Mines, 117, 131, 221,
in Gaul, 212
Mint at Lyons, 211
Misenum, 186
Mithradates, King of Pontus, 60, 103,
massacre by, 65,
duration of war against, 107,
defeated by Pompeius, 109,
portrait on coin, 158
Mithradatic War, 103
Mithraism, 201, 299, 308
Modena, 163
Mœsia, 194, 220, 265
Mogontiacum (Mainz), 263
Moles Hadriani, 294
Mommsen, Theodor, on Greece and Rome, 10;
on Roman religion, 40,
on Roman luxury, 72,
on Cæsar, 112,
on the Gauls, 115,
on Augustus, 198
Monaco, monument to Augustus at, 220
Monarchy, Cæsar and, 124,
hereditary, 175,
Augustus and the, 183,
growth of, 277
Money, 313
Monotheism, 207, 303
Morality, 79, 136, 138
Morocco See Mauretania
Mosaics, 158, 247, 296, 316
Moselle, the, 215
Mucianus, 274
Mule and tent money, 190
Mummius, 155, 247
Munda, 123
Municipal government, 284
Municipal life, 195
Municipal senators, 311
Municipia, 28
Mural painting, 152
Music in schools, 286
Musonius Rufus, 302
Mysia. See Mœsia
Mythology, early Roman, 36, 37, 38.
See also Religion

Nabatæa, 194
Nævius, 75
Naples, 134, 251, 296
Naples, Bay of, 283
Narbonne, 210
Narcissus, 256
Nations, wandering of the, 309
Natural law, 298
Nature-worship, 240
Navy, 48, 186, 187
Neolithic culture, 14
Nepos, 150
Nero,
Suetonius on, 162, 256, 306,
unpopular, 177;
Petronius satirises, 242;
the historians and, 254,
his Golden House, 256,
murders, 256,
attempts upon his mother’s life, 257,
story of his death, 257;
posthumous honours, 259,
and the Jews, 268;
accession, 272,
administration, 272-273,
his fall, 273,
entertainments, 279,
tyranny, 287;
and Seneca, 291,
Greek curio-hunting, 293,
Christian persecution, 301
Nero, Claudius, 227
Nero, colossus of, 282
Nerva, 179, 275, 276, 289
Nicolaus, 206
Nicomedia, 312
Nicopolis, 202
Nile, the, 204
Ninth Legion, 122, 260
Niobe, 241
Nismes, Temple of, 251
Nobility, 223, 224
Nola, 106
Nomads, Northern, 197
Noricum, 194, 220
Northern descents on the Mediterranean peoples, 213
Numa, 19
Numantia, 85
Numidia, 92, 208
Numidian cavalry, 52, 98
Nymphs, 37

Ocean, the, 210, 213, 217
Octavia, 126, 129, 138, 175, 224, 228, 235
Octavius, (tribune), 87
Octavius, Octavian. See Augustus
Odenathus, 307
Odoacer, 314
Officialism See Bureaucracy
Oil, free, 308
Olympia, 201
Olympian mythology, 207, 240
Omens, 32, 139
Opimius, L., 92
Ops Consiva, 37, 38
Oratory, 144, 147, 148
Orestes (sculpture), 249
Oriens, 312
Ornament in sculpture, 249,
painted, 297
Orodes, 200
Osiris, 203
Ostia, 12, 27, 255
Otho, 273
Ovid, Latinity of, 9;
and Augustus, 169,
and the defeat of Parthia, 199,
and the gods, 225,
an immoral writer, 240;
and the loves of the gods, 240,
and nature-worship, 240;
typical of the civilisation of his day, 241,
as a barrister, 241,
banishment, 242;
and the younger Julia, 242;
his character, 242
Oysters, Lucrine, 187

Pacuvius, 76, 138
Pagan-Christian rites, 304
Painting (art), 152, 296
Pais, Prof. Ettore, 42
Palatine Hill, 25, 280
Palatine, the, 168
Palazzo dei Conservatori, 294
Pales (god), 36
Palestine, 268
Palmyra, 282, 295, 306, 307, 308
Pamphylia, 193
Pannonia, 193, 220
Pannonian and Illyrian revolt, 184, 217
Pantheon, the, 251, 294
Paphlagonia, 193
Parilia, 36
Paris, 211
Parisii, the, 211
Parthenon frieze, 249
Parthia, 247, 266, 267, 269
Parthians, the, 107, 125, 129, 197-200, 259
Party system started by the Gracchi, 90
Pasiteles, 155
Passports, 196
“Patavinity,” 151
Patras, 202
Patriarchal system, 25, 26
Patricians, 14, 25, 30, 43, 167, 272, 314
Patriciate, the, 224
Patriotism, 231
Patronage in literature, 232
Patrons of art, 246, 247
Patronus, or champion, 176, 195
Paul, St., 207, 300,
appeal to Cæsar, 194
Paulinus, Suetonius, 260
Pausanias, 290
“Pax,” 166
Pax Augusta, 209
Pax Julia (Beja), 221
Pax Romana, 61, 186
Peace under Augustus, 166,
Augustan Altar of Peace (“Tellus Group”), 244, 245, 248, 251;
in the Antonine age, 303,
and defence, 309
Pelignians, 13
Penates, 37
Pensions for soldiers, 99, 185
People, the, 179
Peræa, 194
Pergamum, 55,
Attalids of, 246
Pericles, 157
Perseus, 56
Persians, 307
Perspective in sculpture, 248
Pertinax, 306
Perugia, 129, 196
Perusine War, 227
Peter, St., 300
Petronius Arbiter, 138, 242, 278, 279
Petronius the legate, 205
Pharisaism, 207
Pharisees, the, 269
Pharsalus, Battle of, 121
Philemon, 76
Philip of Macedon, 50, 54
Philip the Arabian, bust of, 292
Philippi, Battles of, 128
Philistine coast towns, 205
Philistinism in Roman art, 246
Philo Judæus, 290, 300
Philomela, 241
Philosophy, 139, 279, 286, 290, 299, 300
Phœbe, 230
Phraates, 198, 200
Phrygian corybants, 139
Piacenza, 53
Piazza, 252
Piety, 235
Pilate, Pontius, 206
Pile-dwellings, 14
Pilum, the, 98
Piracy, 59, 106, 108
Pisidia, 193
Piso C. Calpurnius, 80
Piso (consul with Augustus), 174
Placidia, Empress, 315
Plague, the, 290, 307
Plantation system of slaves, 71
Platæa, 201
Plautius Silvanus, Aulus, 259
Plautus, 76, 77, 138
Plebeians, 14, 25, 30, 43
Plebiscite, the, 174, 179
Plebs, secession of the, 30
Pliny (the elder) and Etruscan art, 20,
art critic, 249;
as compiler, 290
Pliny (the younger), history in, 195, 278,
and the emperors, 242,
condition of Italy, 196,
letters, 270;
benevolence, 283,
and schools, 286,
and reading, 287,
and toleration, 301
Plutarch, 290
Poetry of the Republic, 142,
of the Augustan age, 233-243,
of the Empire, 288-289
Polemo, 200
Police, 182, 186
Political system, reform of, and the Gracchi, 89
Pollio, Asinius, 160, 168, 232, 234
Polybius, 66, 150
Polycarp, 300
Polygnotus, 296
Pompeian law, 120
Pompeii, 134, 195, 283, 285, 296, 297
Pompeius, Gneius, the Great, and new provinces, 60;
and the monarchy, 100,
supporter of Sulla, 105, 108,
ally of Crassus, 108,
ruler of the sea, 109;
puts down piracy, 109,
defeats Mithradates, 109,
and Cæsar, 114, 119;
political incapacity, 118,
sole consul, 119,
flies before Cæsar, 121;
murdered, 122,
and the walls of Jerusalem, 123,
his wealth, 132,
Vergil and, 288
Pompeius, Sextus, a pirate, 123,
joined by “patriots,” 128,
defeat of, 129,
his allies against Augustus, 164,
and Sicily, 209;
reconciliation with Augustus, 226
Pomponius Mela, 290
Pont du Gard, 294
Pontifex maximus, 32.
See also Cæsar
Pontus, 60, 193, 194, 200, 312
Poor children, Pliny’s benefaction for, 283
Pope, the, 315
Population, decline of, 313
Populus Romanus, 174, 177, 179
Pork, free, 308
Portraiture, Etruscan, 152,
dread of, 156,
under the Republic, 156-157,
under Augustus, 248-250,
under the Empire, 292
Portugal, 221
Portus Julius, 187
Post, 196
Postumus, 306
Pottery, Etruscan, 20,
Gallic, 114,
Aretine, 159
“Præfects, Prætorian,” 312
Præneste, 251, 296
Prætor peregrinus, 298
Prætor urbanus, 298
Prætorian guard, the, Augustus and, 172,
dominates politics, 175,
commanded by prefects, 182,
its strength, 182, 185,
murder Caligula and choose Claudius, 271,
choose Nero, 272;
and the succession, 273, 306,
Vespasian and, 274,
lawyers as prefects, 309
Prætonum, 206
Prætors, 30, 31, 41, 63, 181, 182, 193, 299
Prasina Factio, 280
Praxiteles, 155
Prefects, of the Fleet, 187;
of the City, 182,
of the Guard, 182,
of Egypt, 203, 204
President of the state, 134
Press censorship, 163, 289
Prices, Edict of, 310
Priests, colleges of, 32,
and the law, 41;
and dining, 133;
High Priests, 201
Primus, M., 177
“Princeps,” 171,
origin of the principate, 177,
Augustus and the office, 180
“Princes,” 124
“Princes of the Youth,” 181
Principate, the, 177, 270
Principes, the, 29
Priscus, Helvidius, 300
Prisoners, Roman, as slaves, 197
Probus, 179, 308
Proconsuls, 193
Procurators, 194
Proletariat, the, 132.
See also Populus Propertius and the Parthians, 199,
and Mæcenas, 233,
as poet, 239-240;
loss of patrimony, 243
Property-tax, 189,
in Gaul, 190
Proprætors, 194
Provence, 210
Provinces, early, 58;
acquisition and government, 59-65,
local autonomy, 61,
corruption, 64,
self-supporting and profitable, 188,
taxes, 190;
of the Roman world, 193,
under the senate, 193,
Cæsar’s provinces, 193,
lists of provinces, 193-194,
under Diocletian, 312.
See also the names of provinces as Spain, Gaul, Africa
Provincia, 59
Prudishness, 80
Ptolemy, alliance with, 47
“Publican and sinner,” 64
Publicans (Publicani), 64, 207
Punic War, First, 48,
Second, 49,