290
Oude Amstel, Dutch porcelain, 273
—— Loosdrecht, porcelain made at, 272
Ovens for firing porcelain. See Furnaces.
Owari porcelain, 201-203
—— —— materials and composition, 190
—— —— cheap ware for export, 203
Owen, Mr., on Bristol porcelain, 376, 381 note

Painted glazes, term explained, 44, 59
—— —— on Ming porcelain, 79
—— —— of Hsuan-te, 92
Painters on Chinese porcelain, 108
—— —— signatures of, 108
—— —— division of work, 129
—— on Sèvres porcelain, signatures of, 303
Painting, schools of, in China, 82
—— on porcelain. See also Enamelling.
Palissy probably endeavoured to make porcelain, 239 note
Parian ware, 373
Paris, soft-paste factories at, 288
—— hard-paste factories at, 312-314
Pâte-sur-pâte, 41, 311
‘Peach-bloom’ glaze, 105, 154
Pen-rests in Chinese porcelain, 139
Persia, Chinese porcelain in, 147, 157, 215, 216
Persian fayence compared with Chinese porcelain, 73
Persian fayence, early use of blue under glaze, 74, 75
—— —— Chinese influence on, 76
—— Gulf, early Chinese trade with, 213
—— —— English trade with, 221
—— inscription on fifteenth century Chinese porcelain, 94
Petuntse (see also China-stone), 8, 10
—— proportion of, in hard pastes, 385
Pierced decoration in Chinese porcelain, 154
Pillows in Chinese porcelain, 139
Pinxton porcelain, 371
—— Billingsley makes porcelain at, 368, 371
Pirkenhausen factory, Carlsbad, 392
Place, Dr., of York, experiments with various clays, 242
Planché, modeller at Derby, 351
Plymouth porcelain, 375-381
—— —— composition of glaze, 380
—— —— marks on, 380
Poems on Chinese porcelain, 113
Poison detected by Chinese porcelain, 215
Polo, Marco, account of China, 72
—— —— on Chinese porcelain, 213-214
Pompadour, Marquise de, and Sèvres, 290, 292, 295, 300
Porcelain, physical properties of, 5
—— microscopical structure, 5
—— chemical composition, 6-12
—— materials, 14-18
—— transition to kaolinic stoneware in Japanese porcelain, 206
—— vague early use of the word, 217
—— early reports in Europe as to its composition, 223
‘Porcelain fever’ at time of Seven Years’ War, 255
Porcelain or purslane, word, how used in Elizabethan times, 222
Portugal, porcelain made in, 325
Portuguese in China, 219
—— as importers of porcelain, 222, 230
Poterat family of Rouen, 239, 282, 284
Potsherds of Chinese porcelain, ground up for paste of English porcelain, 326 note
Potter’s wheel, 20-22
—— —— early forms, 20-21
Pourcelainnes, the word, how used by Marco Polo, 214
Pressing, process described, 23

Quan-yin, or Kwan-yin (Jap. Kwannon), 135, 143, 226

Randall copies Sèvres porcelain, 366
Raynal, Abbé, on Chinese porcelain, 85
—— —— quoted, 166, 231
—— —— on classification of Oriental porcelain, 223 note
Réaumur makes porcelain, 278
Red decoration sous couverte, 43
Red Sea ports, early Chinese trade with, 213
Reine, porcelaine de la, made in Rue Thiroux, 313
Reproductions of old types of Chinese porcelain, 104, 115
Riaño, Don Juan, on Spanish porcelain, 322, 325
Rice-grain, in pierced decoration, 155
Ringler, the arcanist, 264, 266, 267
Risampei, a Korean, at Arita, 181
Ritual vessels in Chinese porcelain, colours of, 138
Rockingham porcelain, 371-372
Rörstrand, porcelain made at, 273
—— —— contemporary work, 388, 393
Rose, John, 365, 366
Rose-red grounds (opaque), mei-kwei, on Chinese porcelain, 110
Roses on English porcelain, 352, 368
Rouen porcelain, 238-239, 282
—— —— examples where found, 239
Rouge d’or on Chinese porcelain, 107
—— —— date of introduction in China, 110 note
—— —— not mentioned by D’Entrecolles, 136
—— —— late introduction in Japan, 189, 205
—— —— used early at Saint-Cloud, 283
Rouge d’or, source of, 284 note
—— —— mentioned in De Frasnay’s poem, 284 note
Rozenburg works at the Hague, 389, 393
Russian porcelain, 274, 392

Sacrifice of the potter Tung, 113
Saint-Cloud, porcelain made at, 282-284
—— seventeenth century designs on porcelain, 283
St. Petersburg, porcelain made at, 274, 392
Saladin’s present of Chinese porcelain, 215
Salting collection, early vase with cloisons, 80
—— —— enamelled bowl with Cheng-te mark, 89, 161
—— —— famille verte with black ground, 101
Salvétat, notes to Julien’s work, 53
Samson, imitates old wares, 314
Sanda celadon, 201
Sang de bœuf glazes, 42
—— —— imitated in England, 387
—— —— on Chinese porcelain, 151
San tsai or ‘three-colour’ glazes, 44
—— —— the ‘three colours’ of Ming enamels, 89, 97
—— —— relation to Kishiu ware, 98
Saracenic glass, enamels on, 88
—— —— found in China, 88 note
—— motives and forms in Chinese porcelain, 76, 140
—— origin of enamelled porcelain, 87, 88
Sassanian influence on Far East, 70 note
Sawankalok, porcelain made at, 173, 212 note
Sceaux, porcelain made at, 288
Schneeball-vasen, 254
Schnorrische Erde used by Böttger, 250
Seggars, preparation and arrangement in furnace, 28-29
—— arrangement in Chinese furnaces, 133
—— late introduction in Japan, 188
Sei-ji, Japanese term for celadon, 64
Sentoku, Japanese reading of Hsuan-te, 92
Seto, village in Owari, connection with Japanese porcelain, 180, 202
Seto-mono, Japanese equivalent to ‘china,’ 202
Sève for Sèvres, 290 note
‘Severe’ or kaolinic porcelain, 17-18, 385-386
Sèvres, experimental work at, 15
—— hard paste, two types, 17
—— the new porcelain, 18
—— the soft paste of, 289-304
—— porcelain works removed to, 292
—— edicts against competing works, 295
—— the factory a fashionable lounge, 295
—— date of the best work, 297
—— soft paste abandoned, 303
—— —— repainted at later dates, 304
—— the hard paste of, 305-312
—— German workmen at, 305
—— Macquer succeeds Hellot, 305
—— early hard paste of mild type, 306
—— the new mild type of hard paste, 307, 390
—— proposed withdrawal of State support, 310, 311, 312
—— hard paste, analysis of, 386
—— contemporary porcelain, 389, 390
—— laboratory, chemical and technical researches on Chinese porcelain, 47-48, 55
—— porcelain sold at Versailles, 292
—— —— biscuit figures, 296
—— —— royal dinner-services, 297-298
—— —— colours of grounds on, 299
—— —— turquoise enamel, how prepared, 299
—— —— Rose carnée or Pompadour, 300
—— —— gilding on, 301
—— —— date-marks on, 302
—— —— jewelled decoration, 302
—— —— artists’ marks on, 303
—— —— felspathic glaze, 306
—— —— glaze on early hard paste, 306
—— —— big vases of, 307-308
—— —— the Napoleonic decoration, 308
—— —— changes in decoration illustrate history, 310
—— —— coloured pastes, 311
—— —— pictorial plaques, 271, 311
—— —— later developments, 312, 390
‘Shaping,’ term explained, 20
Sha-t’ai or ‘sand-bodied’ relation to hua-shi, 132
—— —— used as slip, 154
Shonsui, first made porcelain in Japan, 181
Siamese porcelain, 172-175
—— —— primitive methods of support in kilns, 174, 211
—— —— Buddhist emblems, 175
—— —— decorated at Canton, 175
Signatures of painters on famille rose plates, 108
Silica, proportion of, in hard pastes, 7, 385
Silver plate replaced in France by porcelain, 285
Slip or barbotine, 19, 312
—— decoration of Chinese porcelain, 146, 147, 154
Slop-blending, 16
Snuff-bottles of Chinese porcelain, 113-114, 140
Soft pastes, how distinguished, 277 note
—— —— of France, origin of, 277-279
—— —— composition, 279
Solon, M., at Sèvres, 311
Sometsuke, Japanese term for ‘blue and white,’ 187
Soufflé glazes on Chinese porcelain, 30, 150
Sous couverte or under-glaze decoration, 43
Spain, porcelain made in, 322-324
—— Chinese porcelain early imported, 322
Spengler of Zurich at Derby, 354
Spode family of Stoke, 372-373
—— Josiah, abandons use of frit in porcelain, 373
—— —— his felspar porcelain, 373
—— ware, 373-374
Sprimont, Nicholas, manager at Chelsea, 333, 338, 341
—— —— his Case of the Undertaker, 334
Staffordshire porcelain, composition, 372
Steatite in Chinese porcelain, 131
—— used at Worcester, 359
—— used at Swansea, 368
—— relation to Hua-she, 376 note
Stoneware, relation of, to porcelain, 7, 386
—— composition, 7
Stonewares of Chinese, 165-167
Strassburg, porcelain made at, 269
Strawberry Hill, porcelain at, 266, 283, 321, 379 note
Sui-ki, Chinese term for crackle or truité ware, 146
Sumatra, Chinese trade with, 210
Sung dynasty of China, 62
—— porcelain, 62-68
—— —— copied in later times, 52, 104
—— —— rarity in European collections, 71
Su-ni-po and Su-ma-li, cobalt blues of Arab origin, 92
Swansea porcelain, 367-369
Swedish porcelain, 273
—— —— contemporary work, 388, 393
Swinton, Rockingham porcelain made at, 371
Swiss porcelain, 270

Ta-mo (Jap. Daruma), 143
Tang dynasty of China, importance of, 56, 209
Tang-ying, superintendent at King-te-chen, 110
—— report on manufacture of porcelain, 111-113
Tao-kwang (1820-50), porcelain of, 115
Tea drinking, influence on ceramic wares, 179, 224, 243
—— —— ridiculed in drinking-song, 243
Tek-kwa or Te-hua, 142
‘Throwing’ on wheel, 20-22
Thüringer Wald, porcelain made in, 269
Tin enamel used at Chantilly, 286, 294
Tin-glazed fayence, 73
Tin in glaze, 33-34
Ting yao, old Chinese ware, 67, 141
Tingui of Marco Polo, 213-214
Tokugawa period, decline of art in later times, 198, 205
Toshiro, Japanese potter, 180
To-t’ai, ‘bodiless’ porcelain, 91
Tournai, porcelain made at, 289
Toys made of Mennecy porcelain, 287
—— made of Chelsea porcelain, 337
Transfer-printing at Bow, 347
—— at Worcester, 360
‘Transmutation’ glazes on Chinese porcelain, 66, 150-154, 151 note
Trembleuse saucers, 283, 294
Trenchard family, early pieces of Chinese porcelain in possession of, 219
Triads of colour—San-tsai, 89, 97
Trou, Henri, at Saint-Cloud, 283
Tsang Ying-hsuan, superintendent at King-te-chen, 96
Tschirnhaus, glass made by, 246-247, 278
—— his connection with Böttger, 246-247, 248
Tsing or Manchu dynasty, 96
Tung, the potter’s god, 113
Tung-chi (1861-74), porcelain of, 115
Tu Ting ware, term explained, 68
Turks use coffee-cups of Oriental porcelain, 224
Turner, Thomas, at Caughley, 365
Turquoise glaze on Chinese porcelain, 97, 147
—— grounds (opaque)—fei-tsui—on Chinese porcelain, 110-111
—— —— on Sèvres porcelain, 299
—— —— on Chelsea porcelain, 339
Tu-ting, 142
Tzu-ching, writer of Bushell MS., 61, 79, 86
Tzu-kin (burnished gold), Chinese name for fond laque, 146

Unaker, kaolin from America, 342, 376, 378
Uranium, black enamel from, 261
Uses of Chinese porcelain, 137-141
—— of Japanese porcelain, 192

Venice, Chinese porcelain in St. Mark’s, 77 note
—— early attempts to make porcelain in, 235
—— Oriental porcelain abundant in seventeenth century, 235 note
—— porcelain made at, 316-318
—— German influence on porcelain, 317
Vernadsky, on chemical reaction in firing porcelain, 11
Vezzi family at Venice, 316
Vienna, origin of porcelain works, 260
—— porcelain, decoration, 260
—— —— marks on, 260
Villeroy, Duc de, and Mennecy, 287
Vincennes, porcelain made at, 289-291, 293-295
—— bleu du roi, 294
—— early perfection of porcelain, 295
Vinovo, or Vineuf, porcelain factory at, 318
Vissage or wreathing, 22, 106 note, 384
Vogt, M., of Sèvres, quoted, 17, 278

Wall, Dr. John, at Worcester, 357, 363
Walpole, Horace, porcelain from Doccia, 321
Wan-li (1572-1619), his present of porcelain to Jehangir, 85
—— porcelain of, 95
Warham, Archbishop, celadon bowl at Oxford, 218
‘Wasters,’ importance of discovery of, 29
Watteau, influence on German art, 253
Wedgwood, his Jasper ware, 40
—— at Meissen, 256
—— and fugitive workmen, 381 note
—— his opposition to Champion, 383
Weesp, in Holland, porcelain made at, 272
White Chinese porcelain, two families of, 68
Willow pattern at Caughley, 365
Worcester porcelain, 357-364
—— —— foundation of factory, 357
—— —— composition of pastes, 358
—— —— the factory described, 358
—— —— Oriental wares copied, 359
—— —— portraits of celebrities, 360, 364
—— —— marks on, 360, 364
—— —— transfer-printing, 360-361
—— —— migration of painters from Chelsea, 361
—— —— bleu du roi grounds, 361-362
—— —— decorated in London, 362-363
—— —— the Chamberlain factory, 363
—— —— late developments, 364
‘Wreathing’ or vissage, 22, 106 note, 384
Wu-kung, five vessels on Buddhist shrine, 138
Wu-shê (see Garniture), 139
Wu-tsai, the ‘five colours’ of Ming enamels, 89
—— relation to famille verte, 101

Yang-tsai, ‘foreign colours,’ associated with Indian enamels, 165
Yao-pien, or furnace transmutation, 152
Yao-ping, or medicine-flasks, 113, 140
Yeiraku ware, 198-199
Yeisen, potter at Kioto, 197
Yellow glazes on Chinese porcelain, 94, 147
Yi-hsing yao, stoneware, 165
Yuan or Mongol dynasty, 72
—— —— porcelain of, 77, 152
Yung-cheng (1722-35), porcelain of, 103-105
—— copies of old wares, 104
—— his early interest in porcelain, 135
Yung-lo (1402-24), early date-mark, 67
—— porcelain of, 68, 91

Zaitun, 142, 209, 213
Zanzibar, Chinese porcelain found at, 211
Zengoro, family of Japanese potters, 198
—— his coral red, his Yeiraku seal, 198-199
—— his Kairaku ware in Kishiu, 200
—— Hozen at Kutani, 205
Zurich, porcelain made at, 270