[1] Cantor Lectures, Journal of Society of Arts, vol. xxvi. p. 74.

[2] Needle-shaped, slender and sharp-pointed.

[3] Manilla hemp.

[4] For this purpose, a microscope having a magnifying power of 120 to 150 diameters will be found efficient.

[5] "Commercial Organic Analysis." By A. H. Allen, F.C.S., vol. i. p. 316.

[6] For Table of French Measures see end of this work.

[7] Pectous, pertaining to or consisting of pectose or pectin. Pectose is a substance contained in the pulp of unripe fleshy fruit, also in fleshy roots and other vegetable organs. It is insoluble in water, but under the influence of acids is transformed into pectin.

[8] A litre equals 34 fluid ounces nearly.

[9] "Commercial Organic Analysis." By A. H. Allen, F.C.S., vol. i.

[10] Septa, plural of septum, a partition, as the partitions of an orange, for example.

[11] "Manufacture of Paper." By C. T. Davis, Philadelphia, 1887.

[12] Patent dated 16th December, 1884, No. 539.

[13] "Forestry and Forest Products," p. 501, and Cross and Bevan's "Text Book of Paper-making," p. 65.

[14] "Practical Paper Maker," by James Dunbar. Mackenzie and Storrie, Leith, 1887.

[15] "Practical Treatise on the Manufacture of Paper." By Carl Hofmann, Philadelphia, 1873.

[16] The Chemist. Edited by Charles and John Watt, p. 552; 1855.

[17] School of Mines Quarterly, a Journal of Applied Science. Jan., 1889.

[18] The cord is a pile containing 128 cubic feet, or a pile 8 feet long, 4 feet high, and 4 feet broad.

[19] Wagner's "Jahresb." 1860, p. 188.

[20] Paper-Makers Monthly Journal, March 15th, 1889.

[21] Sometimes also called thiosulphite of soda.

[22] "The Art of Soap-making." By Alexander Watt. London, Crosby Lockwood and Son, 4th edition, 1890.

[23] Sometimes called "concentrated alum," "pearl alum," etc.

[24] Muspratt's "Chemistry Applied to the Arts."

[25] "Art of Leather Manufacture." By Alexander Watt. Crosby Lockwood and Son, 1885.

[26] "Proceedings of the Society of Civil Engineers," vol. lxxix. p. 245.

[27] Paper-Makers' Monthly Journal, April 15th, 1889.

[28] The berries of Rhamnus catharticus made into a decoction by boiling.

[29] Paper Trade Journal, New York, April 20th, 1889.

[30] Sanitary World, March 29th, 1884.

[31] Industries, January 25th, 1889.

[32] "Seventh Annual Report of Local Government Board," 1877-8.

[33] School of Mines Quarterly Journal of Applied Science, January, 1889, New York.

[34] These balances may be obtained from Mr. Oertling, Coppice Row, London, or of any philosophical instrument maker.

[35] There are two principal methods of analysing or assaying alkalies by means of the test-acid, namely, volumetric, or by volume, and gravimetric, or by weight, in which a specific gravity bottle, capable of holding exactly 1,000 grains of distilled water, is used.

[36] New York Paper Trade Journal, 1878.