | nau | netewa | netewa-nau | netewa-netewa | |
| Tirio | oroka | miseka | misorako | miseka-miseka | |
| Tagota | uradaga | mitiga | nan | mitiga-mitiga | |
| Nufōr | sai, ŏsēr | dui, suru | kior | fiak | |
| Ceram | isa, sā | rua, lua, dua, roti | teru, telu, tolu, toru | haa, hata, ata, fāt |
| Five. Vijf. | Six. Zes. | Ten. Tien. | Twenty. Twintig. | |
| Seka | naplan | naplahi | amplahari | amplanaplan |
| Jotafa | mimiām | măndŏsīm | ronduminarōs | manisayām |
| Sentani | mehembai | mehinimbai | mehinmehembai | megohri |
| Tana Merah | ogosarai | demean | ... | ... |
| Tarfia | rim | mana-tuksi | mafarufaru | ... |
| Takar | nawa-nawa-jengki | ... | ... | ... |
| Jamna | jim, rim | ... | sinafui | ... |
| Masimasi | rim | ... | sanafu | ... |
| Moar | rim | ... | ... | ... |
| Kumamba | lim | ... | sanafun | ... |
| Pauwi | pa-rinisi | ponensi | putaonsi | ... |
| Wamberan | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Waropin | rimo | ... | ... | ... |
| Mohr | rimo | ... | ... | ... |
| Angadi | măhărè-ajăhe-rauri | măhărè-jană-ūwă | măhăre-jămi-natia | ... |
| Goreda | mahère-hèrori | ... | tăóru | ... |
| Nagramadu | măma-riba | mariba-nadi | măma-răbåmă | ... |
| Tandia | marasi | ... | ... | ... |
| Dasener | rimbi | ... | ... | ... |
| Jaur | breiare | ... | ... | ... |
| Wandammen | rīm | rīmi-siri | sura | snun-tupesi |
| Manikion | sirkem | ... | ... | ... |
| Onin | nima | nem | pusua | puti-nuwa |
| Kapauer | hĕre-tembu | here-tembu-here-wo | pra’a | to mdijowo |
| Karufa | rimi | rom-simoksi | putja | siúmput-rueiti |
| Namatote | rim | rim-samoti | futsa | ombutueti |
| Lobo | rimi | rim-samosi | wutsya | sekumat-rueti |
| Mairassis | iworo | iwora-mōi (? 7) | werowa-moi | yauw-nat-makia |
| Wuaussirau | iworo | iwor-tanau | iwor-toki-tani | toki-amoi |
| Lakahia | rim | rim-onarawa | ... | ... |
| Mimika | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Merauke | iena-iena-zakod | ... | ... | ... |
| Bangu | tambothoi | nimbo | ... | ... |
| Parb | tumbi-tumbi-yambia | ... | ... | ... |
| Bugi | manda | gaben | dala | ... |
| Dabu | tumu | ... | ... | ... |
| Saibai | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Mowata | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Kunini | imegube | matemate (wrist) | dare (breast) | ... |
| Jibu | kuraiepa | ribenda (wrist) | mua (breast) | ... |
| Kiwai | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Tirio | miseka-miseka-oroka | ... | ... | ... |
| Tagota | uradaga (?) | moti-taba-nan | moti-tatan | ... |
| Nufōr | rīm | onem | samfur | samfur-di-suru |
| Ceram | rima, lima, dima | nē, nena, nō, onam | husane, husā, utsya | huturua |