13. Winkler, Journal of the Secession Convention, pp. 262-83.
14. Roberts, “Fifty Years of Statehood” in Wooten, A Comprehensive History of Texas, II, p. 114.
15. Winkler, Journal of the Secession Convention, pp. 86-90.
16. Ibid., pp. 92-251.
17. “Texas and Texans in the Civil War. 1861-1865” in Wooten, A Comprehensive History of Texas, II, pp. 522-26.
18. “Proclamation to the People of Texas,” Apr. 17, 1861, Executive Record Book, No. 279, pp. 237-40. “Proclamation to the People of Texas”, Apr. 24, 1861. Ibid., pp. 242-43.
19. Ella Lonn, Foreigners in the Confederacy (Chapel Hill: The University of the North Carolina Press, 1940), p. 59, 124. McCulloch to Davis, Mar. 25, 1861. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1880-1901), I, 9, pp. 704-05. Hereafter referred to as O.R., and assumed to be Series I unless otherwise indicated. Idem. to idem. Mar. 31, 1861, ibid., p. 705.
20. “Statement of regiments, etc. mustered into the service of the Confederate States,” Sept. 30, 1861, ibid., IV, 1, p. 630.
21. Clark to Legislature, Nov. 1, 1861, Executive Record Book, No. 279, pp. 355 ff. Idem. to Davis, July 28, 1861, Executive Record Book, Governor Edward Clark 1861, No. 80, MSS, p. 97. Texas State Archives.
22. W. W. Heartsill, Fourteen Hundred and 91 Days in the Confederate Army. Bell I. Wiley [ed.] (A Facsimile reproduction of the original.) (Jackson, Tennessee: McCowat-Mercer Press, 1954), p. xv, 2-4, 14 ff, 22-23.
23. The Southern Confederacy (Seguin), Sept. 20, 1861. Clark to Rogers and Felder, May 17, 1861, Executive Record Book No. 80, pp. 70-71. Byrd to McCulloch, Sept. 22, 1861, O.R., 4, p. 109.
24. Clark to Baylor, May 13, 1861, Executive Record Book, No. 80, p. 63. Idem. to Nichols, May 17, 1861, ibid., p. 71. Idem. to Bee, Aug. 15, 1861, ibid., pp. 108-09.
25. Idem., to Carothers, Aug. 29, 1861, ibid., p. 123. Idem. to Walker, Sept. 7, 1861, ibid., pp. 127-28. Myers to Minter, Sept. 14, 1861. O.R., 4, p. 105. Clark to the “People of Texas”, Aug. 31, 1861, Executive Record Book, No. 80, pp. 124-25.
26. Frank Anderson, “Missouri’s Confederate State Capitol at Marshall, Texas” in The Missouri Historical Review, XXVII, No. 3, Apr., 1933, pp. 240-43. Clark to Davis, July 28, 1861, Executive Record Book, No. 80, pp. 97-98. Joseph C. McConnell, The West Texas Frontier (Palo Pinto: Texas Legal Bank and Book Co., 1939), II, p. 46. Gammel, The Laws of Texas, V, pp. 452-54. Lubbock to Reagan, Dec. 27, 1861, O.R., 4, pp. 161-64. Idem. to McCulloch, Dec. 24, 1861. Executive Record Book, Governor F. R. Lubbock, 1861 to 1863, No. 81, MSS, p. 60. Texas State Archives.
27. Pratt to Hunter, July 1, 1861. Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of Rebellion (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1912), 16, pp. 829-30. Hereafter referred to as O.R.N. Reports of Stevens, June 12, 1861, ibid., pp. 825-26. Lubbock to McCulloch, Dec. 23, 1861. Executive Record Book, No. 81, pp. 52-53.
28. Idem. to Hébert, Dec. 7, 1861. ibid., pp. 31-34.
29. Bee to Secretary of War, Oct. 12, 1861, O.R., 4, pp. 118-19. Claude Elliott, “Union Sentiment in Texas 1861-1865” in The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, L, No. 4, Apr., 1947, pp. 459-62.
30. William McGraw, Professional Politicians (Washington: The Imperial Press, 1940), pp. 117-18.
31. Galveston Weekly News, Aug. 20, 1861. William C. Whitford, Colorado Volunteers in the Civil War (Denver: The State Historical and National Historical Society, 1906), p. 29. Lynde to Canby, July 7, 1861, O.R., 4, p. 58. Report of Lynde, Aug. 7, 1861, ibid., pp. 5-6.
32. Charles S. Walker, “Causes of the Confederate Invasion of New Mexico” in the New Mexico Historical Review, VIII, No. 2, Apr., 1933, pp. 76-97. Mamie Yeary, Reminiscences of the Boys in Gray 1861-1865 (Dallas: Smith and Lamar, 1912), pp. 247-48. Whitford, Colorado Volunteers, pp. 20-21.
33. Martin H. Hall, “The Formation of Sibley’s Brigade and the March to New Mexico” in The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, LXI, No. 3, Jan., 1958, pp. 385-405. Theodore Noel, A Campaign from Santa Fe to the Mississippi; Being a History of the Old Sibley Brigade (Shreveport: Shreveport News Printing Establishment, 1865), pp. 5-6. Clark to Hogg, Aug. 16, 1861, Executive Record Book, No. 80, pp. 110-11. General Order No. 10, Dec. 14, 1861, O.R., 4, pp. 157-58. General Order No. 12, Dec. 20, 1861, ibid., p. 159. Wright to Carleton, Jan. 31, 1862, ibid., pp. 90-91. Sibley to Cooper, Feb. 22, 1862, ibid., 9, pp. 505-06. Donaldson to Paul, Mar. 10, 1862, ibid., p. 527. Canby to A. G., Apr. 11, 1862, ibid., pp. 549-50. W. W. Mills, Forty Years at El Paso, 1858-1898 (Chicago: W. B. Conkey, 1901), pp. 54-59. Yeary, Reminiscences, p. 613.
34. Roberts to Thomas, Apr. 23, 1862, O.R., 9, p. 666. William A. Keleher, Turmoil in New Mexico 1846-1868 (Santa Fe: The Rydal Press, 1952), pp. 188 ff.
35. Lubbock to Pike, June 18, 1862, Executive Record Book, No. 81, p. 275.
36. Tri-Weekly Telegraph (Houston), May 24, 1862. Lubbock to Flournoy, Executive Record Book, No. 81, pp. 293-94.
37. Report of Kittredge, O.R.N., 19, pp. 151-52. David D. Porter, The Naval History of the Civil War (New York: The Sherman Publishing Co., 1886), pp. 345-46.
38. DeBray to Moise, Oct. 5, 1862, O.R., 15, p. 148. Cook to Franklin, Oct. 9, 1862, ibid., pp. 151-53. Hébert to Lubbock, Nov. 8, 1862, ibid., p. 858. Lubbock to Washington, Dec. 9, 1862, Executive Record Book, No. 81, p. 436.
39. Banks to President, Dec. 18, 1863 (sic.) O.R., 15, pp. 1096-97.
40. Philip C. Tucker, 3d., “The United States Gunboat Harriet Lane” in the Southwestern Historical Quarterly, XXI, No. 4, Apr., 1918, pp. 363-69. Porter, Naval History, pp. 269-71. Mrs. E. M. Loughery, War and Reconstruction Times in Texas, 1861-1865 (Austin: Von Boeckmann-Jones Co., 1914), p. 28. Yeary, Reminiscences, p. 139.
41. Chris Emmett, Texas Camel Tales (San Antonio: Naylor Printing Co., 1932), p. 197, 204, 212.
42. A. J. H. Duganne, Camps and Prisons, Twenty Months in the Department of the Gulf (New York: J. P. Robens, 1865), p. 243. Charles C. Nott, Sketches in Prison Camps: A Continuation of Sketches of the War (New York: Anson D. F. Randolph, 1865), pp. 92-93, 171.
43. Ibid., pp. 171-72. Dr. Albert Woldert, A History of Tyler and Smith County, Texas (San Antonio: The Naylor Company, 1948), pp. 39-40. John W. Greene, Camp Ford Prison; and How I Escaped (Toledo: n.p., 1893), p. 27, 29-30, 32.
44. Lubbock to Pickens, Apr. 18, 1962, Executive Record Book, No. 81, p. 225.
45. Charles W. Ramsdell, Reconstruction in Texas (New York: Columbia University, 1910), p. 21.
46. Duff to Gray, June 23, 1862, O.R., II, 4, pp. 785-87. Lonn, Foreigners in the Confederacy, pp. 312-13. Gertrude Harris, A Tale of Men Who Knew Not Fear (San Antonio: Alamo Printing House, 1935), pp. 13-15. H. A. Trexler, “Episode in Border History” in Southwest Review, XVI, No. 2, Jan., 1931, pp. 237-38.
47. Tri-Weekly Telegraph (Houston), Dec. 5, 1862.
48. General Order No. 45, May 30, 1862, O.R., 9, pp. 715-16. Cooper to Hébert, Sept. 12, 1862, ibid., p. 735.
49. Heartsill, 1491 Days, pp. 44-45. Matthew P. Andrews, The Women of the South in War Times (Baltimore: The Norman-Remington Co., 1920), pp. 416-23. Loughery, War in Texas, pp. 14-15. W. Lotto, “Fayette County, Her History and Her People” in Leonie R. Weyand and Houston Wade, An Early History of Fayette County (LaGrange: LaGrange Journal, 1936), p. 252.
50. Lubbock to Rippetoe, Jan. 27, 1862, Executive Record Book, No. 81, pp. 114-15. Idem. to Fluellen, Jan. 27, 1862, ibid., pp. 116-17. Idem. to Lane, Feb. 5, 1862, ibid., p. 138. Idem. to Bryan, July 1, 1862, ibid., pp. 286-88. Idem. to Feris, Nov. 16, 1862, ibid., pp. 388-89, 390.
51. J. B. Hood, Advance and Retreat (New Orleans: Hood Orphan Memorial Fund, 1880), pp. 15-19.
52. In early 1862 Wigfall was elected to the Confederate Senate and Hood gained command of the brigade.
53. Douglas Southall Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1946), I, pp. 197-99. Hood, Advance and Retreat, p. 21.
54. Ibid., p. 28. Report of Whiting, O.R., 11 pt. 2, pp. 563-64. Report of Hood, ibid., pp. 568-69.
55. Report of Hood, ibid., 12, pt. 2, pt. 604-06. Report of Guild, ibid., p. 560. Report of Robertson, ibid., p. 618.
56. Report of Hood, ibid., 19, pt. 1, pp. 922-24. Report of Frobel, ibid., pp. 924-26.
57. Report of Wofford, ibid., pp. 927-29. Report of Work, ibid., pp. 931-34.
58. Report of Robertson, ibid., 27, pt. 2, pp. 404-07.
59. Harry McCorry Henderson, Texas in the Confederacy (San Antonio: The Naylor Company, 1955), pp. 31-34. Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, III, pp. 145 ff.
60. U. S. Grant, Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant (London: Samson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, 1885), p. 185.
61. William P. Johnston, The Life of Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston (New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1879), pp. 557, 677. Mrs. Kate Scurry Terrell, “Terry’s Texas Rangers” in Wooten, A Comprehensive History of Texas, II, p. 685.
62. Ibid., pp. 577-80.
63. Johnston, Johnston, pp. 558 ff.
64. Report of Whitfield, O.R., 17, pt. 1, pp. 128-29. Grant, Memoirs, pp. 210-14. “Texas and Texans in the Civil War. 1861-1865” in Wooten, A Comprehensive History of Texas, II, pp. 618-19. “The Service of Texas Troops in the Armies of the Southern Confederacy”, ibid., pp. 608-09. Henderson, Texas in the Confederacy, pp. 114-15.
65. Report of Ector, O.R., 20, pt. 1, p. 929. Report of Lock, ibid., pp. 930-32. Report of Bounds, ibid., pp. 932-33. Organization of the Army of Tennessee, ibid., pp. 658-61. Return of the casualties of the Confederate forces, ibid., pp. 676-81.
66. Smith to Pemberton, July —, 1864, ibid., 24, pt. 2, p. 385.
67. Ibid., p. 388.
68. Ibid., pp. 388-90.
69. Ibid., pp. 393-94.
70. Waul to Memminger, July 30, 1863, ibid., p. 358.
71. Ibid.
72. Ibid. Summary of the casualties in the Confederate forces during the siege of Vicksburg, ibid., p. 328.
73. Welles to Chase, Apr. 21, 1863, O.R.N., 17, p. 417.
74. Idem. to Seward, May 22, 1863, ibid., p. 446.
75. Quintero to Lubbock, Dec. 2, 1861, Gov. Lubbock Ltrs., Oct. 14 and Dec. 2, 11, 15, 1861, MSS. Texas State Archives.
76. W. S. Oldham, Memoirs, 1861-1865, pp. 353-54. Typed copy in The University of Texas Archives, Frederic S. Hill, Twenty Years at Sea (New York: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1893), pp. 191-92. Frank L. Owsley, King Cotton Diplomacy (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1931), pp. 278-79.
77. William Watson, The Adventures of a Blockade Runner (London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1892), pp. 64-65, 79.
78. Magruder to Gorgas, May 30, 1863, O.R., 26, pt. 2, pp. 24-25.
79. Frank Brown, Annals of Travis County and the City of Austin, Chap. XXIII, pp. 3-4. Typed copy in the Texas State Archives. Report of Military Board, Mar., 1865 in Edmund T. Miller, A Financial History of Texas (Bulletin of the University of Texas, 1916: No. 37), p. 138. Don H. Biggers, German Pioneers in Texas (Fredericksburg, Texas: Press of the Fredericksburg Publishing Co., 1925), pp. 98-99. Roach, Cherokee County, pp. 66-67. Dabney White [ed.], East Texas, Its History and Its Makers (New York: Lewis Historical Pub. Co., 1940), II, p. 871; III, p. 1248. Richard D. Steuart, “The Story of the Confederate Colt” in Army Ordinance, XV, No. 86, Sept.-Oct., 1934, p. 90.
80. Richard Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction, Richard B. Harwell [ed.] (New York: Longmans, Green and Co., 1955), pp. 143 ff. Joseph B. James, “Edmund Kirby Smith: Soldier of the South.” Unpublished M.A. thesis, University of Florida, 1935, pp. 258-59.
81. Lt. Col. A. J. Fremantle, The Fremantle Diary. Walter Lord [ed.] (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1954), pp. 64-65.
82. Ibid., p. 58.
83. Lubbock to Harris, June 17, 1863, Executive Record Book. Governor F. R. Lubbock, 1861-1863, No. 82, MSS, pp. 112-13. Texas State Archives.
84. Oldham, Memoirs, p. 371.
85. Report of Marshall Conference, Aug. 15, 1863, Executive Record Book No. 82, pp. 129-37. Governors to the People, Aug. 18, 1863, ibid., pp. 137-39.
86. Halleck to Banks, Aug. 6, 1863, O.R., 26, pt. 1, p. 672. Idem. to idem., Aug. 10, 1863, ibid., p. 673. Lincoln to Banks, Aug. 5, 1863 in John G. Nicolay and John Hay, Complete Works of Abraham Lincoln (New York: The Lamb Publishing Company, 1894), IX, p. 56. Idem. to Grant, Aug. 9, 1863, ibid., pp. 64-65.
87. Francis R. Sackett, Dick Dowling (Houston: Gulf Publishing Co., 1937), pp. 16-47. Porter, Naval History, pp. 346-47. Report of Magruder, Sept. 10, 1863, O.R.N., 20, pp. 560-61. Andrew Forest Muir, “Dick Dowling and the Battle of Sabine Pass” in Civil War History, IV, No. 4, Dec., 1958, pp. 414 ff.
88. Kirby Smith to Davis, Nov. 13, 1863, O.R., 26, pt. 2, pp. 410-11.
89. Dana to Stone, Dec. 24, 1863, ibid., pt. 1, pp. 876-78.
90. Banks to Halleck, Dec. 12, 1863, ibid., p. 847.
91. Col. H. L. Landers, “Wet Sand and Cotton” in The Louisiana Historical Quarterly, XIX, No. 1, Jan., 1936, pp. 159-62.
92. James T. DeShields, They Sat in High Place (San Antonio: The Naylor Co., 1940), pp. 241-49.
93. Lubbock to McCulloch, Sept. 2, 1863, Executive Record Book, No. 82. pp. 147-48. Certificate by Murrah, Aug. 6, 1864, Executive Record Book, Gov. Pendleton Murrah 1863-1865, No. 280 [sic], MSS, p. 140. Texas State Archives, James K. Greer, Bois d’Arc to Barb’d Wire Ken Cary: Southwest Frontier Born (Dallas: Dealy and Lowe, 1936), pp. 249 ff.
94. Henry C. Williams, The Indian Raid in Young County, Texas October 13, 1864. Typed copy in The University of Texas Archives.
95. General Order No. 1, Dec. 13, 1864, Gov. P. Murrah, Ltrs., July-Dec., 1864 and undated, 1864, MSS, Texas State Archives.
96. James K. Greer [ed.], A Texas Ranger and Frontiersman. The Days of Buck Barry in Texas 1845-1906. (Dallas: The Southwest Press, 1932), pp. 180-181.
97. James, “Edmund Kirby Smith”, pp. 284-85.
98. Kirby Smith to Murrah, Mar. 31, 1864, Gov. P. Murrah Ltrs., Mar., 1864, MSS. Texas State Archives.
99. General Order No. 57, July 23, 1864, O.R., 41, pt. 2, p. 1021. General Order No. 15, July 10, 1864, ibid., pp. 1002-04. Magruder to Murrah, Mar. 14, 1864, Gov. P. Murrah Ltrs., Mar., 1864.
100. Kirby Smith to Price, Aug. 11, 1864, O.R., 34, pt. 3. p. 759. Taylor to Boggs, ibid., pt. 1, p. 528. Drake to Irwin, Apr. 11, 1864, ibid., pt. 3, pp. 127-28.
101. Yeary, Reminiscences, p. 448.
102. Ibid., p. 627.
103. James G. Wilson, “The Red River Dam” in Galaxy, I, June 1, 1866, pp. 241-45.
104. Kirby Smith to Cooper, Apr. 14, 1864, O.R., 34, pt. 3, pp. 764-65. Idem. to Bragg, Aug. 3, 1864 in collection of the papers of Edmund Kirby Smith, folder No. 45, The University of Texas Library. Taylor to Buckner, Aug. 18, 1864, ibid.
105. E. T. Miller, “The State Finances of Texas During the Civil War” in The Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association, XIV, No. 1, July, 1910, pp. 12-13.
106. Commission by Murrah, Jan. 13, 1864, Executive Record Book, No. 280 [sic], p. 58.
107. Charles W. Ramsdell, “The Texas State Military Board” in The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, XXVII, No. 4, Apr., 1924, pp. 269-71.
108. Boggs to Magruder, Mar. 22, 1864, O.R., 34, pt. 2, p. 1074. Magruder to Bates, Apr. 22, 1864, ibid., pt. 3, pp. 784-85. Impressment schedule, Jan. 1, 1864, ibid., pt. 2, pp. 811-14.
109. R. H. Williams, With the Border Ruffians, Memoirs of the Far West 1852-1868. E. W. Williams, [ed.] (London: John Murray, 1907), p. 286. Eliza McHattan-Ripley, From Flag to Flag (New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1889), p. 102.
110. Ibid., pp. 97-100.
111. Heartsill, 1491 Days, pp. 202-03.
112. D. H. Hamilton, History of Company M. First Texas Volunteer Infantry (n.p., n.p., 1925), pp. 32 ff. John C. West, A Texan in Search of a Fight (Waco: J. S. Hill & Co., 1901), p. 109.
113. Mrs. A. V. Winkler, “Hood’s Texas Brigade” in Wooten, A Comprehensive History of Texas, II, pp. 672-80. Hamilton, Company M, passim.
114. Report to Granbury, O.R., 31, pt. 2, p. 774.
115. Report of Cleburne, ibid., pp. 745-53. Report of Granbury, ibid., pp. 773-75.
116. Richard O’Connor, Hood; Cavalier General (New York: Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1949), pp. 226 ff. O. P. Bowser, “Notes on Granbury’s Brigade” in Wooten, A Comprehensive History of Texas, II, pp. 751-53.
117. Ibid., pp. 753-54.
118. “Texas and Texans in the Civil War” in ibid., pp. 619-27. Report of Ross, O.R., 45, pt. 1, pp. 767-73.
119. Terrell, “Terry’s Texas Rangers” in Wooten, A Comprehensive History of Texas, II, pp. 689-94. J. K. P. Blackburn, Reminiscences of the Terry Rangers (Austin: n.p., 1919), pp. 71-74.
120. Henderson, Texas in the Confederacy, p. xi.
121. Wooten, A Comprehensive History of Texas, II, p. 571. Lester N. Fitzhugh [compiled by], Texas Batteries, Battalions, Regiments, Commanders and Field Officers Confederate States Army 1861-1865 (Midlothian, Texas: Mirror Press, 1959).
122. Dolan to Hurlbut, Apr. 3, 1865, O.R., 48, pt. 2, p. 17.
123. General Order No. 10, Feb. 13, 1865, ibid., pt. 1, pp. 1385-86.
124. James Ford Rhodes, History of the United States From the Compromise of 1850 (New York: The MacMillan Co., 1912-28), V, p. 378.
125. General Order No. 32, Apr. 3, 1865, O.R., II, 8, p. 466. General Order No. 42, Apr. 27, 1865, ibid., 48, pt. 2, pp. 1287-88.
126. Proclamation to the People of Texas, Apr. 27, 1865, Executive Record Book, No. 280, [sic], pp. 12-13.
127. Report of Bell, O.R., 48, pt. 2, pp. 398-403. Magruder to Boggs, Apr. 29, 1865 quoted in A. B. Booth, “Louisiana Confederate Military Records” in Louisiana Historical Quarterly, IV, No. 3, July, 1921, p. 371.
128. Yeary, Reminiscences, pp. 44, 217. Frank C. Pierce, A Brief History of the Rio Grande Valley (Menasha, Wisconsin: George Banta Publishing Co., 1917), pp. 52-54. Florence J. Scott, Old Rough and Ready on the Rio Grande (San Antonio: The Naylor Company, 1935), p. 113.
129. After these negotiations were concluded, Kirby Smith, Murrah, and a number of other leaders left for Mexico.
130. Tri-Weekly Telegraph (Houston), June 20, 1865.
131. Sheridan to Rawlins, Nov. 14, 1866, O.R., 48, pt. 1, pp. 297-303. William A. Ganoe, The History of the United States Army (New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1924), p. 299.
These are selected richer sources of the hundreds of books and documents pertaining to Texas and the Civil War.
Executive Record Books and Governor’s Letters (both in Texas State Archives) contain extensive correspondence and records relating to the problems of managing the state during the war.
Collection of the Papers of Edmund Kirby Smith. Folder No. 37-53 (1863-1866). Microfilm in Texas Collection, The University of Texas Library, original at University of North Carolina. Selected military problems of the departmental commander.
Oldham, W. S., Memoirs, 1861-1867. The University of Texas Archives. Rich comments by Texas’ crusty Confederate Senator.
Eighth Census of the United States. Government Printing Office, Washington, 1864. Statistics of 1860 Texas.
Journal of the Secession Convention of Texas 1861. Edited by Ernest W. Winkler. Austin Printing Co., Austin, 1912. Documentary coverage of the convention’s work.
Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion. Government Printing Office, Washington, 1912.
The War of Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Government Printing Office, Washington, 1880-1901. Specific parts on Texas are: Series I, Vols. 1, 4, 9, 15, 26, 34, 41, and 48; Series II, Vol. 1.
Barron, S. B., The Lone Star Defenders, A Chronicle of the Third Texas Cavalry, Ross’ Brigade. The Neale Publishing Co., New York, 1908.
Blessington, Joseph P., The Campaigns of Walker’s Texas Division. Lange, Little & Co., New York, 1875.
DeBray, X. B., A Sketch of the History of DeBray’s (26th) Regiment of Texas Cavalry. Von Boeckmann, Austin, 1884.
Heartsill, W. W., Fourteen Hundred and 91 Days in the Confederate Army. Edited by Bell I. Wiley. McCowat-Mercer Press, Jackson, Tenn., 1954.
McConnell, Joseph C., The West Texas Frontier. Gazette Printing Company, Jacksboro, Texas.
McHatton-Ripley, Eliza, From Flag to Flag. D. Appleton and Co., New York, 1889.
Newcomb, J. P., Sketch of Secession Times in Texas. San Francisco, 1863.
Noel, Theodore, A Campaign from Santa Fe to the Mississippi: Being a History of the Old Sibley Brigade. Shreveport News Printing Establishment, Shreveport, 1865.
North, Thomas, Five Years in Texas; or What You Did Not Hear During the War from January 1861 to January 1866. Elm Street Printing Co., Cincinnati, 1871.
Raines, C. W. [ed.], Six Decades in Texas or Memoirs of Francis Richard Lubbock. Ben C. Jones & Co., Austin, 1900.
Texas Almanac (for the years 1859 through 1865.) Richardson & Co.
Bancroft, Hubert Howe, History of the North Mexican States and Texas. Vol. XVI of The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft. The History Co., San Francisco, 1889.
Blackburn, J. K. P., Reminiscences of the Terry Rangers. Austin, 1919.
Dyer, John P., The Gallant Hood. The Bobbs-Merrill Company, New York, 1950.
Friend, Llerena, Sam Houston The Great Designer. The University of Texas Press, Austin, 1954.
Giles, L. B., Terry’s Texas Rangers. Copyright 1911.
Hamilton, D. H., History of Company M First Texas Volunteer Infantry, 1925.
Henderson, Harry McCorry, Texas in the Confederacy. The Naylor Company, San Antonio, 1955.
James, Joseph B., “Edmund Kirby Smith: Soldier of the South.” Unpublished M.A. thesis, University of Florida, 1935.
Loughery, Mrs. E. M., War and Reconstruction Times in Texas, 1861-1865. Von Boeckmann-Jones Co., Austin, 1914.
Miller, Edmund T., A Financial History of Texas. Bulletin of the University of Texas, 1916: No. 37, July 1, 1916.
Owsley, Frank L., King Cotton Diplomacy. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1931.
Parks, Joseph H., General Edmund Kirby Smith, C.S.A. Louisiana State University Press, Baton Rouge, 1954.
Pierce, Frank C., A Brief History of the Lower Rio Grande Valley. Geo. Banta Publishing Co., Menasha, Wisconsin, 1917.
Ramsdell, Charles W., Reconstruction in Texas. Columbia University, New York, 1910.
Rippy, J. Fred, The United States and Mexico. F. S. Crofts & Co., New York, 1931.
Roberts, O. M., Texas. Vol. XI of Confederate Military History. Edited by Gen. Clement A. Evans. Confederate Publishing Company, Atlanta, 1899. A half-volume survey of Texas in the war.
Rose, Victor M., Ross’ Texas Brigade. The Courier-Journal Company, Louisville, 1881.
Smith, Ralph J., Reminiscences of the Civil War. San Marcos, 1911.
Wooten, Dudley, A Comprehensive History of Texas 1685 to 1897. William G. Scarff, Dallas, 1898.
Wright, Marcus J., Texas in the War, 1861-1865. Typed copy in Texas State Archives.
Yeary, Mamie, Compiled by, Reminiscenses of the Boys in Gray 1861-1865. Smith and Lamar, Dallas, 1912.
Several dozen different newspapers are available covering the period. A general guide to their existence and location is the rather outdated Texas Newspapers 1813-1939. Prepared by Historical Records Survey Program Division of Professional and Survey Projects. W. P. A. of Texas, San Jacinto Museum of History Association, Houston, 1941. Of particular value are:
The Galveston Tri-Weekly News—Texas State Archives and The University of Texas Library.
The Southern Intelligencer (Austin)—Texas State Archives and The University of Texas Library.
The Tri-Weekly Telegraph (Houston)—The University of Texas Library.
Selections from The Southwestern Historical Quarterly (earlier The Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association) are helpful in fitting missing pieces into the picture. Of particular value are:
Bridge, C. A., “The Knights of the Golden Circle”, LIV, No. 3, pp. 287-302.
Crimmins, Col. M. L., “An Episode in the Career of General David E. Twiggs”, XLI, No. 2, pp. 167-73.
Delaney, Robert W., “Matamoros, Fort for Texas during the Civil War”, LVIII, No. 4, pp. 473-87.
Elliott, Claude, “Union Sentiment in Texas 1861-1865”, L, No. 4, pp. 449-77.
Maher, Edward R., Jr., “Sam Houston and Secession”, LV, No. 4, pp. 448-58.
Ramsdell, Charles W., “The Texas State Military Board”, XXVII, No. 4, pp. 253-75.
Sandbo, Anna I., “Beginnings of the Secession Movement in Texas”, XVIII, No. 1, pp. 41-73; No. 2, pp. 162-94.
Valuable articles are also to be found in such journals as:
| 1861 | |
|---|---|
| January | |
| 5 | Destruction of the printing office of Die Union in Galveston by mob. |
| 21 | Convening of the State Legislature in Austin in compliance with Governor Houston’s proclamation of December 17, 1860. |
| 28 | Approval of the State Legislature of a joint resolution authorizing the impending state convention to act for the people of Texas on the question of secession. |
| Holding a Secession Convention in Austin by request of prominent citizens (O. M. Roberts, George Flournoy, Guy M. Bryan, W. S. Oldham and John Marshall) made on December 3, 1860. | |
| 30 | Appointment of a Committee of Public Safety by the Secession Convention. |
| February | |
| 1 | Approval of an ordinance of secession by the Secession Convention. |
| 2 | Committee of Public Safety directed to seize all Federal property in Texas. |
| 4 | Adjournment of the Secession Convention until March 2. |
| 6 | Address to the people of Texas by the opponents of secession (D. G. Burnett, E. M. Pease, E. J. Davis, A. J. Hamilton, J. W. Throckmorton, John and George Hancock). |
| 9 | Proclamation by Governor Houston ordering an election to be held February 23 for ratifying or rejecting the Ordinance of Secession. |
| Adjournment of the Called Session of the Legislature until March 18. | |
| 16 | Seizure of the U.S. Army Military Post, San Antonio, by representatives and forces under orders of the Committee of Safety. |
| 18 | Surrender of U.S. Military posts in Texas by General David E. Twiggs. |
| 19 | Substitution of Colonel Carlos A. Waite for General Twiggs as U.S. Army Commander, Department of Texas. |
| 21 | Seizure of U.S. property at Brazos Santiago by Colonel “Rip” Ford’s Volunteers upon orders of the Committee of Safety. |
| 21 | Abandonment of Camp Cooper, Throckmorton County, by U.S. troops. |
| 23 | State election for ratifying or rejecting the Ordinance of Secession. |
| 26 | Abandonment of Camp Colorado, Coleman County, by U.S. troops. |
| March | |
| 1 | Dismissal of General Twiggs from U.S. Army service. |
| 2 | Reassembly of the Secession Convention in Austin. |
| Seizure of U.S. revenU.S.hooner Henry Dodge by armed forces acting under orders of the Committee of Safety. | |
| 4 | Votes canvassed on secession ordinance: for secession, 46,129; against, 14,697. |
| 7 | Abandonment of Ringgold Barracks, Starr County, and Camp Verde, Kerr County, by U.S. troops. |
| 12 | Abandonment of Camp McIntosh, Webb County, by U.S. troops. |
| 15 | Abandonment of Camp Wood, Real County, by U.S. troops. |
| 16 | Administering the Confederate oath of office to state officials in the presence of the Secession Convention; Governor Houston refused to take the oath. |
| 17 | Abandonment of Camp Hudson. Val Verde County, by U.S. troops. |
| 19 | Abandonment of Forts Clark, Kinney County; Inge, Uvalde County; and Lancaster, Crockett County, by U.S. troops. |
| Governor Sam Houston’s farewell address published in newspapers. | |
| 20 | Abandonment of Fort Brown, Cameron County, and Fort Duncan, Maverick County, by U.S. troops. |
| 23 | Abandonment of Fort Chadbourne, Coke County, by U.S. troops. |
| Ratification of the permanent Constitution of the Confederate States by the Secession Convention. | |
| 25 | Adjournment of the Secession Convention. |
| 29 | Abandonment of Fort Mason, Mason County, by U.S. troops. |
| 31 | Abandonment of Fort Bliss, El Paso County, by U.S. troops. |
| April | |
| 5 | Abandonment of Fort Quitman, Hudspeth County, by U.S. troops. |
| 9 | Adjournment of the called session of the legislature. |
| 11 | Arrival in New York of Federal troops from Texas aboard U.S.S. Coatzacoalcos. |
| 12 | Fort Sumter fired upon. |
| 13 | Abandonment of Fort Davis, Jeff Davis County, by U.S. troops. |
| 17 | Texas Volunteers under Colonel Earl Van Dorn, C.S.A., capture Star Of The West off Texas coast near Indianola. |
| 20 | Seizure of U.S. Coast Guard schooner Twilight by W. A. Jones, Deputy Custom Collector, Aransas, Texas. |
| 21 | Assumption of Military Command of Texas by Colonel Earl Van Doren, C.S.A. |
| 23 | U.S. Army officers at San Antonio made prisoners of war; capture of 8th U.S. Infantry near San Antonio. |
| 25 | Surrender of U.S. forces at Indianola. |
| Abandonment of Fort Stockton, Pecos County, by U.S. troops. | |
| May | |
| 9 | Capture of U.S. troops near San Lucas Springs or Adams Hill, fifteen miles west of San Antonio. |
| 5 | Capture of Forts Arbuckle, Cobb and Washita, Indian Territory, by Texas state troops commanded by Colonel W. C. Young. |
| 13-14 | Burning of the Alamo Express office, San Antonio by the Knights of the Golden Circle |
| June | |
| ? | Organization in Virginia of the First Texas Infantry Regiment. |
| 13 | Organization of the Third Regiment, Texas Cavalry. |
| July | |
| 2 | Blockading of Galveston initiated by the U.S.S. South Carolina. |
| 4-12 | Destruction and capture of twelve vessels off Galveston by the U.S.S. South Carolina. |
| Taking the Oath of Allegiance to the State of Texas and the Confederacy by Live Oak County residents at a mass meeting in Oakville. | |
| 8 | Ordering of Brigadier General H. H. Sibley of Texas to expel U.S. forces from New Mexico. |
| 27 | Fort Filmore near Mesilla, New Mexico, captured by Second Regiment Texas Mounted Rifles under Lieutenant Colonel John R. Baylor, C.S.A. |
| August | |
| ? | Skirmishing near Fort Bliss; preparation of Confederate forces for the invasion of New Mexico. |
| 3 | Bombardment of Confederate batteries at Galveston by U.S.S. South Carolina. |
| 11 | Ambushing of Lieutenant May’s detachment of fourteen men, Company D, Second Regiment Texas Mounted Rifles, in a fight with Apaches near Fort Bliss. |
| 14 | Appointment of General Paul O. Hébert, Commander of all Confederate troops in Texas. |
| September | |
| 6 | Mustering of the Sixth Regiment of Texas Cavalry into service at Camp Bartow, Dallas County. |
| 7 | Capturing of the Solidad Cos off Galveston. Its cargo was coffee. |
| 9 | Mustering into service Terry’s Texas Rangers at Houston. |
| 18 | Transferring the command of Confederate troops in Texas from General Van Dorn to General Hébert. |
| October | |
| 1-20 | Discovery of a secret organization in Cooke and adjacent counties to overthrow the Confederate state Government resulting in numerous hangings in and near Gainesville. |
| 2 | Organization of the Ninth Texas Cavalry at Brogden Springs, twelve miles north of Sherman. |
| 3 | Capturing of the Reindeer off San Luis Pass by the U.S.S. Sam Houston. |
| 5-8 | Evacuation of Galveston during a four day truce. |
| 11-16 | Military Operations from Fort Inge, Uvalde County, against Indians led by Sergeant W. Barrett and Company D, Second Regiment Texas Mounted Rifles. |
| 22 | Sibley’s Brigade leaves San Antonio for the invasion of New Mexico. |
| 27 | Capturing of the brig Delta off Galveston by the U.S.S. Santee. |
| November | |
| 1 | Skirmishing between Indians and a scouting party of the First Texas Regiment Mounted Rifles near Pease River. |
| 7 | Francis R. Lubbock inaugurated governor. |
| 8 | Capture of the Royal Yacht by Federal sailors in Bolivar Channel. |
| 12 | Organization of the First, Fourth and Fifth Texas Infantry Regiments and the Eighteenth Georgia Regiment into a brigade. |
| December | |
| 7 | Suspension by Texas Legislature of all law providing for the collection of certain debts and liabilities on bonds, promissory notes, bills of exchange and contracts for money payments until January 1, 1864, or six months after the end of the war, except for those applying to enemy aliens. |
| 30 | Capturing of the schooner Gasonne off Galveston. |
| 1862 | |
| January | |
| 6 | Permission by the State Legislature to Anderson County allowing the levying and collection of taxes sufficient to pay for 128 Morse Rifles. |
| Legislative appropriation of $5,000 to pay the cost of transporting all clothing or other contributions to Texans in the Confederate service. | |
| 8 | Legislative provision for a Hospital Fund of $150,000 to care for the sick and wounded Texas Soldiers. |
| 11 | Legislation creating a State Military Board with authority to buy arms and munitions, to manufacture arms and munitions and establish foundries for the manufacture of ordinance and arms. |
| 13 | Legislative authorization of County Patrols. |
| 14 | Legislative appropriation of $1,000,000 for military purposes. |
| February | |
| 11-13 | Policing of Aransas Bay by Federal Navy. |
| 21 | Defeat by General H. H. Sibley’s Brigade of the Federal forces at Val Verde and the capture of Albuquerque and Santa Fe. |
| 22 | Attack on Aransas Pass by U.S. Navy. |
| March | |
| 25 | Organization of Sixteenth Texas Volunteer Infantry Regiment at Camp Groce near Hempstead, Texas. |
| 28 | Defeat of General H. H. Sibley’s Brigade at Glorietta, N. M.; return of troops to Texas and collapse of John R. Baylor’s Confederate government in the Arizona Territory. |
| April | |
| 5 | Patroling by the U.S. Navy in San Luis Pass, Galveston Island. |
| ? | Organizing and enlisting of the Thirty-First Texas Cavalry for the duration of the war. |
| 16 | Enactment of the first Confederate conscription law. |
| 22 | Capture of U.S. Navy launches off Aransas Pass. |
| 25 | Capture of U.S. Troops at Saluria (Matagorda Island). |
| Surrender of U.S. forces at Indianola. | |
| May | |
| 14-15 | U.S. Navy demonstrations at Galveston. |
| 26 | Creation of the Trans-Mississippi Military Department of the Confederacy. |
| 30 | Declaration of martial law in Texas. |
| July | |
| 4 | Attack on U.S. vessels at Velasco. |
| 7-17 | Increased Patrol activity by U.S. Navy in San Luis Pass. |
| August | |
| ? | Burning of Fort Bliss by retreating units of Sibley’s Regiment; reoccupation of reservation by Federals. |
| 10 | Skirmishing at Nueces River, near Fort Clark, Texas, between Unionists and Confederates. |
| 11 | Action by U.S. Navy at Velasco. |
| 12 | Capture of the Breaker and the destruction of the Hannah at Corpus Christi. |
| 16-18 | Bombardment of Corpus Christi by U.S. Navy. |
| 20 | Placing Texas and Arizona Territory in the Trans-Mississippi Military Department. |
| September | |
| 2 | Enactment of new Confederate conscription law raising the age limit to include all males from 18 to 45; repeal of martial law in Texas. |
| 13-14 | Operations at Flour Bluff, near Corpus Christi. |
| 24 | U.S. Navy bombards and captures Sabine Pass. |
| 26 | U.S. Navy captured Sabine City. |
| 27 | U.S. Navy attempts to burn railroad bridge across Taylor’s Bayou in Jefferson County. |
| October | |
| 2 | Burning of the railroad depot at Beaumont. |
| 5 | Capture of Galveston by U.S. forces. |
| 10 | Arrival of General J. B. Magruder to command Confederate forces in Texas. |
| 29 | Confederate troops attack U.S. Steamer Dan at Sabine City. |
| 31 | Bombardment of Lavaca by U.S. Naval forces. |
| November | |
| 14 | Naming of A. J. Hamilton Federal Military Governor of Texas. |
| 20 | U.S. Naval action near Matagorda. |
| 29 | General J. B. Magruder assumes command of District of Texas, New Mexico and Arizona with headquarters in Houston. |
| December | |
| 12 | Naval action against Confederate installation on Padre Island. |
| 24 | Occupation of Galveston by Federal forces. |
| 1863 | |
| January | |
| 1 | Confederate use of a combined land and water attack to capture Galveston as well as the Harriett Lane and to destroy the Westfield. |
| 11 | Naval engagement near Galveston between the Federal Hatteras and the Confederate Alabama. |
| 31 | Confederate gunboats Josia Bell and Uncle Ben capture Union warships Morning Light and Velocity off Sabine Pass. |
| March | |
| 5 | Legislative addition of $200,000 to the Hospital Fund; appropriation of $600,000 for distribution among needy members of soldier’s families and doubling of state tax rate. |
| April | |
| 18 | U.S. Navy paid a call on Sabine Pass, resulting in capture of landing party. |
| May | |
| 3 | U.S. Navy landing party upon Joseph Island attacked and repulsed. |
| 22 | Capture of the schooner Stingaree on the Brazos River. |
| 30 | U.S. Navy attack at Port Isabel. |
| August | |
| 10-13 | Mutiny at Galveston. |
| September | |
| 8 | Repulse of General Bank’s expedition at Sabine Pass by Lieutenant Dick Dowling’s men. |
| November | |
| 2-6 | Occupation of Brazos Island and Brownsville, result of Federal combined army and navy action. |
| 5 | Pendleton Murrah inaugurated Governor. |
| 17 | Capture of Confederate battery at Aransas Pass. |
| 22 | Skirmishing in Cedar Bayou, Matagorda County. |
| 25 | U.S. Navy attack on and capture of Fort Esperanza, Matagorda Island. |
| December | |
| 1 | A. J. Hamilton arrives at Brownsville and attempts to exercise authority as Military Governor of Texas. |
| 10 | Legislative authorization for the Governor to sell $2,000,000 of cotton bonds. |
| 15 | Enactment of law defining “sedition” and “disloyalty” and setting the punishment upon conviction before a jury. |
| Legislative appropriation of $200,000 for the Hospital Fund. | |
| Legislative appropriation of $1,000,000 to be spent in the next biennium for support and maintenance of families of Texas officers and soldiers. | |
| 16 | Appropriation of $1,000,000 in Confederate State Treasury notes to be expended for the defense of the state’s western frontier, 1864 and 1865. Severe Indian raids in Montague and Cooke counties. |
| 23 | Indianola occupied by a Federal Brigade. |
| 29 | Skirmishing of Confederates and Federals on Matagorda Bay; attack of U.S. Navy on Cavallo Pass. |
| 1864 | |
| January | |
| 3 | Major General Francis J. Herron assumed command of Federal forces on the Rio Grande. |
| 8 | Naval action at entrance of Caney Creek, Matagorda County. |
| 21-25 | Reconnaissance on Matagorda Peninsula. |
| February | |
| 11 | Bombardment and destruction of the town of Lamar, Aransas County, by the Federal Navy. |
| 17 | Changing of conscription law to include ages 17 to 50 and to make exemptions from service subject to approval of President Davis. |
| 23 | Naval fighting near Indianola. |
| March | |
| 12 | Evacuating Fort McIntosh by the Confederates. |
| 13 | Skirmishing at Los Patricios or San Patricio by Federal and Confederate troops. |
| 16 | Skirmish at Santa Rosa, Cameron County, by Federal and Confederate troops. |
| 17 | Attack on Corpus Christi by Confederates. |
| 19 | Federal attack on Laredo. |
| 21 | Attack at Velasco by Union blockading ship. |
| 22 | Defeat of Federals under E. J. Davis near Laredo. |
| Affair at Corpus Christi. | |
| April | |
| 12-13 | U.S. Navy expedition up Matagorda Bay. |
| June | |
| 15 | Evacuation of U.S. held Cavallo Pass. |
| 19 | Skirmishing at Eagle Pass. |
| 26 | Skirmishing at Los Rucias, 24 miles from Brownsville. |
| July | |
| 7 | Expedition into Galveston Bay by ships of the U.S. Navy. |
| 30 | Reoccupation of Brownsville by Confederate forces. |
| August | |
| 4-15 | Military operations off Brazos Santiago Island by Federal Forces. |
| 17 | General J. B. Magruder transferred to District of Arkansas and Major General John G. Walker assumed command in Texas. |
| 19 | Skirmishing at Port Isabel. |
| September | |
| 6 | Skirmishing at Palmetto Ranch near Brazos Santiago. |
| October | |
| 13-20 | Indian engagement on Elm Creek near Fort Belknap, Young County, on the 13th; operations against the Indians until 20th. |
| 14 | Skirmishing of Federals and Confederates at Boca Chica Pass, near Brownsville. |
| November | |
| 12 | Passage of a joint resolution by the Legislature expressing an unfavorable attitude toward agitation for a reunion of the states by rewriting the constitution so as to include guarantees favorable to the Confederate states. |
| 15 | Legislative appropriation for the annual use of 600,000 yards of cloth and excess thread manufactured by the state penitentiary to be distributed to indigent families and dependents of Texas soldiers; distribution to be the task of the county courts. |
| December | |
| 15-20 | Raiding by Indians from Oklahoma in Montague and other North Texas counties. |
| 1865 | |
| January | |
| 8 | Texas troops defeated in Dove Creek Indian Fight, 16 miles south of San Angelo. |
| February | |
| 10 | Creation of the Military Department of the Gulf, to include Texas and Louisiana by the U.S. Government. |
| March | |
| 31 | Replacing of General John G. Walker by General J. B. Magruder as Commander of the District of Texas, New Mexico and Arizona. |
| April 19 to May 17 | |
| Negotiations for Confederate surrender in Trans-Mississippi. | |
| May | |
| 11-14 | Federal expedition from Brazos Santiago Island; skirmishing and fighting on 12th and 13th at Palmetto and White’s ranch, last fighting of the war. |
| 25 | Alerting of the 25th U.S. Army Corps for duty in Texas. |
| 29 | Assumption of command by General Phil H. Sheridan, U.S.A., of the Military Division of the Southwest. |
| June | |
| 2 | Surrender of the Trans-Mississippi Department, C.S.A., by General Kirby Smith at Galveston. |
| 17 | Assumption of command of all U.S. troops in Texas by General Gordon Granger. |
| Appointment of A. J. Hamilton provisional governor of Texas. | |
| 19 | General Gordon Granger arrived in Galveston and issued order freeing all slaves in Texas and Louisiana. |
| 27 | Assumption of command by General Phil H. Sheridan of the Military Division of the Gulf. |
| Naming of General E. R. S. Canby as commander of the Department of Louisiana and Texas. | |