551 The list is given in the appendix to his Theatro Hespañol, under the title:—Catalogo Alphabetico de las Comedias Tragedias, &c. Madrid, 1785.
552 The Alcazar del Secreto, and the Gitanilla de Madrid, and several other pieces of merit, by Antonio de Solis, may be found in La Huerta’s Theatro Hespañol. Accounts of the editions of the dramas and other works of this ingenious writer, are given by Dieze in his edition of Velasquez.
553 This piece is printed with several others by Moreto, in the Theatro Hespañol.
554 It belongs to the class of comedias de figuron. (See p. 367.) La Huerta places this comedy at the commencement of his Theatro Hespañol.
555 Blankenburg, in his literary appendix to Sulzer’s Dictionary, expresses a doubt whether there ever was a particular collection of the comedies of Maestro Tirso de Molina. I can at least state that I have seen a fifth volume of his comedies, (Madrid, 1636, in quarto), which contains eleven dramas, chiefly historical and spiritual.
556 This is the only drama by Rojas given in La Huerta’s Theatre; and in the older collections the works of Rojas seldom appear.
557 Many of his dramas may be found in various collections. They are included along with his other poems in the Cithara de Apolo by D. Agust. de Salazar y Torres, Madrid, 1692, in two volumes, published by one of the author’s friends, who on his part was a perfect Gongorist, as the title of the collection sufficiently proves.
558 Nicolas Antonio, a very incompetent judge in matters of taste, lauds Antonio de Mescua to the skies. But he is seldom mentioned by other authors.
559 A historical comedy by Guillen de Castro, entitled, Las Mocedades del Cid, furnished Corneille with the idea of his tragedy of the Cid.
560 An elegant edition of the Historia de la Conquista de Mexico, por D. Antonio de Solis, in 2 vols. quarto, was published at Madrid in 1776.
561 The following are the historiographic rules of Antonio de Solis, in his own words:—
Los Adornos de la Eloquencia son accidentes en la Historia, cuya substancia es la Verdad, que dicha como fue, se dize bien: siendo la puntualidad de la noticia la mejor elegancia de la Narracion. Con este conocimiento he puesto en la certidumbre de lo que refiero, mi principal cuydado. Examen, que algunas vezes me bolviò à la tarea de los Libros, y Papeles: porque hallando en los Sucessos, ò en sus circunstancias, discordantes, con notable oposicion, à nuestros mismos Escritores, me ha sido necessario buscar la Verdad con poca luz, ò congeturarla de lo mas verisimil; pero digo entonces mi reparo: y si llego á formar opinion, conozco la flaqueza de mi dictamen, y dexo, lo que afirmo, al arbitrio de la razon.—Prologo.
562 They are all collected under the title of Obras de Lorenzo Gracian, &c. Amberes, 1725, in 2 vols. quarto.
563 Of this the following fragment of a conversation between Fortune and a dissatisfied person, affords a specimen:—
Tampoco será el llamarte hijo de tu madre. Menos, antes me glorio yo de esso, que ni yo sin ella, ni ella sin mi: ni Venus sin Cupido, ni Cupido sin Venus. Ya se lo que es, dixo la Fortuna. Que? Que sientes mucho el hazerte heredero de tu abuelo el mar, en la inconstancia, y engaños? No por cierto, que essas son niñerias; pues si estas son burlas, que seràn las veras? Lo que à mi me irrita, es, que me levanten testimonies. Aguarda, que ya te entiendo, sin duda es aquello que dizen, que trocaste el arco con la muerte, y que desde entonces no te llaman ya amor de amar, sino de morir, amor á muerte; de modo, que amor, y muerte todo es uno. Crisi iv.
564 He reduces all mental talents and faculties to two kinds, Genio and Ingenio. But the distinctions he draws between them, are as difficult to translate as the different applications of the French word Esprit. On this subject he says, among other things:—
Estos dos son los dos Exes del lucimiento discreto, la naturaleza los alterna, y el arte los realça. Es el hombre aquel celebre Microcosmos, y el Alma su firmamento. Hermanados el Genio, y el Ingenio, en verificacion de Athlante, y de Alcides; asseguran el brillar, por lo dichoso, y lo lucido, á todo el resto de prendas.
El uno sin el otro, fue en muchos felicidad à medias, acusando la embidia, ò el descuido de la suerte.
565 For example, in the treatise last quoted, he says:—
Ay hombres tan desiguales en las materias, tan diferentes de si mismos en las ocasiones, que desmienten su propio credito, y deslumbran nuestro concepto; en unos puntos discurren, que buelan, en otros, ni perciben, ni se mueven. Oy todo les sale bien, mañana todo mal, que aun el entendimiento, y la ventura tienen desiguales. Donde no ay disculpa, es en la voluntad, que es crimen del alvedrio, y su variar no està lexos del desvariar. Lo que oy ponen sobre su cabeça, mañana lo llevan entre pies, por no tener pies, ni cabeça.
566 The Spanish title of this work is, Agudeza y Arte de Ingenio.
567 Si el percibir la agudeza acredita de Aguila, el produzirla empeñara en Angel: empleo de Cherubines y elevacion de hombres, que nos remonta à extravagante Gerarquia.
568 Es este ser uno de aquellos, que son mas conocidos à bulto y menos à precision: dexase percibir, no definir, y en tan remoto assunto estimese qualquiera descripcion, lo que es para los ojos la hermosura, y para los oidos la consonancia, esso es para el entendimiento el concepto.
569 These letters are contained in the collection of Mayans y Siscar.
570 The Real Academia Española, founded on the plan of the Académie Française.
571 It is singular that over all Europe, the Portuguese phrase, Auto da Fe, has become current in preference to the Spanish Auto de Fe.
572 La Huerta includes this play among the four Comedias Heroycas of his Theatro Hespañol, probably for the sake of its elegant language; for in other respects it would not have been difficult to have selected a better drama in the class to which it belongs.
573 This comedy, which may be found in many collections, is also included in La Huerta’s Theatro Hespañol.
574 This piece is also contained in the Theatro Hespañol.
575 For example, the word Madamisela from the French Mademoiselle. In like manner Cervantes introduced the word Madama, but it is employed only in a comic sense.
576 I have seen the third edition of the poetic writings of this lady. The following is the title:—Poemas de la unica poetisa Americana, Musa decima, Soror Juana Inez de la Cruz, &c. Sacolas a luz D. Juan Camacho Gayna, Cavallero del orden de Santiago, &c. Barcelona 1691, in quarto.—It certainly would not be fair to pass by unnoticed a book of this kind which went through three editions.
577 The following is one of three sonnets, in which the authoress rings changes on the theme, “whether it is better to be beloved without loving, or to love without being beloved.”
578 For example, the following, in which, however, the play of the Antitheses becomes at last frigid.
579 One of these lyric romances begins in the following manner:—
580 It commences thus:—
581 The new edition which I have now before me, entitled, Obras poeticas del Excellmo. Señor Don Eugenio Gerardo Lobo, Madrid, 1758, in 2 vols. quarto, is printed in a style of elegance by no means common in Spanish books of that period.
582 The title is:—La Poetica, ò Reglas de la poesia en general, y de sus principales especies, por D. Ignacio de Luzan Claramunt de Suelves, y Gurrea, Zaragoza, 1737.
583 He says:—Yo sè, que estas cosas, donde la critica tiene alguna parte, se suelen bautizar de algunos con el nombre de bachillerias.
585 Thus, he says, Homer intended his Iliad, as a book of moral and political instruction, suited to the most vulgar understanding:—
Con este intento escribiò Homero sus Poemas, explicando en ellos à los entendimientos mas bassos las verdades de la Moral, de la Politica, y tambien (como muchos sientan) de la Philosophia natural, y de la Theologia. Pues en la Iliada debaxo de la Imagen de la Guerra Troyana, y de las disensiones de los Capitanes Griegos, propuso à la Grecia entonces dividida en vandos un exemplo en que aprendiesse à apaciguar sus discordias, conociendo quan graves daños causaban al publico, y quan necessaria para el sucesso en las empressas era la union, y concordia de los Gefes de un Exercito.—Book I.
586 The following passage will afford a specimen of Luzan’s didactic style:—
Y estos con el vano, inutil aparato de agudezas, y conceptos afectados, de metaphoras extravagantes, de expressiones hinchadas, y de terminos cultos, y nuevos, embelesaron el Vulgo, y aplaudidos de la ignorancia comun, se usurparon la gloria debida à los buenos Poetas. Fuè creciendo este desorden sin que nadie intentasse oponersele. Los ignorantes, no teniendo quien les abriesse los ojos, seguian aciegas la voceria de los aplausos populares, y alababan lo que no entendian, sin mas razon que la de el exemplo ajeno.—Book I.
587 He says:—Digo, que se podrà definir la Poesia, imitacion de la naturaleza o en lo universal, o en lo particular, hecha en versos, o para utilidad, o para deleite de los hombres, o para uno y otro juntamente.—Lib. I. cap. 5.
588 The following are his own words:—
Estos dos diversos assuntos, y fines hacen tambien diversa la Fabula Tragica de la Comica, y à entrambas de la Fabula en general: à todas tres es comun el ser un discurso inventado, ò una ficcion de un hecho: pero con esta diferencia, que la Fabula Tragica ha de ser imitacion de un hecho en modo apto para corregir el temor, y la compassion, y otras passiones: y la Fabula Comica ha de ser imitacion, ò ficcion de un hecho en modo apto para inspirar el amor de alguna virtud, ò el desprecio, y aborrecimiento de algun vicio, ú defecto.—Lib. III.
589 He says:—
Y en fè de que en mi no falta tan debida equidad no pudiendo referir aqui distintamente, y por menudo los muchos aciertos de nuestros Comicos, porque para esso seria menester escribir un gran volumen à parte; me contentarè con decir por mayor, y en general, que en todos comunmente hallo rara ingeniosidad, singular agudeza, y discrecion, prendas mui essenciales para formar grandes poetas, y dignas de admiracion; y añado que en particular alabarè siempre en Lope de Vega la natural facilidad de su estylo, y la suma destreza, con que en muchas de sus Comedias se ven pintadas las costumbres, y el character de algunas personas: en Calderòn admiro la nobleza de su locucion, que sin ser jamàs obscura, ni afectada, es siempre elegante; &c.—Lib. III.
590 Velasquèz, under the conviction that nothing could be more correct and striking than Luzan’s judgment on the Spanish drama, has quoted his opinions at length, and incorporated them in his History of Spanish Poetry.
591 The two opening stanzas of this poem, will afford a sufficient specimen of the poetic diction of the ingenious author:—
592 The following three stanzas from this poem will serve to shew the manner in which Luzan combined his poetic subject with the peculiarities requisite in a poem written on a particular occasion:—
593 These, and the other inedita of Luzan, are included in the second and fourth volumes of the Parnaso Español.
594 Oracion en que se exhorta à seguir la verdadera idea de la eloquencia Española. It is contained in the first volume of the ten quoted Origenes of this meritorious author.
595 Rhetorica de Don Gregorio Mayans y Siscar. Valencia, 1757, 2 volumes, 8vo.
597 See Dieze on Velasquez p. 265. Lessing has made the Germans acquainted with Montiano’s Virginia. Though Lessing knew little of Spanish dramatic literature, even at second hand, he at that time took an interest in every tragic Virginia, because he was engaged in a Virginia of his own, which he ultimately converted into his Emilia Galotti.
598 In the fifth act, when the catastrophe is near its developement, Virginia discourses in the following manner with Icilius, her betrothed bridegroom:—
599 Discurso sobre las tragedias Españolas, de D. Agustin de Montiano y Luyando, &c. Madrid 1750, in 8vo. published along with Virginia.
600 The following are his own words:—
Por mi ofrezco al publico La Virginia; Tragedia que he procurado trabajar con algun estudio, y desuelo: y si logro que no se desprecie, serà quanta ventaja puedo proponerme, y esperar por galardon de mi fatiga: mas el inducir à mis compatriotas, à que imiten este rumbo, y à que le mejoren (como le serà mas facil que à mi à qualquiera regular ingenio) cabe unicamente en las facultades de la providencia, segun la obstinacion de los muchos que permanecen alistados en las centurias del ignorante vulgo.
601 El ignorante vulgo, is the favourite expression of all the Spanish Gallicists, whenever they speak of the Spanish public.
602 The beautiful commencement of this Egloga piscatoria may be transcribed here:—
603 The commencement of this romance calls to mind the compositions of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries:—
604 These and the other poems extant by La Huerta, are included in the Obras poeticas de D. Vicente Garcia de la Huerta, &c. Madrid, 1779, in 2 volumes octavo.
605 See the preface to the before-mentioned Obras.
606 For example, in the following speech of Rachel. The king has left her; and she meditates on the probable consequences of his absence:—
607 He utters the following exclamations, while, at the same time, he endeavours to escape from the perils by which he is surrounded:—
608 In one of the first scenes, Garcia de Castro avows his sentiments to the king with the spirit of a true knight and the fidelity of a subject:—
610 The narrative passages in octaves are excellent. For example:—
611 This collection which has been so frequently alluded to in the course of the present work, is entitled:—Theatro Hespañol, por Don Vicente Garcia de la Huerta, Madrid, 1785, sq. in 16 volumes, small octavo. The 16th volume, which contains some critical notices in the form of an appendix, was published very lately. The 15th volume, which bears the title of Suplemento, comprises the tragic dramas of La Huerta himself; and the 14th volume presents a choice selection of burlesque interludes. The work also contains an alphabetic list of most of the dramas in the Spanish language, which is extremely useful. The title is characteristic from the substitution of the word Hespañol for Español, according to its derivation from Hispanus.
612 These expressions are collected from the prefaces to some of the volumes of La Huerta’s Theatro Hespañol. It is not necessary to give precise references to passages.
613 They are included in the first volume of the Coleccion de Obras en verso y prosa de D. Tomàs de Yriarte, Madrid, 1787, 8vo.
614 Fables cannot be judged of from fragments; therefore the subjoined, which is in the popular song form, is transcribed at length.
615 This fable may likewise be inserted here. It is particularly remarkable for the happy employment of the redondillas.
616 La musica, poema. It has been several times printed. In the Obras de D. Tomas Yriarte it occupies one half of the first volume.
617 For example, the following lines, which occur at the commencement of the second canto of the poem, and which relates to the invention and progress of Music.