CONTENTS
OF
VOLUME FIRST.

FIRST PERIOD.

The Literature that existed in Spain between the First Appearance of the Present Written Language and the Early Part of the Reign of the Emperor Charles the Fifth, or from the End of the Twelfth Century to the Beginning of the Sixteenth.

CHAPTER I.
Introduction.
Origin of Modern Literature 3
Its Origin in Spain 4
Its earliest Appearance there 5
Two Schools 5
The National School 6
It appears in troubled Times 6
The Arab Invasion 7
Christian Resistance 8
Christian Successes 8
Battle of Navas de Tolosa 9
Earliest National Poetry 10
CHAPTER II.
Early National Literature.
Appearance of the Castilian 11
Poem of the Cid 12
Its Hero 13
Its Subject 15
Its Character 16
Book of Apollonius 24
Saint Mary of Egypt 25
Three Holy Kings 26
All anonymous 27
Gonzalo de Berceo 28
His Works 28
His Versification 29
His San Domingo 30
His Milagros de la Vírgen 30
CHAPTER III.
Alfonso the Wise, or the Learned.
His Birth 35
Letter to Perez de Guzman 36
His Death 38
His Cántigas 39
Galician Dialect 40
Querellas and Tesoro 44
His Ultramar 45
Castilian Prose 46
Fuero Juzgo 47
Setenario 49
Espejo 49
Fuero Real 49
Siete Partidas 49
Character of Alfonso 54
CHAPTER IV.
Lorenzo Segura and Don Juan Manuel.
Juan Lorenzo Segura 56
His Anachronisms 57
His Alexandro 58
Los Votos del Pavon 60
Sancho el Bravo 61
Don Juan Manuel 61
His Life 62
His Works 64
Letter to his Brother 68
His Counsels to his Son 69
His Book of the Knight 69
His Conde Lucanor 70
His Character 74
CHAPTER V.
Alfonso the Eleventh. — Archpriest of Hita. — Anonymous Poems. — The Chancellor Ayala.
Alfonso the Eleventh 76
Poetical Chronicle 77
Beneficiado de Ubeda 78
Archpriest of Hita 78
His Works 79
His Character 84
Rabbi Don Santob 86
La Doctrina Christiana 88
Una Revelacion 88
La Dança General 89
Fernan Gonzalez 91
Poema de José 95
Rimado de Palacio 99
Castilian Literature thus far 103
Its Religious Tone 103
Its Loyal Tone 103
Its Popular Character 104
CHAPTER VI.
Old Ballads.
Popular Literature 106
Four Classes of it 108
First Class, Ballads 108
Theories of their Origin 109
Not Arabic 110
National and Indigenous 111
Redondillas 111
Asonantes 112
Easy Measure and Structure 113
General Diffusion 114
Their Name 115
Their History 116
Their great Number 118
Preserved by Tradition 119
When first printed 120
First Ballad-book 126
Other Ballad-books 128
Romancero General 128
Not to be arranged by Date 129
CHAPTER VII.
Old Ballads concluded.
Ballads of Chivalry 131
On Charlemagne 132
Historical Ballads 134
On Bernardo del Carpio 135
On Fernan Gonzalez 138
On the Infantes de Lara 139
On the Cid 140
On various Historical Subjects 145
Loyalty of the Ballads 145
Ballads on Moorish Subjects 146
On National Manners 148
Character of the Old Ballads 153
Their Nationality 154
CHAPTER VIII.
Chronicles.
Second Class of Popular Literature 156
Chronicles and their Origin 157
Royal Chronicles 157
Crónica General 158
Its Divisions and Subjects 159
Its Poetical Portions 161
Its Character 166
Chronicle of the Cid 166
Its Origin 167
Its Subject 169
Its Character 172
CHAPTER IX.
Chronicles continued.
Chronicles of Alfonso the Wise, Sancho the Brave, and Ferdinand the Fourth 173
Chronicle of Alfonso the Eleventh 175
Chronicles of Peter the Cruel, Henry the Second, John the First, and Henry the Third 177
Chronicle of John the Second 183
Chronicles of Henry the Fourth 187
Chronicles of Ferdinand and Isabella 189
Royal Chronicles cease 190
CHAPTER X.
Chronicles concluded.
Chronicles of Particular Events 192
El Passo Honroso 193
El Seguro de Tordesillas 195
Chronicles of Particular Persons 197
Pero Niño 197
Alvaro de Luna 198
Gonzalvo de Córdova 200
Chronicling Accounts of Travels 202
Ruy Gonzalez de Clavijo 203
Columbus 206
Balboa, Hojeda, and Others 211
Romantic Chronicles 212
Don Roderic 212
Character of the Chronicles 215
CHAPTER XI.
Romances of Chivalry.
Origin of Romantic Fiction 218
Appearance in Spain 220
Amadis de Gaula 221
Its Date 221
Its Author, Lobeira 221
Portuguese Original lost 223
Translated by Montalvo 223
Its Success 224
Its Story 225
Its Character 229
Esplandian 231
Family of Amadis 233
Influence of the Amadis 234
Palmerin de Oliva 235
Primaleon and Platir 236
Palmerin of England 236
Family of Palmerin 238
CHAPTER XII.
Romances of Chivalry concluded.
Various Romances 241
Lepolemo 242
Translations from the French 243
Carlo Magno 244
Religious Romances 245
The Celestial Chivalry 246
Period of Romances 249
Their Number 249
Founded in the State of Society 250
Knight-errantry no Fiction 251
Romances believed to be true 252
Passion for them 253
Their Fate 254
CHAPTER XIII.
The Early Drama.
Religious Origin of the Modern Drama 255
Its Origin in Spain 257
Earliest Representations 258
Mingo Revulgo 260
Rodrigo Cota 261
The Celestina 262
First Act 263
The Remainder 264
Its Character 267
Its Popularity 268
Imitations of it 269
CHAPTER XIV.
The Early Drama continued.
Juan de la Enzina 273
His Works 274
His Representaciones 275
Eclogues in Form 276
Religious and Secular 276
First acted Secular Dramas 277
Their Character 278
Portuguese Theatre 282
Gil Vicente 282
Writes partly in Spanish 283
Auto of Cassandra 285
O Viudo 289
Other Dramas 290
His Poetical Character 292
CHAPTER XV.
The Early Drama concluded.
Slow Progress of the Drama 293
Escriva 293
Villalobos 294
Question de Amor 294
Torres Naharro 295
His Propaladia 295
His Eight Dramas 296
His Dramatic Theory 296
La Trofea 298
La Hymenea 299
Intriguing Story and Buffoon 301
His Versification 303
His Plays acted 304
No Popular Drama founded 305
CHAPTER XVI.
Provençal Literature in Spain.
Provence 306
Its Language 307
Connection with Catalonia 308
With Aragon 309
Provençal Poetry 310
Its Character 311
In Catalonia and Aragon 312
War of the Albigenses 312
Provençal Poetry under Peter the Second 313
Under Jayme the Conqueror 314
His Chronicle 315
Ramon Muntaner 318
His Chronicle 318
Provençal Poetry decays 322
CHAPTER XVII.
Catalonian and Valencian Poetry.
Floral Games at Toulouse 326
Consistory of Barcelona 328
Poetry in Catalonia and Valencia 329
Ausias March 331
His Poetry 332
Jaume Roig 333
His Poetry 334
Decay of Catalonian Poetry 337
Decay of Valencian 338
Influence of Castile 338
Poetical Contest at Valencia 338
Valencians write in Castilian 340
Preponderance of Castile 340
Prevalence of the Castilian 343
CHAPTER XVIII.
Courtly School in Castile.
Early Influence of Italy 346
Religious 347
Intellectual 348
Political and Commercial 349
Connection with Sicily 350
With Naples 351
Similarity in Languages 351
Italian Poets known in Spain 351
Reign of John the Second of Castile 352
His Poetical Court 354
Troubadours and Minnesingers 355
Poetry of John 356
Marquis of Villena 357
His Arte Cisoria 360
His Arte de Trobar 361
His Trabajos de Hércules 362
Macias el Enamorado 364
CHAPTER XIX.
The Courtly School continued.
The Marquis of Santillana 366
Connected with Villena 370
Imitates the Provençals 371
Imitates the Italians 372
Writes in the Fashionable Style 373
His Comedieta de Ponza 375
His Proverbs 377
His Letter to the Constable of Portugal 378
His Character 378
Juan de Mena 379
Relations at Court 380
His Works 382
Poem on the Seven Deadly Sins 383
His Coronation 383
His Labyrinth 384
His Character 387
CHAPTER XX.
Courtly School continued.
Progress of the Language 389
Villasandino 391
Francisco Imperial 393
Other Poets 393
Prose-writers 394
Gomez de Cibdareal 395
His Letters 395
Perez de Guzman 398
His Friends the Cartagenas 399
His Poetry 400
His Generaciones y Semblanzas 401
CHAPTER XXI.
The Manriques, the Urreas, and Juan de Padilla.
Family of the Manriques 403
Pedro Manrique 403
Rodrigo Manrique 404
Jorge Manrique 406
His Coplas 406
Family of the Urreas 410
Lope de Urrea 411
Gerónimo de Urrea 411
Pedro de Urrea 411
Padilla el Cartuxano 412
CHAPTER XXII.
Prose-writers of the Latter Part of the Fifteenth Century.
Juan de Lucena 415
His Vita Beata 416
Alfonso de la Torre 417
His Vision Deleytable 417
Diego de Almela 418
His Valerio de las Historias 419
Alonso Ortiz 420
His Tratados 420
Fernando del Pulgar 420
His Claros Varones 421
His Letters 422
Romantic Fiction 424
Diego de San Pedro 424
His Carcel de Amor 424
Question de Amor 426
CHAPTER XXIII.
The Cancioneros and the Courtly School concluded.
Fashion of Cancioneros 428
Cancionero of Baena 428
Cancioneros of Estuñiga, etc. 430
First Book printed in Spain 431
Cancionero General 432
Its different Editions 433
Its Devotional Poetry 433
Its First Series of Authors 435
Its Canciones 437
Its Ballads 438
Its Invenciones 438
Its Motes 439
Its Villancicos 440
Its Preguntas 440
Its Second Series of Authors 441
Its Poems at the End 442
Number of its Authors 443
Rank of many of them 443
Character of their Poetry 444
Reign of Ferdinand and Isabella 444
State of Letters 445
CHAPTER XXIV.
Discouragements of Spanish Culture at the End of this Period, and its General Condition.
Spanish Intolerance 446
Persecution of Jews 446
Persecution of Moors 446
Inquisition, its Origin 447
Its Establishment in Spain 448
Its first Victims Jews 448
Its next Victims Moors 449
Its great Authority 450
Punishes Opinion 451
State of the Press 451
Past Literature of Spain 452
Promise for the Future 453

SECOND PERIOD.

The Literature that existed in Spain From the Accession of the Austrian Family to its Extinction; or from the Beginning of the Sixteenth Century to the End of the Seventeenth.

CHAPTER I.
Condition of Spain during these Two Centuries.
Periods of Literary Glory 457
Period of Glory in Spain 458
Hopes of Universal Empire 458
These Hopes checked 459
Luther and Protestantism 460
Protestantism in Spain 460
Assailed by the Inquisition 461
Protestant Books forbidden 461
The Press subjected 462
Index Expurgatorius 462
Power of the Inquisition 463
Its Popularity 465
Protestantism driven from Spain 466
Learned Men persecuted 466
Religious Men persecuted 467
Degradation of Loyalty 468
Increase of Bigotry 468
Effect of both on Letters 469
Popular Feeling 470
Moral Contradictions 470
The Sacrifices that follow 471
Effect on the Country 471
CHAPTER II.
Italian School of Boscan and Garcilasso.
State of Letters at the End of the Reign of Ferdinand and Isabella 473
Impulse from Italy 474
Spanish Conquests there 475
Consequent Intercourse 476
Brilliant Culture of Italy 477
Juan Boscan 478
He knows Navagiero 479
Writes Poetry 480
Translates Castiglione 481
His Coplas Españolas 482
His Imitation of the Italian Masters 483
Its Results 485
Garcilasso de la Vega 486
His Works 489
His First Eclogue 490
His Versification 493
His Popularity 495
Italian School introduced 496
CHAPTER III.
Contest concerning the Italian School.
Followers of Boscan and Garcilasso 497
Fernando de Acuña 497
Gutierre de Cetina 500
Opponents of Boscan and Garcilasso 501
Christóval de Castillejo 501
Antonio de Villegas 503
Gregorio de Silvestre 505
Controversy on the Italian School 507
Its final Success 508
CHAPTER IV.
Diego Hurtado de Mendoza.
His Birth and Education 510
His Lazarillo de Tórmes 511
Its Imitations 512
He is a Soldier 514
Ambassador of Charles the Fifth 514
A Military Governor 515
Not favored by Philip the Second 516
He is exiled from Court 516
His Poetry 517
His Satirical Prose 519
His Guerra de Granada 520
His Imitation of Tacitus 522
His Eloquence 526
His Death 527
His Character 528
CHAPTER V.
Didactic Poetry and Prose. — Castilian Language.
Early Didactic Poetry 529
Luis de Escobar 529
Alonso de Corelas 531
Gonzalez de la Torre 531
Didactic Prose 531
Francisco de Villalobos 532
Fernan Perez de Oliva 534
Juan de Sedeño 536
Cervantes de Salazar 536
Luis Mexia 537
Pedro Navarra 537
Pedro Mexia 537
Gerónimo de Urrea 538
Palacios Rubios 539
Alexio de Vanegas 539
Juan de Avila 540
Antonio de Guevara 540
His Relox de Príncipes 541
His Década de los Césares 543
His Epístolas 543
His other Works 545
The Diálogo de las Lenguas 546
Its Probable Author 546
State of the Castilian Language from the Time of Juan de Mena 547
Contributions to it 548
Dictionaries and Grammars 549
The Language formed 550
The Dialects 550
The Pure Castilian 551
CHAPTER VI.
Historical Literature.
Chronicling Period gone by 553
Antonio de Guevara 553
Florian de Ocampo 554
Pedro Mexia 555
Accounts of the New World 556
Fernando Cortés 556
Francisco Lopez de Gomara 557
Bernal Diaz 558
Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo 559
His Historia de las Indias 560
His Quinquagenas 562
Bartolomé de las Casas 563
His Brevísima Relacion 565
His Historia de las Indias 566
Vaca, Xerez, and Çarate 567
Approach to Regular History 568