[1] Eothen, ch. xxiii.

[2] The natives have at last borrowed the sloping red-tiled roofs from the Franks who introduced them. Cf. a letter written by Professor G. A. Smith to the Spectator, October 1891.

[3] Tent Work, p. 54.

[4] Cf. The Semites, Robertson Smith, chaps. iii. and v.

[5] For these and other instances cf. Historical Geography, p. 52, and Appendix I.

[6] Cf. The Least of all Lands, Principal Miller, ch. 1.

[7] Cf. p. 15.

[8] The Rob Roy on the Jordan, p. 129.

[9] Cf. The Semites, Robertson Smith, p. 97.

[10] Rob Roy, p. 102.

[11] Tent Work, p. 120.

[12] The Rob Roy has contributed gallantly to its exploration. To her captain’s book this chapter is under many obligations.

[13] Tent Work, chaps. xx., xxi.

[14] They are cut with a cross-chiselled margin, and rough outstanding rustic work in the centre. Their size and weight are enormous. One writer, whose sense of humour is hardly equal to his knowledge of Scripture, in describing them is carried away into the statement that “the Jewish architects, taught by their Phœnician neighbours, bestowed special care upon the corners of their great buildings. They show a finish, a solidity, and choice of material superior to other parts.... And how beautifully expressive is the language of the Psalmist, ‘our daughters are corner-stones, polished after the similitude of a palace’—one of the corner-stones of this angle weighs over a hundred tons”!

[15] For an account of these and others cf. Palestine Exploration Fund, Quarterly Statement, October 1901.

[16] See, however, Professor G. A. Smith’s Jerusalem, vol. i. pp. 189, 190.

[17] Haifa, Laurence Oliphant, pp. 317, 318.

[18] “Love among the Ruins,” Robert Browning.

[19] The Dawn of Art, Martin Conway, pp. 58-76.

[20] St. Symeon was a shepherd from the borderland between Cilicia and Syria.

[21] Cf. Schaff’s Church History, Nicene and Post-Nicene Period, chap. iv.

[22] St. Jerome, Ep. xiv.

[23] Cf. pp. 27, 30.

[24] Arabia, the Cradle of Islam, Zwemer, p. 179.

[25] Mediæval Christianity, Schaff, p. 150.

[26] Written in 1904.

[27] The Crusades, Cox, p. 72.

[28] The Crusades, Cox, p. 215. Of these children only 5000 crossed the Mediterranean. They were sold, when they landed, in the slave-markets of Alexandria and Algiers.

[29] Map has the credit of introducing the Grail story into Arthurian romance; Borron of adding the early part which traced it to Joseph of Arimathea.

[30] Cf. Chivalry and Crusades, Stebbing, vol. ii. chaps. iv. and v.

[31] Haifa, Laurence Oliphant, p. 189.

[32] The Semites, Robertson Smith, p. 29.

[33] Ibid. pp. 244, 257.

[34] Deut. xxviii. 47, 48.

[35] Deut. xxviii. 47, 48.

[36] Robert Browning, William Sharp, p. 203.

[37] Gen. xxxv. 16, 19.

[38] Haifa, pp. 270-272; Tent Work, p. 85.

[39] Cf. The Dawn of Art, Martin Conway, p. 95, etc.; Some Aspects of the Greek Genius, Professor Butcher, p. 30.

[40] Cf. Rationalism in Europe, Leckie, ii. 197.

[41] Cf. the sprightly figure of Glaucon in Plato’s Republic, B, x, § 9: “Do you know,” says Socrates, “that our soul is immortal and never dies?” “By Jove, I do not,” replies Glaucon. “Are you prepared to prove that it is?”

[42] Arabia, the Cradle of Islam, Zwemer, xiii.

[43] The rags which are hung on trees or fences near certain tombs suggest the medicinal value of holy places, which attracts men to them from selfish interests.

[44] Talisman, xxviii.

[45] East of the Jordan, Dr. Merrill, p. 496.

[46] Tent Work, p. 314.

[47] Marius the Epicurean, Walter Pater, i. 44.

[48] Rob Roy on the Jordan, p. 260.

[49] Eothen, ch. viii.

[50] Cf. Geschichte des Jüdischen Volkes, Schürer, ii. 819, 820.

[51] Cf. The Semites, W. Robertson Smith, iii. v.

[52] Cf. The Semites, W. Robertson Smith, pp. 197, etc.

[53] Tent Work, pp. 68, 204.

[54] Cf. The Semites, Robertson Smith, pp. 16, 17.

[55] East of the Jordan, Merrill, p. 193.

[56] The early Christian belief that the gods of paganism were demons has died hard, if indeed it be quite dead. The “weird horsemen” who in windy nights are to be heard galloping down lonely valleys lead us back to that interesting custom by which a horse was actually provided in some of the temples of the Syrian Herakles, to that the god might ride forth at night.

[57] Haifa, Laurence Oliphant, p. 300.

[58] Job iv. 14-16.

[59] The Cradle of Christianity, D. M. Ross, p. 60.

[60] See p. 36.

[61] Professor G. A. Smith, in his chapter on “The Walls of Jerusalem,” has given the results of an exhaustive study of the most recent research on this subject, and his conclusion is that “on our present data it is hopeless to decide between the rival and contradictory arguments.”—Jerusalem, vol. i. p. 249.