Acid or alum springs, 109
Agate, 20, 21
localities, 21
value, 20
Alleghenies, 14
Alum, 21
localities, 21, 22
springs, 109
value, 21
American Flat group, silver mines, 136
Amethyst, 22
false, how made, 117
localities, 22
value, 22
Anthracite, 22, 23
localities, 23
value, 23
Antimony ore, 23, 24
localities, 23
value, 23
Artesian Wells, 111, 112
Artificial gold, how made, 125
jewelry, how made and detected, 114-125
Asbestus, 24
localities, 24
value, 24
Asphaltum, 24, 25
localities, 25
value, 25
Assay of copper ore, 100-102
gold ore, 95-98
iron ore, 102
lead ore, 103, 104
ores, 92-104
silver ore, 99, 100
tin ore, 102, 103
zinc ore, 102
Atlantic coast, 14
Azurite, 25
localities, 25
smelting, 101
value, 25

Baryta, localities, 26
or heavy spar, 26
value, 26
Bidwell, John, 130-132
Bituminous coal, 27
localities, 27
region, 14
Blende, 27, 28
localities, 28
value, 28
Blowpipe, 17
Bog iron ore, 29
localities, 29
value, 29
Boring, 83
Brazil, diamonds in, 84
Bristol stones, 114
Brittle silver ore, 30
localities, 30
value, 30
Brown coal, 30
localities, 30
value, 30
Brown Hematite or Limonite, 56, 57

Calamine, 31
localities, 31
value, 31
California diamonds, 114
discovery of gold in, 127-133
Cannel coal, 31, 32
localities, 32
value, 32
Cape May diamonds, 114
Carbonated or gas spring, 106, 107
Carnelian, 32
false, how made, 117
localities, 32
value, 32
Celestine, 32, 33
localities, 33
value, 33
Cerussite, 33
and Galena, reduction of, 103
localities, 33
value, 33
Chalybeate or iron springs, 107, 108
Chromic iron, 34
localities, 34
value, 34
Cinabar, 34, 35
localities, 35
value, 35
Clear Creek, Cal., gold in, 132
Coal, anthracite, 22
bituminous, 27
brown, 30
cannel, 31, 32
Cobalt pyrites, 35
localities, 33
value, 35
Coloma, Cal., discovery of gold there, 127
Colorado silver lodes, 89
Colors, distinction of minerals by, 12
Comstock Lode, 135-137
gold and silver produced from, 136, 137
Connecticut river valley, 14
Copper, 36
glauce, 36
localities, 36
value, 36
gray copper ore, assaying, 101
localities, 36
nickel, 37
localities, 37
value, 37
ore, assay of, 100-102
gray, 51
red, 65
red, assaying, 101
variegated, 78
ores, test for silver, 99
testing, 100-102
silver in, 101
percentage of in ores, which will pay, 101
pyrites, 37, 38, 90
localities, 38
smelting, 101
value, 38
searching for, 90
seldom in new formations, 90
silicate of, 70
smelting, 101
value, 36
where found, 14, 90
Corals, false, how made, 124

Descriptive list of useful minerals, 20-80
Diamond, 41
estimation of the value of, 86
imperfections of, 86
localities, 41
value, 41
Diamonds, characteristics of, 85, 86
colors of, 83
finest, 84
in Brazil, 84
in their native state, 83
mode of discovering in Brazil, 84
prospecting for, 83-87
where found, 87
Directions for determining specimens by the key, 15-19
Discovery of silver in Nevada, 134-137

Effervescence in minerals, 12
Eliason, Mr., 133
Emerald, false, how made, 116
to test, 118
Emery, 41, 42
localities, 42
value, 42
Epsom springs, 109, 110

False amethyst, how made, 117
carnelian, how made, 117
corals, how made, 124
False emerald, how made, 116
opal, how made, 117
pearls, how made, 124
ruby, how made, 116
sapphire, how made, 116
topaz, how made, 116
Feather river, Cal., gold in, 132
Fluor spar, 42
localities, 42
value, 42
Franklinite, 43
localities, 43
value, 43

Galena, 43, 44
and Cerussite, reduction of, 103
localities, 44
purest specimens poorest in silver, 91
value, 43
Garnet, 44, 45
localities, 45
the heaviest of gems, 118
to test, 118
value, 45
Gas springs, 106, 107
Gems, to test by weighing in water, 118
true and false, how to distinguish, 117-124
Glass, minerals which will not scratch, 16, 19
minerals which will scratch, 15, 18
Gold, 46-50
and platinum, washing for, 94, 95
and silver consumed in the arts in the United States, 137, 138
and silver, production of the United States, 137, 138
and silver where they abound, 14
artificial, how made, 125
bearing rock, 88
bearing sands, 88
extraction of, 93
Hill group, silver mines, 136
how distinguished, 89
imitation, how to detect, 125
in California, discovery of, 127-133
in California, first announcement of discovery, 132
in quartz rock, to find the amount of, 98
localities, 46-50
mine first worked in the United States, 133
ore, assay of, 95-98
searching for, 87-89
substances mistaken for, 89
testing any substance supposed to contain, 97
to separate from silver, 97
to test the purity of, 98
where found, 87-89
Granite regions, 14
Graphite, 50, 51
localities, 50, 51
to test the purity of, 104
value, 50
Gravity, mode of determination of, 12
Gray copper ore, 51
localities, 51
value, 51
Gypsum, 14, 52
localities, 52
value, 52

Heavy spar or baryta, 26
Hematite, brown, 56, 57
Horizontal beds, 82
Horn silver, 53
localities, 53
value, 53
Humphrey, Isaac, 128

Indications for minerals, 81
Irish Diamond, 114
Iron, chromic, 34
how it occurs, 94
ore, 14
assay of, 102
bog, 29
brown hematite, 56, 57
lenticular, 56
magnetic, 57,  58
magnetic, found by the compass, 91
micaceous, 62
red hematite, 65, 66
specular, 73, 74
pyrites, 53, 54
localities, 54
value, 53, 54
searching for, 91
spathic, 73
springs, 107, 108
testing minerals for, 91

Jackson, Captain Wm., 133
Jasper, 54
localities, 55
value, 55
Jewelry, artificial, how made and detected, 114-125

Kaolin, 55, 56
localities, 55
value, 55

Lead ore, assay of, 103, 104
to detect silver in, 99
searching for, 90
veins, thickest, 91
where found, 90
Lenticular iron ore, 56
localities, 56
value, 56
Limestone regions, 14
Limonite or brown hematite, 56, 57
localities, 57
value, 57

Magnesian springs, 109, 110
Magnetic, 12
iron ore, 57, 58
found by the compass, 91
localities, 58
value, 58
pyrites, 58, 59
localities, 59
value, 59
Malachite, 59, 60, 101
localities, 59, 60
value, 59
Manganese, oxyd of, 63, 64
spar, 60
localities, 60
value, 60
Marble, 60, 61
localities, 61
regions, 14
Marshall, Jas. W., discovery of gold in California by, 127-131
Metals, found near their source, 82
how they occur, 94
Mica, 61, 62
localities, 62
value, 62
Micaceous iron ore, 62
localities, 62
value, 62
Mineral riches, how discovered, 81
springs, 105-112
location of, 105
no indications of ores, 83
what are they, 105
Minerals as a source of our nation’s wealth, 9
descriptive list of, 20-80
regions which offer best inducements to search for, 14
sections of the United States, richest in, 14
species in the United States, how many, 11
specific gravity of, 12, 13
useful in the United States, 11
which will not scratch glass, 16, 19
which will scratch glass 15, 18
Mississippi Valley, 14
Money in the rocks, 9

Nickel, copper, 37
Nitre, 63
localities, 63
value, 63
Nodules, 82

Ochres, 91
Oil wells, 112, 113
Opal, false, how made, 117
the softest of colored gems, 118
Opaque minerals, 12
Ore on a hillside, indications of, 82
veins generally vertical, 82
when it will pay, 92
Ores, assay of, 92-104
minimum percentages of metal in which will pay, 93
Oxyd of Manganese, 63, 64

Pacific coast, 14
Panning, 94, 95
Paris brilliants, 114
Pastes, composition of, 115
Pearls, false, how made, 124
Platinum, 64
localities, 64
value, 64
washing for, 94, 95
Pockets, 82
Precious stones, color and order of hardness, 126
Prospecting for diamonds, 83-87
Pyrites, iron, 53, 54
cobalt, 35
copper, 37, 38, 90
magnetic, 58, 59
testing for gold, 96
yield of gold by, 97

Quartz mining in California, commencement of, 133
ores, yield of, 96
rock, to find the amount of gold in, 98
testing for gold, 95, 96
Quicksilver, use of in assaying, 96

Reading, Pearson B., 131
Read mine, first gold mine worked in United States, 133
Red copper ore, 65
localities, 65
value, 65
hematite, 65, 66
localities, 66
value, 65
silver ore, 66
localities, 66
value,  66
Rennselaerite, 67
localities, 67
value, 67
River sand, worth working for gold, 98
Rock crystal, 67
localities, 67
value, 67
salt, 68
localities, 68
suspected of containing silver, treatment of, 89
Rocky mountains, 14
Ruby, characteristics of, 85
false, how made, 116
spinel, 74
to test, 118, 123
Russia, gold how obtained in, 94
Rutile, 68
localities, 68
value, 68

Saline or salt springs, 109, 110
Salt springs, 110
Sapphire, false, how made, 116
the hardest of colored gems, 118
to test, 118
Searching for copper, 90
diamonds, 83-87
gold, 87-89
iron, 91
lead, 90
silver, 89, 90
Serpentine, 69
localities, 69
value, 69
Shaft, cost of sinking, 83
Silicate of copper, 70
localities, 70
smelting, 101
value, 70
Silver, 70, 71
and gold, consumption in the arts in the United States, 137, 138
and gold, production of the United States, 137, 138
glance, 71
localities, 71
reducing, 100
value, 71
horn, 53
in copper ores, 101
in lead and copper ores, 99
in lead ore, to detect, 99
to estimate the proportion of, 99, 100
in Nevada, 134-137
localities, 70
native gold in, 97
ore, assay of, 99, 100
brittle, 30
red, 66
ores, rich reduction of, 100
pure easily recognized, 99
searching for, 80, 90
to test a globule of for gold, 97
to test copper ores for, 99
where found, 89
Slate regions, 14
Smaltine, 72
localities, 72
value, 72
Smithsonite, 72
localities, 72
value, 72
Spar manganese, 60
Spathic iron, 73
localities, 73
value, 73
Specific gravity, mode of determination of, 12, 13
Specular iron ore, 73, 74
localities, 74
value, 74
Spinel ruby, 74
localities, 74
value, 74
Steatite, 75
localities, 75
value, 75
Stones, precious, color and order of hardness, 126
Strass for making false jewels, 115
Strontianite, 75, 76
localities, 76
value, 76
Sulphur, 76
localities, 76
springs, 108, 109

Testing minerals, 15-19
Thermal springs, 110, 111
Tin ore, 76, 77
assay of, 102, 103
localities, 77
value, 76
presence of, testing for, 103
Topaz, 77
characteristics of, 85
false, how made, 116
localities,  77
to test, 118, 120, 123
value, 77
Tourmaline, 77
localities, 77
to test, 123
value, 77
Translucent minerals, 12
Trap regions, 14
True and false gems, how to distinguish, 117-124

United States, consumption of gold and silver in the arts, 137, 138
gold and silver statistics of, 137, 138
Useful minerals, descriptive list of, 20-80
in the United States  11

Valuable minerals disguised, 10
Variegated copper ore, 78
localities, 78
value, 78
Veins, lodes and beds most valuable, 82
Virginia group, silver mines, 136

Wad, 78, 79
localities, 79
value, 78
Warm springs, 110, 111
Washing for gold and platinum, 94, 95
Washoe lake, silver mines near, 134
Wells, artesian, 111, 112
Willemite, 79
localities, 79
value, 79

Zincite, 79, 80
localities, 80
value, 79
Zinc ore, assay of, 102