Table I (d)
STREET CLEANING IN AMERICAN CITIES (Continued)
City	Cubic Yards of Street Sweeping Removed per Week											Number of Weeks in Cleaning Season	Average Number of Cleanings per Week
	Hand Sweeping					Machine Sweeping			Sweeping and Flushing
	Smooth	Rough	Macadam	Total Smooth, Rough and Macadam	Smooth and Rough	Smooth	Total Smooth, Rough and Macadam	Smooth and Rough	Total Smooth, Rough and Macadam	Smooth and Rough	Total
Buffalo												35 to 40 for hand sweeping, machine sweeping, and hand and machine sweeping. 25 for flushing. This is for all kinds of pavement.	6 for hand sweeping all kinds of pavement, 2 for machine sweeping all kinds of pavement, and one for sweeping and flushing all kinds of pavement.
Beacon												35 weeks in cleaning season.	6 times.
Binghamton												27 for hand sweeping, smooth and rough, 29 for machine sweeping, smooth and rough, and 32 for sweeping and flushing, smooth and rough.	6 for hand sweeping all kinds of pavement, 6 for machine sweeping smooth and rough, and sweeping and flushing, smooth and rough.
Cincinnati											2,496	52 weeks.	Business daily, residential one to two times a week.
Cambridge	500					500						52 for hand sweeping smooth pavement, 10 for machine sweeping smooth pavement.	Six for hand sweeping smooth pavement, 2 to 3 times a year for hand sweeping rough and macadam.
Chicago	9,329	5,428	1,558				288					36 for hand sweeping all kinds of pavement.	Six for hand sweeping smooth and rough, and three for hand sweeping macadam.
Camden											14,871[8]
Columbus				10,586[8]			27,348[8]		12,284[2][8]
Cleveland
Cortland												32 weeks.	Six for hand sweeping smooth, and one for hand sweeping macadam.
Dunkirk													6 times.
Denver											58,214[8]	52 weeks.
Elmira												40 weeks.	Seven for hand sweeping smooth, and 2 for flushing rough, and one for flushing macadam.
Fall River												52 weeks.	Nine for hand sweeping smooth and rough.
Grand Rapids
Hudson													Six for hand sweeping rough, and 3 or 4 times a year for machine sweeping smooth.
Jamestown											90	27 weeks.	4½ times.
Kansas City												52 weeks for hand sweeping all kinds of pavement, and 6 times a month for sweeping and flushing all kinds of pavement.	Business section 35, semi-business 7, and residential section one.
Kingston
Los Angeles											1,500	52 for hand sweeping and for flushing all kinds of pavement.	5 times daily for congested and once daily for residential hand sweeping all kinds of pavement. 3 times daily for congested, and one and one-half times daily for residential flushing all kinds of pavement.
Louisville												52 weeks.
Lowell												52 weeks.
Lynn												52 weeks.	Business section twice a day; residential section once a week.
Lackawanna												32 weeks.
Little Falls												32 weeks.	Six for hand sweeping all kinds of pavement.
Milwaukee				75,423[11]								Varies.	From one to six, depending upon districts.
Middletown												32 weeks.	41,300 S. Y. daily; balance twice a week.
Mechanicville												From 30 to 35.	6 times for hand sweeping smooth.
New York City											15,625	52 for hand sweeping, machine sweeping, hand and machine sweeping, and sweeping and flushing smooth and rough pavements.	Nineteen for hand sweeping smooth and rough, 27 for eight months for machine sweeping smooth and rough; number for hand and machine sweeping and sweeping and flushing smooth and rough depends on weather.
New Orleans												52 weeks.	Six, excluding rainy days.
New Bedford												42 for hand and machine sweeping smooth and rough.
Newark	2,001	1,500	388									52 for hand sweeping all kinds.	2 for hand sweeping all kinds.
Norwich												25 weeks.	Once a week.
New Rochelle											72	52 weeks.	Six times a week.
Niagara Falls											150	30 weeks.	Sweeping and flushing smooth once.
Newburgh				48								34 weeks.	Twelve times for hand sweeping smooth and rough.
Oakland			31,276[8]		170			288				All cleaning continuous with reduced force on rainy days and irregular force on macadam cleaning. No machine sweeping on rainy days, which are equal to five to ten weeks a year.	Six times for hand sweeping smooth and rough, from one to four times per year for hand sweeping macadam, four times for machine sweeping smooth and rough.
Oswego												36 times for hand sweeping all kinds of pavements; 36 times for machine sweeping smooth pavement, and 30 times for sweeping and flushing rough pavement.
Ogdensburg													Streets not paved 2 cleanings a year; sections most traveled cleaned with sweeper twice during summer season also. Patrol system in business section also flushed twice a week.
Philadelphia			51,961[8]							377,345[8]		52 for hand sweeping and 45 for machine sweeping all kinds of pavements.	One for hand sweeping macadam, from two to six for machine sweeping smooth and rough, and sweeping and flushing all kinds of pavement.
Providence												52 times for hand sweeping smooth, 8 times a month for hand sweeping macadam and machine sweeping rough.	Six times for hand sweeping smooth; 6 times a year for hand sweeping macadam, and once for machine sweeping rough.
Rochester													Rough swept by hand 3 to 6 times a week; macadam swept by hand once a week; rough machine swept from once to three times a week. Smooth swept and flushed 3 to 6 times a week.
Rensselaer												27 weeks.	From once to twice a week.
Reading													Twice a week.
Richmond
St. Louis											1,000 a day.	52 weeks.	Business daily, residential once a week.
San Francisco											[12]	52 weeks.	Once.
Salt Lake City				24 a day.								10 a month hand sweeping smooth, 3 times a year hand sweeping macadam.
Springfield
Seattle												52 weeks.	Business six, semi-business 3, residential from one to two.
Scranton
Troy												33 for machine sweeping macadam, and 33 for hand and machine sweeping smooth; 33 for sweeping and flushing rough.	Two for machine sweeping macadam and rough; 6 for flushing smooth.
Utica												32 weeks.	From 3 to 6.
Washington			8,602		63,242			29,089				52 for hand sweeping, machine sweeping and flushing and sweeping all kinds of pavement.	Six for hand sweeping smooth and rough; ⅗ for hand sweeping macadam, 3 for machine sweeping smooth and rough, and 2 for sweeping and flushing smooth and rough.

Table I (e)
STREET CLEANING IN AMERICAN CITIES (Continued)
Force										Methods of Cleaning Used
City	Number of Foremen and Inspectors	Wage and Hours Daily[14]	Number of Mechanics and Skilled Laborers	Wages and Hours Daily[14]	Number of Teams	Cost and Hours Daily[14]	Number of Unskilled Employees	Wage and Hours Daily	All Others Employed	Sweeping		Flushing		Squeegeeing
										Machine	Hand	Hose	Machine
Buffalo	22	$2.50–3.00	19	$2.50–4.00	100	$4.00	139	$2.00		Sheet asphalt, rough block, brick, cobble, asphalt, block, bituminous.	Sheet asphalt, rough block, brick, concrete, bitulithic, asphaltic concrete, macadam, cobble, asphalt block and bituminous.	Asphalt, rough block, brick.	No.	No.
Beacon	1						3	1.75
Binghamton	1	3.00			7	4.50	18	2.00		Brick, concrete, bitulithic.	Brick, concrete, bitulithic, macadam.		Brick, concrete, bitulithic.
Cincinnati	8	20.00 Wk.	10	3.50–5.00	60	2.19	261	2.25–2.75	6	Macadam and cobble.	Macadam and cobble.		Sheet, rough block, brick, wood block, bitulithic, bituminous.
Cambridge	2	2.75			8	City teams.	40	2.50		Smooth pavements frequently.	Smooth pavements frequently.		Smooth pavements occasionally during summer.
Chicago	112	2.60–2.85			165	6.00	1,800	2.35		None.	All.	None except sidewalks.	Sheet asphalt, brick, wood block, concrete, smooth block.	Sheet asphalt.
Camden	1	93.32 Mo.			12		20			Yes.	Yes.		Yes.
Columbus										Yes.	Yes.		Yes.
Cleveland											Yes.		Yes.
Cortland	1	1.75			3 single.	2.50	4	1.75			Yes.
Dunkirk										Brick, asphalt and concrete.
Denver	4	75.00 Mo.	3	2.50	40	5.00	70	2.50
Elmira	1	2.50			5 double 1 single.	4.00 double 3.00 single.	12	1.75			Asphalt and brick.		Asphalt, rough block, brick and wood block.
Fall River	1	3.50			4	3.75	57	2.40		Yes.	Rough block.
Grand Rapids													Yes.
Hudson											Brick and macadam.
Jamestown					2	5.50	8	2.00		Brick, wood block, bitulithic asphalt block, bituminous.			Yes.
Kansas City	24	75.00 Mo.	3	3.00–3.50	30	5.00	225	2.25	18		All.	All.	All.
Kingston											Yes.		Yes.
Los Angeles	1	100.00–125.00 Mo.	2	3.00–3.50	89	5.00	333	2.50			All.	All hills.	All except hills.
Louisville	25	2.00–3.00 9 hrs.			66	4.00 9 hrs.		1.75		Yes.	Yes.	Yes.	Yes.	Yes.
Lowell						7.50		2.25		Smooth block.	Sheet asphalt, brick, wood block, concrete, bitulithic, macadam, smooth block, bituminous.
Lynn	1	3.20			2	5.38	26	2.50			All.
Lackawanna	10	2.50–3.00	10	2.75–3.25	4	4.75	35	1.85	3	Brick and macadam.			Brick and Macadam.
Little Falls	1	2.00			1	4.50	7	1.75			All.
Milwaukee	27	1,000.00–1,900.00 Yr.		.45¢. hr.		5.00		2.00		Sheet asphalt, brick, concrete, bitulithic, asphaltic concrete, macadam.	Same as machine.	None.	Sheet asphalt, rough block, wood block.	Sheet asphalt, bitulithic, asphaltic concrete.
Middletown	1	2.25			1	3.50	4	2.00			Yes.		Yes.
Mechanicville	1	2.25				4.00	55	1.60	2		Concrete, brick, bituminous.
New York City	134	1,212.00–1,380.00 Yr.		3.00–3.50		5.00		2.50		Sheet asphalt, rough block, brick, wood block, smooth block, cobble, asphalt block, bituminous, iron slag.	Same as machine.	Same as sweeping.	Same as sweeping except cobble.	Sheet asphalt, wood block, smooth block, asphalt block.
New Orleans	27	75.00 Mo. 9 hrs.			93	City teams.	340	2.00		None.	Sheet asphalt, wood block, concrete, bitulithic.	Rough block, cobble.	Sheet asphalt, brick, wood block, concrete, bitulithic.	None.
New Bedford	1	3.50			2		65	2.25		Sheet asphalt.	Sheet asphalt, rough block, brick, wood block.		Same as hand sweeping.
Newark	15	3.83			35 double 34 single.	4.80 double 3.20 single.	300	10.00 Wk.			All.		Will start soon.
Norwich					2–6	5.00	4–6	1.60		Yes.	No.	Yes.	No.	No.
New Rochelle					5.50						All.
Niagara Falls	6	3.00			30	5.00	50	2.00		Yes.	Yes.		Yes.
Newburgh			1	80.00 Mo.	1 single 1 double 3 hrs. day.	2.75 single 75¢. hr. double.	18	2.00			Yes.	Yes.	Yes.
Oakland	2	110.00 Mo.			2	6.00	37	2.50	[13]	Sheet asphalt, brick, wood block, asphaltic concrete, smooth block.	Sheet asphalt, macadam, smooth block, bituminous.		Sheet asphalt occasionally.
Oswego					4–6	4.00–5.60		1.60–2.00		Sheet asphalt, rough block, brick, wood block.	Sheet asphalt, wood block, macadam, bituminous.		Sheet asphalt, rough block, brick.
Ogdensburg	2	2.00–2.50	2	2.50		4.00		1.75		Yes.	Yes.	Yes.	Yes.	No.
Philadelphia	80	2.50 9–10 hrs.			229	5.50 9–10 hrs.	1,020–1,140	1.75 9–10 hrs.		Sheet asphalt, rough block, brick, smooth block, cobble, asphaltic block, miscellaneous.	Bitulithic, asphaltic concrete, macadam, bituminous.	Concrete.	Rough block, brick, smooth block.	Sheet asphalt, wood block.
Providence	5				47	3.00 9 hrs.	200	2.00 9 hrs.		Rough block.	Sheet asphalt, brick, wood block, bitulithic, macadam, smooth block, bituminous.
Rochester	20–25	2.00			15–18	4.80	400	1.75–2.00		Rough block, brick, cobble.	Sheet asphalt, rough block, brick, wood block, bitulithic, macadam, cobble, bituminous.	Sheet asphalt, rough block, brick, bitulithic, bituminous.	Same as hose.	None.
Rensselaer	2		3	2.00	7					Yes.
Reading													Yes.
Richmond	6	2.62½ 9 hrs.	3	2.75 9 hrs.			180	2.25 9 hrs.	3
St. Louis	50	75.00 Mo.			177	4.00	675	1.50	12
San Francisco	22	3.50	3	3.75	67	6.50	163	3.00	12	Yes.	Yes.		Yes.	Yes.
Salt Lake City	4	3.20	1	4.00	20	4.50	24	2.25	70	Yes.			Yes.
Springfield	1	4.00			16	5.60	105	2.40		Yes.	Yes.			Yes.
Seattle	20	90.00–115.00 Mo.		3.00	City teams.			3.00		Plank roads.			All except plank roads.	No.
Scranton										Yes.	Yes.		Yes.
Troy	2	2.00	3	3.00	8	3.46	2	2.00		Rough block, brick, macadam.			Sheet asphalt, bitulithic, smooth block.
Utica	7		130		27					Yes.	Yes.		Yes.
Washington	19	720–1,300			70		406	1.50–2.50	11	All except dirt.	All.	None.	Rough, smooth and asphalt block, brick, cobble.	Sheet asphalt, brick, asphaltic concrete, smooth and asphalt block.