THE CHRISTIAN YEAR By the Rev. John Keble.
COLERIDGE Edited by Joseph Skipsey.
LONGFELLOW Edited by Eva Hope.
CAMPBELL Edited by John Hogben.
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WORDSWORTH Edited by A. J. Symington.
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BURNS. Poems Edited by Joseph Skipsey.
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MARLOWE Edited by Percy E. Pinkerton.
KEATS Edited by John Hogben.
HERBERT Edited by Ernest Rhys.
HUGO Translated by Dean Carrington.
COWPER Edited by Eva Hope.
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EMERSON Edited by Walter Lewin.
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WHITMAN Edited by Ernest Rhys.
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HOGG Edited by his Daughter, Mrs. Garden.
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CHILDREN OF THE POETS Edited by Eric S. Robertson.
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DAYS OF THE YEAR With Introduction by William Sharp.
POPE Edited by John Hogben.
HEINE Edited by Mrs. Kroeker.
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SEA MUSIC Edited by Mrs Sharp.
HERRICK Edited by Ernest Rhys.
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IRISH MINSTRELSY Edited by H. Halliday Sparling.
MILTON'S PARADISE LOST Edited by J. Bradshaw, M.A., LL.D.
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GREEK ANTHOLOGY Edited by Graham R. Tomson.
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GERMAN BALLADS Edited by Elizabeth Craigmyle.
SONGS OF BERANGER Translated by William Toynbee.
HON. RODEN NOEL'S POEMS With an Introduction by R. Buchanan.
SONGS OF FREEDOM Selected, with an Introduction, by H. S. Salt.
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FOOTNOTES:

[1] The book actually bore on the title-page the names of Edmund Gurney, F. W. H. Myers, and the present writer. But the division of authorship, as explained in the Preface, was as follows:—"As regards the writing and the views expressed, Mr. Myers is solely responsible for the Introduction, and for the 'Note on a Suggested Mode of Psychical Interaction;' and Mr. Gurney is solely responsible for the remainder of the book.... But the collection, examination, and appraisal of evidence has been a joint labour."

[2] Some account of the earlier experiments by MM. Janet and Gibert was included in the supplementary chapter at the end of the second volume of Phantasms.

[3] See Chapters V. and X. of the present book.

[4] Primary and Present State of the Solar System, by P. McFarlane. Edinburgh, Thomas Grant, circa 1845.

[5] At the meeting of the British Association in 1844; quoted by Hugh Miller, Testimony of the Rocks, pp. 358, 359.

[6] A Brief and Complete Refutation of the Antiscriptural Theory of the Geologists, by a Clergyman of the Church of England. London, 1853; quoted by Hugh Miller, loc. cit.

[7] L'Hypnotisme et la suggestion mentale. Germer Baillière et Cie. Paris, pp. 261-316.

[8] Revue Philosophique, Nov. 1887, quoted in Proceedings of the Soc. Psych. Research, vol. iv. p. 532.

[9] Revue Philosophique, March 1887.

[10] Mrs. Verrall states that after long practice she "lost all consciousness of the means which enabled her to guess, and saw pictures of the cards."

[11] Proceedings of the American Soc. Psych. Research, pp. 302 et seq.

[12] No doubt the great preponderance of geometrical figures is in some measure due to the use of the word "diagram," which in English would probably suggest to most persons a geometrical diagram. But possibly the word has a different shade of meaning in American. It is certain too that a considerable proportion of the persons who filled in the cards were acquainted with the object of the inquiry.

[13] Proc. American Soc. Psych. Research, pp. 35-43.

[14] It is not possible to eliminate the operation of such preferences in the percipient. But if care be taken that the series of things to be guessed is chosen arbitrarily, the only effect of even a decided preference for particular cards, numbers, etc., on the part of the percipient will be to lessen the number of coincidences due to thought-transference.

[15] See, for instance, Puységur, Memoires pour servir à l'établissement du magnétisme, pp. 22, 29 et seq., and Pététin, Electricité Animale, p. 127, etc. (quoted by Dr. Ochorowicz, De la Suggestion mentale).

[16] Some trials were made by Mr. Guthrie with imagined tunes. But they were in no instance successful without contact; and as obviously the chances of unconscious indications being given, in any case considerable where tunes are in question, are much increased by contact, we should not be justified in regarding successful results, under such conditions, as even prima facie due to Thought-transference. (See Proc. S.P.R., vol. iii. pp. 426, 447, 448.)

[17] See below, Chapter III.—Mrs. Sidgwick's experiments.

[18] The calculation is by Professor F. Y. Edgeworth. (See Proc. S.P.R., vol. iii. p. 190.) Of course the statement in the text must not be taken as indicating the belief of Mr. Edgeworth or the writer or any one else that the above figures demonstrate Thought-transference as the cause of the results attained. The results may conceivably have been due to some error of observation or of reporting. But the figures are sufficient to prove, what is here claimed for them, that some cause must be sought for the results other than chance.

[19] Proc. American S.P.R., pp. 17 et seq.

[20] See Dr. Thaw's paper, Proc. Soc. Psych. Research, vol. viii. pp. 422 et seq.

[21] Records of these experiments will be found in the Proc. of the Soc. Psych. Research, vol. i. pp. 263-283; vol. ii. pp. 1-5, 24-42, 189-200; vol. iii. pp. 424-452.

[22] Proc. Soc. Psych. Research, vol. ii. pp. 194-196.

[23] Proc. Soc. Psych. Research, vol. iv. pp. 324 et seq.; vol. v. pp. 169 et seq.

[24] Proc. S.P.R., vol. vii. pp. 3-22.

[25] Trasmissione del Pensiero, etc., Naples, 1891.

[26] See the discussion on this question in Chapter XVI.

[27] Vol. i. pp. 226, 241; vol. ii. pp. 17-19.

[28] It is a frequent experience that hypnotised subjects are incapable of responding to any voice other than that of the person who has hypnotised them. The difficulty can, indeed, generally be removed by asking the hypnotiser to place some other person in rapport with the subject—i.e., to give the subject the suggestion that he should also be able to hear the person indicated. At this early stage of our experiments it would appear, however, that this device had for some reason not been adopted.

[29] Cf. No. 19 in the series of similar trials conducted with Miss Relph, p. 24.

[30] Quoted in Le Sommeil Provoqué, etc., by Dr. Liébeault, Paris, 1889, pp. 295, 296.

[31] For such impressions seen with closed eyes Kandinsky has proposed the name pseudo-hallucinations.

[32] He had been, on previous occasions, asked to trace hallucinations.

[33] Two of these were given completely right first and then changed.

[34] The first digit of the number drawn was guessed first.

[34] The first digit of the number drawn was guessed first.

[35] See Chapter iv., pp. 96-100.

[35] See Chapter iv., pp. 96-100.

[35] See Chapter iv., pp. 96-100.

[36] This was given completely right first and then changed.

[37] As all numbers above 90 were excluded, and as 0 cannot come first, the first digit should, by pure chance, have been correctly named more often than the second; but the disproportion, it will be seen, is far greater than could be thus accounted for.

[38] Proc. S.P.R., vol. viii. pp. 554-577.

[39] This was an idea extremely familiar to P., who had been a chorister and was still connected with the choir of his church.

[40] Proceedings Soc. Psych. Research, vol. viii. pp. 565, 566.

[41] Annales des Sciences Psychiques, vol. ii. pp. 334, 335.

[42] See Phantasms of the Living, vol. ii. pp. 677, 678.

[43] Cases are recorded in the Zoist and other publications of the period. See the instances, quoted in Phantasms of the Living, vol. i. pp. 89-91, of the Rev. J. Lawson Sisson, Mr. Barth, Mr. N. Dunscombe, and Mr. H. S. Thompson. Traditions of the marvels wrought by the last-named gentleman still linger in Yorkshire society, and will no doubt demand the serious attention of future students of folk-lore.

[44] Bulletin de la Soc. de Psychologie Physiologique, 1885.

[45] Annales des Sciences Psychiques, vol. iii. pp. 130-133.

[46] See the account of his experiments on "Peculiarities of certain Post-hypnotic States," Proc. S. P. R., vol. iv. pp. 268-323.

[47] "L'Automatisme Psychologique."

[48] Proc. Soc. Psych. Research, vol. iii. pp. 6-23.

[49] Mr. Newnham explains that "five or six questions were often asked consecutively without her being told of the subject that was being pursued."

[50] Previous questions had been asked on the same subject, and the first syllable had already been correctly written. On a subsequent occasion the same question was repeated and a wholly incorrect answer was given.

[51] There were nine sittings in all, but the records of one were imperfectly kept, and have not been preserved. In two cases the details given are insufficient; in the notes of the first evening it is stated that the person seated at the table "failed three or four times, succeeded once in giving word of (i.e., selected from) newspaper (which agent) held in his hand." These trials have been omitted altogether from the results given in the text. On the third evening there is a record, "gave S H but got wrong afterwards." The word thought of was Sherry. I have counted this trial as two successes and two failures, judging from the other experiments recorded that not more than four consecutive letters at most would have been attempted.

[52] In this case it will be observed the table tilted only once for each letter. The method adopted (after trial of the alternative) in my own experiments, though slower and more cumbrous, was apparently productive of more accurate results. It will be readily understood that it might be easier for the transmitted impulse to check a movement, at once uncertain and spasmodic, which had been already initiated, than to overcome, in a short space of time, the resistance of inertia and generate a new movement. The distinction may perhaps be illustrated by the difference between the amount of force required to start a railway truck at rest on the level, and that which would suffice to arrest one actually in gentle motion.

[53] Of course substitutions of this kind considerably reduce the value of the results obtained, but it will be found that when full deduction has been made on this score, the coincidences remain overwhelmingly in excess of anything which could have been produced by chance.

[54] In some previous experiments a circular alphabet had been used, with a view of preventing any of those seated at the first table from learning by the movements of the operator's hand what point of the alphabet he had reached. The other precautions described seemed, however, as M. Richet points out, sufficient to exclude all considerations of this kind.

[55] Rev. Phil., Dec. 1884; see also S.P.R., vol. ii. pp. 247 et seq.

[56] It happened on another occasion under these conditions that the right little finger was slightly affected when the left little finger, which had been selected, was so in a more decided manner.

[57] An experiment of another kind, the description of which is here omitted, had been made on the morning of this day.

[58] An account of these experiments is also contained in an article by M. Richet in the Revue de l'Hypnotisme for February 1888.

[59] M. Richet also took part in these two experiments.

[60] It is not stated whether the hour of the experiment was chosen by lot, but this precaution was taken in many of the earlier experiments.

[61] An account of these experiments was also contributed by M. Richet to the Revue de l'Hypnotisme, Feb. 1888.

[62] Revue Philosophique, February and April 1886. A translation of these accounts is given in the Proc. S.P.R., vol. v. pp. 222, 223.

[63] Annales des Sciences Psychiques, vol. iii. pp. 257-267.

[64] Dr. Latour's brother, house-surgeon at the hospital.

[65] See No. 23, chap. iv.

[66] Miss X.'s notes have been in some cases slightly abbreviated, in order to save space. Full details of the experiments will be found in Proc. S.P.R., vol. vi. pp. 377-397.