River-hog, of West Africa, figure of, 264
of Madagascar, figure of, 278
Rivers, limiting the range of mammalia, 12
limiting the range of birds, 17
River-scene, in West Africa, 264
Rodentia, classification of, 90
range of Palæarctic genera of, 242
range of Ethiopian genera of, 304
range of Oriental genera of, 374
range of Australian genera of, 476
Rodentia, European Pliocene, 113
Miocene of Greece, 116
European Miocene, 120
European Eocene, 126
N. American Post-Pliocene, 130
N. American Tertiary, 139
of Brazilian caves, 144
S. American Pliocene, 147
of S. American Eocene, 148
Ruff, figure of, 195
S.
Sahara, a debatable land, 251
Saiga, antelope of W. Tartary, 218
Samoa Islands, birds of, 443
Sandwich Islands, birds of, 445
probable past history of, 446
mountain plants of, 446
depth of ocean around, 447
Sand grouse, Pallas, of Mongolia, 226
Satyrites Reynesii, European Cretaceous insect, 167
Saunders, Mr. Edward, on the Buprestidæ of Japan, 229
Scelidotherium, in Brazilian caves, 145
S. American Pliocene, 147
Schistopleurum, S. American Pliocene, 147
Schweinfurth, Dr., on natural history of Central Africa, 252
on limits of W. African sub-region, 262 (note)
Sciurus, European Miocene, 120
European Eocene, 126
Sciuravus, N. American Eocene, 140
Sclater, Mr., on zoological regions, 59
why his six regions are adopted, 63
on birds of Sandwich Islands, 445
Sea, as a barrier to mammalia, 13
Seals, fossil in European Miocene, 118
of Lake Baikal, 218
Secondary formations, mammalian remains in, 159
Secretary-bird of Africa, figure of, 261
Semnopithecus, European Pliocene, 112
Miocene of Greece, 115
European Miocene, 117
Indian Miocene, 121
Semper, Dr., on Philippine mammalia, 345
Serpentarius, European Miocene, 162
Seychelle Islands, zoology of, 281
amphibia of, 281
Sharp, Dr., on Japan beetles, 229
Sharpe, Mr. R. B., his arrangement of Accipitres, 97
on birds of Cape Verd Islands, 215
Sheep, Palæarctic, 182
Siberia, climate of, 217
Siberian sub-region, description of, 216
mammalia of, 217
birds of, 219
reptiles and amphibia of, 220
insects of, 220
Simocyon, Miocene of Greece, 115
Sinopa, N. American Tertiary, 134
Sirenia, classification of, 89
range of Ethiopian genera of, 303
range of Oriental genus, 374
range of Australian genus of, 476
Sirenia, European Pliocene, 112
European Miocene, 119
Sivatherium, Indian Miocene, 122
Siwalik Hills, Miocene deposits of, 121
Smith, Mr. Frederick, on Hymenoptera of Japan, 230
Snake, at great elevation in Himalayas, 220
Snakes, classification of, 99
Eocene, 165
large proportion of venomous species in Australia, 396
of New Zealand, 457
Society Islands, birds of, 443
Soricictis, European Miocene, 118
Soricidæ, European Miocene, 118
South African sub-region, description of, 266
mammalia of, 267
birds of, 267
reptiles of, 268
amphibia of, 268
fresh-water fish of, 268
butterflies of, 268
coleoptera of, 268
summary of its zoology, 269
South America, fossil fauna of, 143
Pliocene deposits of, 146
supposed land connection with Australia, 398
South Australia, peculiar birds of, 441
Species, representative, 4
Speothos, in Brazilian caves, 144
Spermophilus, European Miocene, 120
Sphenodon, in Brazilian caves, 145
Sphinx, in European Oolite, 167
St. Helena, zoological features of, 269
coleoptera of, 270
landshells of, 271
St. Thomas' Island, birds of, 266
Stations, definition of, 4
Steneofiber, European Miocene, 120
Sthenurus, Australian Post-Tertiary, 157
Strix, European Miocene, 162
Struthiones, arrangement of, 98
range of Ethiopian genera of, 313
range of Australian genera of, 485
Struthious birds, probable origin of, 287
Stylinodontidæ, N. American Eocene, 139
Stylinodontia, N. American Eocene, 139
Sub-regions, on what principle formed, 80
Palæarctic, 191
Ethiopian, 258
Oriental, 321
Australian, 408
Suidæ, European Miocene, 119
Sula Islands, fauna of, 433
Sus, European Pliocene, 113
Miocene of Greece, 116
European Miocene, 119
Indian Miocene, 122
Swinhoe, Mr., on zoology of Formosa and Hainan, 332
Symborodon, N. American Tertiary, 137
Synaphodus, European Miocene, 119
Synoplotherium, N. American Tertiary, 134
T.
Tables of distribution of families and genera explained, 177
Talpa, European Miocene, 117
Tapir, fossil in N. China, 123
Tapirs, birthplace and migrations of, 154
Tapir, Malayan, figure of, 337
Tapiridæ, European Eocene, 125
Tapirus, European Pliocene, 113
Indian Miocene, 122
in Brazilian caves, 144
Tarsier, Malayan, figure of, 337
Tasmania, comparative zoological poverty of, 441
Taxodon, European Miocene, 118
Telmatobius, N. American Cretaceous, 164
Telmatolestes, N. American Tertiary, 133
Testudo, Miocene of Greece, 116
Indian Miocene, 123
Testudo, great antiquity of the genus, 289
Tetrachus, European Miocene, 117
Tetrao albus, in Italian caverns, 161
Thalassictis, Miocene of Greece, 115
European Miocene, 118
Theridomys, European Miocene, 126
European Eocene, 126
S. American Eocene, 148
Thinohyus, N. American Tertiary, 137
Thinolestes, N. American Tertiary, 133
Thylacinus, Australian Post-Tertiary, 157
Thylacoleo, Australian Post-Tertiary, 157
Tillodontia, N. American Eocene, 139
Tillotheridæ, N. American Eocene, 139
Tillotherium, N. American Eocene, 139
Timor, physical features of, 389
group, mammalia of, 422
birds of, 422
origin of fauna of, 424
insects of, 426
Tinoceras, N. American Eocene, 139
Titanomys, European Miocene, 121
Titanotherium, N. American Tertiary, 137
Tomarctos, N. American Tertiary, 135
Tonga Islands, birds of, 443
Tortoises, classification of, 100
of Mascarene Islands and Galapagos, 289
Touraco of W. Africa, figure of, 264
Toxodon, S. American Pliocene, 137
Toxodontidæ, S. American Pliocene, 147
Trachytherium, European Miocene, 119
Tragocerus, Miocene of Greece, 116
European Miocene, 120
Tragopan, Himalayan, figure of, 331
Tree-shrew of Borneo, figure of, 337
Tree-kangaroo, figure of, 415
Trichechus, N. American Post-Pliocene, 130
Trichoglossidæ, birds specially adapted to Australia, 393
Trionyx, Indian Miocene, 123
Miocene and Eocene, 165
Tristan d'Acunha, zoology of, 271
Tristram, Canon, summary of the birds of Palestine, 203
Trogon, European Miocene, 161
Trogontherium, Post-Pliocene of Europe, 111
Trucijelis, N. American Post-Pliocene, 129
Tundras of Siberia, greatest extent of, 216
Tupaiidæ, European Miocene, 118
Turner, Mr., on classification of Edentata, 90
Tylodon, European Eocene, 125
Typotherium, S. American Pliocene, 147
U.
Uintacyon, N. American Tertiary, 134
Uintatherium, N. American Eocene, 139
Uintornis, N. American Eocene, 163
Unio, European Secondary, 169
Ungulata, classification of, 89
antiquity of, 151
of the Palæarctic region, 182
range of Palæarctic genera of, 241
range of Ethiopian genera of, 303
range of Oriental genera of, 374
range of Australian genera of, 476
Ungulata, European Pliocene, 112
Miocene of Greece, 115
European Miocene, 119
Indian Miocene, 121
European Eocene, 125
N. American Post-Pliocene, 130
N. American Tertiary, 135
of Brazilian caves, 144
S. American Pliocene, 146
Urania of Madagascar, 282
Ursidæ, N. American Tertiary, 135
in Brazilian caves, 144
Ursitaxus, Indian Miocene, 121
Ursus, Post-Pliocene, 112
Indian Miocene, 121
V.
Vanga of Madagascar, figure of, 278
Varanus, Miocene of Greece, 116
Indian Miocene, 123
Vertebrata, summary of Palæarctic, 186
summary of Ethiopian, 255
summary of Oriental, 318
summary of Australian, 397
Vespertilio, European Eocene, 125
Viperus, European Miocene, 165
Viverra, European Pliocene, 112
European Miocene, 118
Viverridæ, European Miocene, 118
European Eocene, 125
W.
Walden, Viscount, on birds of Philippine Islands, 346
on birds of Celebes, 428
Washakius, N. American Tertiary, 134
Waterhouse, Mr. G. R., on classification of rodentia, 90
on classification of marsupials, 91
West African sub-region, description of, 262
mammalia of, 262
birds of, 262
Oriental or Malayan element in, 263
river scene with characteristic animals, 264
reptiles of, 264
amphibia of, 264
Oriental and Neotropical relations of, 265
insects of, 265
land-shells of, 265
islands of, 265
West Australia, peculiar birds of, 441
Whydah finch of W. Africa, figure of, 264
Wollaston, Mr. T. V., on the coleoptera of the Atlantic Islands, 209
on the wings of the Madeiran beetles, 211
on the origin of the insect fauna of the Atlantic Islands, 214
on coleoptera of the Cape Verd Islands, 215
on beetles of St. Helena, 270
X.
Xenurus, in Brazilian caves, 145
Xiphodontidæ, European Miocene, 119
Z.
Zeuglodontidæ, N. American Tertiary, 140
Zonites priscus, Palæozoic, 169
Zoological characteristics of Palæarctic region, 181
Ethiopian region, 252
Oriental region, 315
Australian region, 390
Zoological regions, discussion on, 50