APPENDIX III.
ROMAN COINS FOUND IN SCANDINAVIA.

The following is a list of coins found at Hagestadborg, Scania (550); and at Sindarfe, Gotland (1500).

Nero (54–68 A.D.) 2 2
Vitellius (69) 0 1
Vespasianus (69–79) 1 16
Titus (79–81) 0 5
Domitianus (81–96) 2 10
Nerva (96–98) 1 7
Trajanus (98–117) 26 150
Hadrianus (117–138) 33 225
Sabina, wife of Hadrianus 6 11
Ælius Cæsar (†138) 2 6
Antoninus Pius (138–161) 136 321
Faustina, wife of Antoninus Pius 38 130
Marcus Aurelius (161–180) 145 280
Faustina the younger, wife of Marcus Aurelius 52 97
Lucius Verus (161–169) 21 16
Lucilla, wife of Lucius Verus 11 22
Commodus (180–192) 60 91
Crispina, wife of Commodus 7 11
Pertinax (193) 0 10
Septimius Severus (193–211) 6 13
Julia Domna, wife of Septimius Severus 1 0
Barbaric imitations 0 4
Uncertain (worn) 0 72
 
Total 550 1,500
 
Roman coins from Augustus up to the death of Alexander Severus.
(29 B.C.-A.D. 235.)
Found up to 1869.
Gotland:
Augustus (29 B.C.-A.D. 14) (Silver) 1
Nero (54–68) (Silver) 2
Galba (68–69) (Silver) 3
Otho (69) (Silver) 2
Vespasianus (69–79) (Silver) 23
Titus (79–81) (1 gold, 4 silver) 5
Domitianus (81–96) 7
Nerva (96–98) 5
Trajanus (98–117) 157
Hadrianus (117–138) 175
Sabina, wife of Hadrianus 14
Ælius Cæsar (†138) 1
Antoninus Pius (138–161) 263
Faustina, wife of Antoninus Pius 96
Marcus Aurelius (161–180) 251
Faustina, wife of Marcus Aurelius 87
L. Verus (161–165) 19
Lucilla, wife of L. Verus 18
Commodus (180–192) 86
Crispina, wife of Commodus 11
Pertinax (193) 1
Manlia Scantilla, wife of Didius Julianus 1
Clodius Albinus (†197) 1
Septimius Severus (193–211) 4
Julia Soæmias, mother of Elagabalus 1
Alexander Severus (222–235) 1
Effaced and uncertain 184
 
1 of gold, 1,422 of silver, total   1,423
 
Öland:
Vespasianus (69–79) (Silver) 2
Trajanus (98–117) (Silver) 2
Hadrianus (117–138) (Silver) 4
Antoninus Pius (138–161) (Silver) 19
Faustina, wife of Antoninus Pius (1 brass, 6 silver) 7
Marcus Aurelius (161–180) (Silver) 19
Faustina, wife of Marcus Aurelius (Silver) 5
L. Verus (161–169) (Silver) 3
Lucilla, his wife (Silver) 4
Commodus (180–192) (Silver) 9
Julia Mæsa, grandmother of Elagabalus 1
Alexander Severus(222–235) (Silver) 1
Effaced or uncertain (Silver) 6
   
81 of silver, 1 of brass, total   82
   
Recapitulation.—Entire Sweden:
Mainland (Gold) 1
(Gold) (Silver) 15
(Gold) (brass) 21
Götland (Gold) 1
(Gold) (Silver) 1,422
Öland (Silver) 81
(Gold) (brass) 1
   
2 gold, 1518 of silver, 22 of brass   1,542
   
Zealand:
Vespasianus (69–79) (Silver) 3
Trajanus (98–117) (Brass) 1
Hadrianus (117–138) (Silver) 6
Sabina, wife of Hadrianus (Silver) 1
Antoninus Pius (138–161) (Silver) 16
Faustina senior, wife of Antoninus Pius (Silver) 2
M. Aurelius (161–180) (Silver) 5
Faustina junior, wife of M. Aurelius (Silver) 4
L. Verus (161–169) (Silver) 2
Commodus (180–192) (Silver) 3
Crispina, wife of Commodus (Silver) 3
Septimius Severus (193–211) (Silver) 1
Macrinus (217–218) (Silver) 1
Effaced or uncertain (Silver) 728
 
475 silver and 1 brass, total   476
 
Fyen:
Tiberius (14–37) (Solidus, gold) 1
Nerva (96–98) (Silver) 1
Trajanus (98–117). (Silver) 1
Lucius Verus (161–169) (Silver) 1
Geta (211–212) (Gold) 1
 
2 of gold, and 3 of silver, total   5
 
 
The proportion of effaced or uncertain coins is enormous.
Bornholm:
Nero (54–68) (Silver) 1
Domitianus (81–96) (Silver) 1
Trajanus (98–117) (Silver) 13
Hadrianus (117–138) (Silver) 20
Sabina, wife of Hadrianus (Silver) 2
Antoninus Pius (138–161) (Silver) 49
Faustina senior, wife of Antoninus Pius (Silver) 8
M. Aurelius (161–180) (Silver) 73
Faustina junior, wife of Marcus Aurelius (Silver) 11
L. Verus (161–169) (Silver) 10
Lucilla, wife of L. Verus (Silver) 3
Commodus (180–192) (Silver) 34
Crispina, wife of Conmmodus (Silver) 3
Septimius Severus (193–211) (Silver) 1
Effaced or uncertain (Silver) 7
 
Total   236
 
Jutland:
Nero (54–68) (Silver) 1
Vitellius (69) (Silver) 2
Vespasianus (69–79) (Silver) 4
Domitianus (81–96) (Silver) 1
Trajanus (98–117) (Silver) 8
Hadrianus (117–138) (Silver) 7
Ælius Cæsar (†138) (Silver) 1
Antoninus Pius (138–161) (1 large brass, 16 silver) 17
Faustina senior, wife of Antoninus Pius (Silver) 5
M. Aurelius (161–180) (Silver) 10
Faustina junior, wife of M. Aurelius (Silver) 3
L. Verus (161–169) (Silver) 2
Lucilla, wife of L. Verus (Silver) 2
Commodus (180–192) (Silver) 8
Septimius Severus (193–211) (Silver) 1
Macrinus (217–218) (Silver) 1
 
72 silver and 1 brass, total   73
 
Recapitulation.
Bornholm (Silver) 236
Zealand (Silver) 475
Zealand (brass) 1
Fyen (Gold) 2
Fyen (Silver) 3
Jutland (Silver) 72
Jutland (brass) 1
 
2 gold, 786 silver, 2 of brass, total   790
 
Roman Coins from Claudius to the death of Alexander Severus.
(29 B.C.-A.D. 235.)
Claudius (41–54), Scania (1 gold, 1 brass) 2
Vespasianus (69–79), Scania and Smäland (brass) 2
Trajanus (98–117), Halland (Silver) 1
Hadrianus (117–138), Scania (brass), Upland (Silver), (1 brass, 1 silver) 2
Antoninus Pius (138–161), Scania, near Lund (2 brass, 1 silver) 3
Marcus Aurelius (161–180), Scania (Silver) 2
Lucilla, wife of L. Verus, Halland (Silver) 1
Commodus (180–192), 1 Westergotland, 1 Scania (Silver) 2
Septimius Severus (193–211), Halland (Silver) 1
Julia Domna, wife of Septimius Severus, Scania (Silver) 1
Caracalla (211–217), Halland (Silver) 1
Elagabalus (218–222), Halland (Silver) 1
Alexander Severus (222–235), Scania (large brass) 1
Effaced or uncertain, Scania (14 brass, 3 silver) 17
 
1 gold, 15 silver, 21 brass, total   37
 
Roman coins from the death of Alexander Severus to the death of Theodosius the Great. (A.D. 235–395.)
Found up to 1869.
Norway:
Valens (364–378) (Gold) 1
Valentinianus I. (364–375), Lister and Mandal, near Bergen (Gold) 1
Gratianus (367–383) (in a grave) (Gold) 1
   
Total (Gold) 3
   
Sweden:
Gordianus (238–244), Gotland (Silver) 1
Gallienus (253–268), Scania (brass) 1
Probus (276–282), 1 Södermanland, 1 Scania (Gold) 2
Licinius (307–323), Scania (brass) 1
Constantinus Magnus (306–337),    
1 Södermanland, 3 Scania, 1 Öland (2 gold, 3 brass) 5
Constantinus II. (337–340), Gotland (brass) 2
Constantius II. (337–361), 3 Scania, 1 Gotland (brass) 4
Constans (337–350), Scania (brass) 1
Effaced or uncertain, 1 Upland, 4 Scania (brass) 5
   
4 gold, 1 silver, and 17 brass, total 22
   
Denmark:
Decius (249–251), Fyen (Gold) 1
Aurelianus (270–275), Fyen (Gold) 2
Tacitus (275–276), Fyen (Gold) 1
Probus (276–282), Fyen (Gold) 4
Carus (282–283), Fyen (Gold) 1
Numerianus (283–284), Fyen (Gold) 1
Carinus (283–284), Fyen (Gold) 1
Diocletianus (284–305), Fyen (Gold) 5
Maximianus (286–305), Fyen (Gold) 5
Constantius Chlorus (305–306), Fyen (Gold) 2
Helena, wife of Constantius, Fyen (Gold) 1
Licinius (307–323), Fyen (Gold) 2
Constantinus Magnus (306–337), Jutland 2, Fyen 16 (17 gold, 1 brass) 18
Constantinus II. (337–340), Fyen 2, Zealand 1 (Gold) 3
Constantius II. (337–361), Denmark, locality unknown; 2 in Fyen, 1 Jutland (3 gold, 1 brass) 4
Constans (337–350), Fyen (Gold) 2
Valentinianus I. (364–375), Zealand 1, Jutland 1 (Gold) 2
Other gold coins   5
   
  (58 gold, 2 brass) 58
   
Roman and Byzantine coins from the death of Theodosius the Great to the death of Anastasius. (395–518.)
Found up to 1869.
Swedish Mainland:
Honorius (395–423), Småland 1
Valentinianus III. (425–455), Smäland, Kalmar län 1
Anthemius (467–472), Scania 1
Julius Nepos (474–475), 1 Kalmar län, 1 Blekinge 2
Romulus Augustulus (475–476), Småland 1
Theodosius II. (408–450), Medelpad 1, Upland 4, Småland 1, 2 in Kalmar län, 2 in Blekinge, 3 Scania 13
Marcianus (450–457), Upland 1
Leo I. (457–474), 3 in Upland, 1 on Hoen 4
Zeno (474–491), 1 in Medelpad, 11 in Upland, 1 in Södermanland, 2 in Scania 15
Anastasius (491–518), 2 in Upland, 1 in Kalmar län, 1 in Scania 4
Unknown, Upland 1
 
Total (all gold) 45
 
Öland:
Honorius (395–423) 5
Valentinianus III. (425–455) 13
Majorianus (457–461) 1
Libius Severus (461–465) 9
Anthemius (407–472) 3
Romulus Augustulus (475–476) 1
Arcadius (395–408) 2
Theodosius II. (408–450) 20
Ælia Eudoxia, wife of Theodosius II 2
Marcianus (450–457) 4
Ælia Pulcheria, wife of Marcianus 2
Leo I. (457–474) 19
Leo II. and Zeno (474) 1
Zeno (474–491) 5
Basiliscus (476–477) 1
Unknown 11
 
Total (all gold) 99
 
Gotland:
Honorius (395–423) 4
Majorianus (457–461) 1
Libius Severus (461–465) 1
Procopius Anthemius (467–472) 2
Theodosius II. (408–450) 3
Marcianus (450–457) 1
Leo I. (457–474) 10
Leo II. and Zeno (474) 1
Zeno (474–491) 15
Ælia Ariadne, wife of Zeno 1
Basiliscus (476–477) 1
Anastasius (491–518) 17
 
Total (all gold) 57
 
Recapitulation.
Sweden, Mainland 45
Sweden, Oland 99
Sweden, Gotland 57
 
All gold, total 201
 
Bornholm:
Honorius (395–423) 3
Placidius Valentinianus (425–455) 8
Honoria, sister of Valentinianus 1
Libius Severus (461–465) 1
Anthemius (467–472) 2
Julius Nepos (474–475) 1
Theodosius II. (408–450) 16
Marcianus (450–457) 1
Leo I. (457–474) 12
Leo II. and Zeno (474) 3
Zeno (474–491) 13
Basiliscus (476–477) 1
Basiliscus and Marcus 1
Anastasius (491–518) 5
 
67 of gold, 1 of silver, total 68
 
   
Valentinianus (425–455), Fyen 2
Majorianus (457–461), Fyen 1
Theodosius II. (408–450), 1 Zealand, 1 Fyen 2
Marcianus (450–457), Fyen 1
Leo I. (457–474), 1 Jutland, 5 Fyen 6
Zeno (474–491), 1 Fyen 1
Anastasius (491–518), 2 Fyen 2
Unknown, 1 Jutland, 1 Fyen 2
 
All gold, total 17
 
Recapitulation.
Bornholm (Gold) 67
Bornholm (Silver) 1
Rest of Denmark (Gold) 17
   
84 gold, and 1 silver, total   85
   
Byzantine coins from the time between A.D. 518–850.
Norway:
Tiberius Constantinus (578–582) 1 gold.
Mauricius Tiberius (582–602) 1  
Constantinus V. Copronymus(771–775) 1  
Michael III. (842–867) 1  
 
 
Total 4 gold.
     
Sweden (1 Södermanland, 1 Gotland):    
Justinianus I. (527–565) 2 gold.
     
Denmark (Bornholm):    
Justinus I. (518–527) 1 gold.

In Sweden more than 250 Roman and Byzantine gold coins have been found, and year after year new ones are brought to light.

The whole number of Roman and Byzantine coins of the period before A.D. 850 found up to June, 1872, was—

From the time before Augustus. Augustus-Alexander Severus (29 B.C.-235 A.D.). Alexander Severus-Theodosius (235–395). Theodosius-Anastasius (395–518). After Anastasius (518–850). Total.
Mainland 3 12 4 37 1 57
Scania   584 14 19   617
Öland   88 2 106   196
Gotland 9 3,234 4 64 1 3,312
  12 3,918 24 226 2 4,182
Among these coins are—            
Of gold   2 6 226 2 236
Of silver 12 3,894 1     3,907
Of copper   22 17     39