—— —— how painted on, 153
—— ware, early type, 66
Florence, porcelain made in sixteenth century. See Medici.
Flour-spar used in glaze at Fürstenberg, 265
Flowers in porcelain at Meissen, 254, 293 note
—— —— at Vincennes, 293
Fond laque on Chinese porcelain, 102
—— —— much found in Persia, 147
Forms of Chinese porcelain, 137-141
—— of Japanese porcelain, 192
Fostât rubbish-heaps, fragment of Chinese porcelain found in, 216
Fouliang, Annals of, 127
France, early collectors of Oriental porcelain in, 229-231
Francesco, Grand Duke of Tuscany, makes porcelain, 237
Frankenthal, porcelain made at, 267
Franks, Sir A. W., on Oriental china, 53, 121, 185
—— —— on Strassburg porcelain, 270
—— —— on Parisian kilns, 314
—— —— on Lowestoft porcelain, 370
Frederick the Great and porcelain, 255, 262, 274, 275, 335
Frits, used in French soft pastes, 279
Frye, Thomas, at Bow, 342-343
Fuel used in firing porcelain, 28
Fukien, Chinese province, two wares made, 66, 142
—— white porcelain, 142-143
—— —— imitated in Europe, 142
—— —— decorated in England, 144
—— enamelled porcelain, 143
Fulda, porcelain made at, 268
Fulham, Dr. Dwight attempts to make porcelain at, 240
Furnaces for firing porcelain, three types described, 27
—— for Chinese porcelain, 134
—— for Japanese porcelain, 191
—— for French soft pastes, 280
Fürstenberg, porcelain made at, 265
Fusibility of porcelain, experiments at Sèvres, 8, 18

Gardner, at Tver, makes porcelain, 275
Garnier, Édouard, late director at Sèvres, 310
—— —— report on contemporary porcelain, 389-394
Garniture, term explained, 23
—— de cheminée in Chinese porcelain, 139
Geneva, porcelain painters at, 271, 311
Gersaint, his catalogue of Oriental porcelain, 230
Ginori family at Doccia, 320-321
Glass, possible influence on early Chinese glazes, 57
—— made by Hu imitated in porcelain, 113
Glazes, 12, 30-38
—— preparation of, 30
—— applied to unbaked ware by Chinese, 30
Glazes, called oil by Chinese, 31
—— distinguished from enamels, 31
—— fusibility of, 32
—— on Egyptian fayence, 32
—— composition of ancient, 33, 144-154
—— three main classes of, 34
—— on Chinese porcelain, 35
—— relation to subjacent paste, 35
—— containing lime, 35-36
—— at Sèvres of two types, 36
—— on European porcelain, composition of, 36
—— on Chinese porcelain, composition of, 37
—— when first used by Chinese, 69
—— sole source of decoration on early Chinese porcelain, 70
—— for French soft pastes, 281
—— for hard pastes at Sèvres and Limoges, 306
‘Glozing’ or glazing oven, 27
Gold as source of red colour (see also Rouge d’or), 89
Gotzkowski, Berlin banker, 262
Gotha, Museum at, early Chinese porcelain, 72, 174, 212
—— porcelain made at, 269
Gouyn, Charles, manager at Chelsea, 333
Granite, primary source of both kaolin and petuntse, 9
Granitic rocks, varieties of, 9
Granja, La, porcelain gabineto at, 323
Gravant, potter at Sèvres, 290, 294
Graviata bowls, 115
Green and blue enamels not successfully united by Chinese, 98 note
—— —— on two vases of Ming porcelain in British Museum, 99 note
—— glazes on Chinese porcelain, 149
—— of famille verte, how applied, 99-100
Grieninger, manager at Berlin, 263
Growan-stone and clay, 377

Hague, porcelain made at, 273, 389, 393
Hampton Court, Oriental porcelain at, 185, 225-226
Hampton Court, no specimens of famille rose or of ‘Old Japan,’ 225
—— —— age of porcelain represented at, 226
—— —— Queen Mary’s china cabinet, 226
Hancock, Robert, working at Battersea, 347
—— —— and transfer-printing, 360
Handles, fixing of, 23
Hannong family, Strassburg potters, 268, 269, 305, 313, 318
Hardness of porcelain, 5, 18
Haslem, J., on casting process at Derby, 26, 354
Hat-stands in Chinese porcelain, 139
Haviland factory at Limoges, 389, 390
Hellot, chemical adviser at Sèvres, 291, 300
—— his memoir quoted, 278-280, 294, 299
Herculaneum works at Liverpool, 371
Herend, in Hungary, porcelain factory at, 271, 392
Herold or Höroldt at Meissen, 253
Hippisley, translations from Chinese, 91 note
Hirado or Mikôchi ware, 193-195
Hirth, Dr., on early Chinese trade, etc., 54, 210-213
—— —— collection of early Chinese porcelain, 72
Höchst, porcelain made at, 264
Holdship, Richard, 358
Holland, Chinese ‘blue and white’ early imported, 158
—— Chinese porcelain in, 229
—— porcelain made in, 272-274, 389, 393
Hookah-bases of Chinese porcelain, 140
Hsuan-te (1425-35), porcelain of, 92
—— blue and white of, 83
Hua-shi, a stone used in Chinese porcelain, 131, 376
Hungary, porcelain made in, 271, 392
Hung-chi (1487-1505), porcelain of, 93, 147
Hunger, at Vienna, 260
Hunger, at Venice, 317
Hybrid pastes of Italy, 316

Imari porcelain, 186-193
—— —— elements of decoration, 187
—— —— relation to early Chinese enamelled wares, 187-188
—— —— relation to other Japanese wares, 188
—— —— copied at King-te-chen, 188 note
—— —— composition of paste, 190
—— —— source and nature of materials, 190
—— —— in Dresden collection, 229
Incense, vessels used in burning, of Chinese porcelain, 138
India, Chinese porcelain found in, 85, 158
—— porcelain enamelled at Canton for, 165
Insufflation of glaze by Chinese, 30
Iron-red in fine lines to imitate the rouge-d’or, examples at Dresden, 162

Jade, highly esteemed in China, 57
—— influence on early Chinese glazes, 57
Japan, early pottery of, 177, 179
—— Korean potters in, 179
—— porcelain of, 177-207
Japanese experts on Chinese porcelain, 55
—— porcelain, how introduced from China, 180-181
—— —— early export of ‘blue and white,’ 182
—— —— exported by Dutch, 183-184
—— —— sources of information, 183 note, 193 note
—— —— export stimulated by troubles in China, 184
—— —— princely patronage of, 189, 194
—— —— founded on Ming types, 189, 197, 199
—— —— composition of paste, 190
Japanese porcelain, preliminary firing, 191
—— —— glazes how prepared, 191
—— —— furnaces, 191
—— —— marks of crows-feet, 191
—— —— shapes and uses, 192
—— —— colours employed, 192
—— —— celadon, 192, 195, 197, 201
—— —— stories of processes discovered by spies, 196, 202, 203
—— —— influence of conservative criticism on, 206
—— trade with China, 178
Julien, Stanislas, translations from Chinese, 53
Ju yao, early Chinese ware, 62

Kaga or Kutani ware, 203-206
Kai-feng Fu, old Sung capital, 62, 63, 65
Kakiyemon, a potter of Hizen, 183
—— ware, 185
—— —— blue enamel over glaze, 186
—— —— imitated at Meissen, 253
—— —— imitated at Chantilly, 286
Kändler at Meissen, 253
—— chief modeller of ‘Dresden figures,’ 253
Kang-he (1661-1722), porcelain of, 96
—— his date-mark, why rare, 119
Kaolin, 8, 10
—— preparation of, 16
—— proportion of, in hard pastes, 17, 385
—— search for in France, 305-306
—— found at Alençon and St. Yrieix, 305-306, 378
—— found in Cornwall, 376-378
Kaolinic stoneware, use of term, 69
Karl Theodor, Elector Palatine, 260, 267
Kenzan, potter at Kioto, 197
Khanfu, Arab name for Hangchow, 209
Kia-king (1795-1820), porcelain of, 114, 155
Kia-tsing (1521-66), porcelain of, 94
Kien-lung (1735-1795), porcelain of, 105-114
—— his poems inscribed on porcelain, 113
Kien-lung, Sèvres porcelain for, 298
Kien yao, old Chinese ware, 66, 180
—— —— example in British Museum, 71
—— —— white porcelain, 142, 143
Kilns for firing porcelain. See Furnaces.
King-te-chen in early days, 62
—— oppression of court officials, 94
—— in Kang-he’s reign, 96
—— lists of porcelain made, 95, 104, 115
—— burned, 115, 125, 220
—— position, 123-125
—— Pekin, how reached from, 123
—— Canton, how reached from, 124
—— relation to Jao-chau and Fouliang, 124-125
—— description of town, 125, 127
—— materials brought down in junks, 128
—— foreign designs copied at, 165
—— works abandoned for long period in seventeenth century, 220
Kinsay or Hangchow, 62, 63, 209
Kioto, porcelain made at, 196-199
—— potters copied Ming enamelled wares, 198
—— wares, récherché rudeness of, 197
Kishiu ware or Ô-niwa yaki, 199
—— —— imitated for export at Tokiyo and Kobe, 200
Kiyomidzu, suburb of Kioto, porcelain made at, 197, 198
Kizayemon family, court purveyors of porcelain, 188
Kochi, meaning of Japanese term, 175
—— ware of Japanese, 201
Kok, Juriann, his new porcelain at the Hague, 389, 393
Koransha, combination of Japanese potters, 193
Korea, relations with China and Japan, 168
—— fanciful attribution of various wares to, 169, 186
Korean porcelain, classification of, 170
—— —— celadon, 170
—— —— plain white, 170
—— —— crackle ware, 171
Korean porcelain described in early Chinese books, 171
—— inlaid with white slip, 171
—— potters in Japan, 169
Koreans, early use of enamel colours by, 169
Kousnetzoff factory, Moscow, 392
Ko yao, early Chinese ware, 63, 65, 145
‘Kronenburg porcelain,’ origin of name, 267
Kuang-tung porcelain of Raynal, 166
Kuang yao, stoneware, 166
—— —— early Chinese ware, 63
Kublai Khan, 72, 213
Kutani or Kaga ware, 203-206
—— ware, relation to Imari porcelain, 204
—— —— marks on, 205
Kwan-yin, statues of, 135, 143, 226

Lace imitated in porcelain at Berlin, 264
Lang Ting-tso, superintendent at King-te-chen, 96 note, 103, 151
Lang yao, origin of name, 103
Langen, von, at Fürstenberg, 265
—— —— at Copenhagen, 274
Laque Burgauté, 114
Lathe, use of, in shaping porcelain, 22
Lead in glaze, 33-34
Leithner, chemist at Vienna, 261
Lemon-yellow, opaque glaze on Chinese porcelain, 111-115
Lille, porcelain made at, 284
—— coal early used in porcelain kilns, 285
Lime in paste or glaze of porcelain, 35-36, 251
Limoges district, porcelain works in, 15, 314-315, 389-390
—— enamel copied in Chinese porcelain, 135 note
Lister, Dr. Martin, at Saint-Cloud, 282, 326
Lists of porcelain made for Chinese court, 95, 115
Lithophanic porcelain, at Berlin, 264
Littler at Longton Hall, 348
Liverpool porcelain, 370-371
London, West of England porcelain painted in, 363, 366, 369
Longton Hall porcelain, 348-349
Lowestoft and Oriental armorial porcelain, 369-370
—— china, so-called, 165, 369
—— porcelain, 369-370
Ludwigsburg, porcelain made at, 266
Lung-chuan celadon, reproduced at King-te-chen, 132
—— yao, early Chinese ware, 63
Lung-king (1566-72), porcelain of, 95
Lustre ware, attempted imitation by Chinese, 74 note
Lyle, Mr., on old Siamese porcelain, 173

Macaulay on china collectors, 61 note
Madeley, Sèvres porcelain copied by Randall at, 366
Magnesia, an element of porcelain paste, 12, 131
—— in paste of Vinovo porcelain, 318
—— in paste of Spanish porcelain, 324
Magnets, removal of iron from slip by, 19
Magots, decorated in famille verte style, 100
Mainwaring, Mr. Massey, his collection of Dresden figures, 254 note
Mainz, elector of, and Höchst porcelain, 264
Manchu or Tsing dynasty, 96
Mandarin china, 114
Manganese-purple glazes on Chinese porcelain, 98, 147
—— —— in the San-tsai enamels, 99
Marcolini, Count, director at Meissen, 256
Marieberg, porcelain made at, 273
Marks on Chinese porcelain, 117-122
—— —— how and where applied, 117, 119
—— —— give little information, 119, 122
—— —— Tang or hall, Chai or studio, 120
—— —— allusive, descriptive, emblems and devices, 120-121
—— —— ‘canting’ devices, 121
Marks on European porcelain. See under the principal factories.
—— on Japanese porcelain, 197, 199, 200, 205
Marnes, used in French soft pastes, 279
Martabani celadon, examples in European collections, 71
—— ware, 64-65, 210 seq., 144, 173, 215
Materials of porcelain, M. Vogt’s experiments, 17
Maubrée, flower-painter on porcelain, 271
Mazarin or powder-blue grounds of Chinese, 148
Medici, Lorenzo de’, receives present of Chinese porcelain, 217
—— porcelain, 236-238
—— —— only identified lately, 236
—— —— Vasari’s account, 236
—— —— decoration of, 237
—— —— composition of, 237
—— —— marks, 238
Medicine-flasks (yao-ping) or snuff-bottles of Chinese porcelain, 113-114, 140
—— —— of Chinese porcelain, used by Arabs, found in Egyptian tombs, 140
Meissen porcelain, 244-258
—— —— composition, 7, 250-251
—— —— first successfully made (1713-1716), 249
—— —— composition of glaze, 251
—— —— hardness of paste, and difficulties in application of enamels, 251
—— —— early pieces mostly defective, 252
—— —— ‘Dresden figure groups,’ 253
—— —— imitation of Chinese magots, 253
—— —— armorial designs, 253
—— —— flowers imitated, 254
—— —— attempts to make large figures, 254
—— —— effects of Seven Years’ War, 255
—— —— important position of enamel painters, 255
Meissen porcelain, early exported to Turkey, 255 note
—— —— marks on, 257
—— —— recent work, 257, 392
—— —— marks on, copied, 258
—— —— smuggled into England, 334
Melchior at Höchst, 265
—— at Frankenthal, 268
Mennecy, porcelain made at, 287-288
Mica, an element in Chinese porcelain, 11, 131, 376 note
Mikôchi or Hirado ware, 193-195
Ming dynasty, porcelain of, 78-95
—— porcelain, colour decoration, 79, 86-91, 161
—— —— ‘blue and white,’ 81-85, 95, 157
Minton, Thomas, 366, 373
Mirror black glaze on Chinese porcelain, 130, 149
Mohammedan forms of Chinese porcelain, 140
Mo-hung, iron-red painted over glaze, 150
Mokubei, potter at Kioto, 201
Moore, Bernard, imitates Chinese glazes, 387
Morikaga, painted on Kaga ware, 204
Moulding, antiquity of process, 23-25
—— process described, 23-25, 128
—— largely used for Chinese porcelain, 112
Muffle-stoves for firing enamels, 47, 281

Nabeshima or Okôchi ware, 195
Nantgarw porcelain, 367-368
Napoleon’s ideas for decoration of porcelain, 308
Niderwiller, porcelain made at, 270
Nien-hao. See Date-marks.
Nien Hsi-yao, superintendent at King-te-chen, 104-105
Nien yao, 105
Nightingale, Mr., on sales of Chelsea porcelain, 335 note, 336 note
Ninsei, potter at Kioto, 196
Nove, Le, porcelain factory at, 318
Nymphenburg, porcelain made at, 267
Nyon, porcelain made at, 271

Okeover plate in British Museum, 164
Okôchi or Nabeshima ware, 195
‘Old Japan.’ See Imari.
Ô-niwa yaki or Kishiu ware, 199-200
Oriental porcelain, earliest specimens in Europe, 217-218
Orleans, Duke of, collector of Oriental porcelain, 230
—— —— and Saint-Cloud, 283
—— family, interest in porcelain, 314
—— porcelain made at, 288
Ormolu mountings at Sèvres, 297
—— —— on English porcelain, 339
Orry de Fulvi at Vincennes,