[513] Ethnographie und Sprachenkunde, Bd. I., 226.

[514] Lettres Edifiantes et Curieuses, Tome II., p. 165.

[515] Catalogo de las Lenguas, Tom. I., p. 185.

[516] Pedro Lozano, Historia de la Conquista de Paraguay, Tom. I., p. 407 (Ed. Buenos Aires, 1873).

[517] D’Orbigny, L’Homme Américain, Tom. II., p. 83.

[518] Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, 1889, s. 658.

[519] Lettres Edifiantes et Curieuses, Tome II., p. 107.

[520] Ethnographie und Sprachenkunde, Bd. I., s. 245, 246. A good vocabulary is supplied by Castelnau, Expédition, Tome V., Appendix.

[521] Richard Rohde, in the Orig. Mittheil. der Ethnol. Abtheil d. Mus. zu Berlin, 1885, s. 15.

[522] On the ruins of their fortresses and tombs, see Vincente G. Quesada, Estudios Historicos, pp. 45-48 (Buenos Aires, 1864).

[523] Nicolas del Techo, Hist. Prov. Paraquariæ, Lib. V., cap. 23.

[524] See Von Tschudi, in Verhand. der Berlin. Anthrop. Gesell., 1885, s. 184, sqq. This traveler could find no relics of the tongue in the ancient Calchaqui district, which he visited in 1858. The only languages then were Spanish and Kechua (Reisen, Bd. V., s. 84).

[525] Virchow, in Verhand. der Berlin. Anthrop. Gesell., 1884, s. 375.

[526] D’Orbigny, L’Homme Américain, Vol. II., p. 11.

[527] Barcena’s report is published in the Relaciones Geograficas de Indias, Peru, Tom. II.

[528] Dr. Darapsky remarks that the Araucanians first crossed the Andes into the Pampas about 300 years ago (La Lengua Araucana, p. 4, Santiago de Chile, 1888). This is true, but the tribes they found there were members of their own stock.

[529] Some have derived these names from the Kechua, aucca, enemy; but I am convinced by the examples of Federico Barbara, Manuel de la Lengua Pampa, p. 6 (Buenos Aires, 1879), that at any rate the same root belongs to the Araucanian.

[530] Dr. Martin de Moussy gives an interesting sketch of these people in the Annuaire du Comité d’Archæologie Américaine, 1865, p. 218, sq.

[531] The chief source of information on this tribe is Col. Lucio de Mansilla, Una Escursion á los Indios Ranqueles, Vol. II. (Buenos Aires, 1870). The name Ranqueles means “thistle people,” from the abundance of that plant in their country.

[532] G. Coleti, Dizionario dell’ America Meridionale, s. v., Cuyo.

[533] Valdivia, Arte de la Lengua Chilena. Ed. Lima, 1607.

[534] Lt. Musters, “On the Races of Patagonia,” in Journal of the Anthropological Institute, Vol. I., p. 205.

[535] Paolo Riccardi, in Memoire della Soc. Ethnograf. di Firenze, 1879, p. 139; also the estimable work of Jose T. Medina, Los Aborijenes de Chile (Santiago, 1882).

[536] Bernard Havestadt, Chilidugu, sive Res Chilenses (Westphalia, 1777. Reprint by Julius Platzmann, Leipzig, 1883).

[537] Many of these are portrayed in the work of Medina, Los Aborijenes de Chile, above referred to.

[538] Nicolas del Techo, Historia Provinciæ Paraquariæ, Lib. VI., Cap. IX.

[539] The Boroas live on the Tolten river, and have blue eyes, a fair complexion, and aquiline noses. Pablo Treuter, La Provincia de Valdivia y los Araucanos, p. 52, note (Santiago de Chile, 1861). E. Pöppig, Reise in Chili und Peru, Bd. I., s. 463 (Leipzig, 1836).

[540]

Faulkner and others refer to these as the Cessares (Description of Patagonia, p. 113, Hereford, 1774). There was such a tribe, and it was made the subject of a Utopian sketch, An Account of the Cessares, London, 1764.

[541] See Petermann’s Mittheilungen, 1883, s. 404, and compare the same, 1878, s. 465. Dr. Martin elsewhere gives a vocabulary of the Chauques of Chiloe. It is pure Araucanian (Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, 1877, s. 168).

[542] On the stature of the Patagonians, see the very complete study of D’Orbigny, L’Homme Américain, Vol. II., pp. 26-70.

[543] Lt. Musters, “On the Races of Patagonia,” u. s., p. 194, sq.

[544] Ramon Lista, Mis Esploraciones y Descubrimientos en Patagonia, p. 116 (Buenos Aires, 1880). This author gives, pp. 125-130, a full vocabulary of the “Choonke” as it is in use to-day.

[545] Ethnographie und Sprachenkunde, Bd. I., s. 313.

[546] Lettres Ed. et Curieuses, Tome II., p. 88; Hervas, Catalogo de las Lenguas, Tom. I., p. 136.

[547] See Lucien Adam, Grammaire de la Langue Jagane (Paris, 1885). Dr. Darapsky thinks this tongue reveals a common point of divergence with “los idiomas meso-Andinos.” Boletin del Instituto Geog. Argentino, 1889, p. 287.

[548] See Dr. Hyades, in Revue d’Ethnographie, Tome IV., No. VI., and the chapter “L’Ethnographie des Fuégiens,” in L. F. Martial, Mission Scientifique du Cap-Horn, Tome I., Chap. VI. (Paris, 1888). Yakana-cunni means “foot people,” as they did not use horses.

[549] Dr. Domenico Lovisato, in Cosmos, 1884, fas. IV.

[550] Dr. Johann Seitz, in Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, 1886, pp. 267, 268.

[551] Domenico Lovisato, ubi suprá.

[552] At the Congrès des Américanistes, Paris, 1890.