Adalia, 158, 296, 297-8.
Adana, 74, 282, 296, 298-9.
Adrianople, 39, 91, 100, 103, 112, 114, 121, 123, 125-6, 171-87, 207, 231-2, 261;
unique place of, in Ottoman history, 139.
Afion Kara Hissar, 11, 290.
Aïdin, 65, 86, 158, 185-6, 191, 228, 283, 286, 291;
Ottoman absorption of, 185, 259, 274, 287.
Akbara, 69, 284.
Akridur, 284, 288-9.
Ak Seraï, 16, 162, 187, 189, 237, 284, 300.
Ak Sheïr, 154, 187, 260, 284-5.
Ak Tchaï, battle of, 188-90.
Alaïa, 285, 289.
Albania, Ottoman invasions of, 147, 159-60, 170, 183, 206, 243.
Albanian nobility, conversion of, to Islam, 76.
Albanians, value of, in Ottoman army, 159.
Alaeddin Kaï Kobad, composition of army of, 16-17;
connexion with Osmanlis, 20-2, 264, 266, 269;
fortifies Sivas, 246.
—— of Karamania, 165-7, 187-90, 288;
sons of, set free by Timur after Angora, 257.
—— pasha (brother of Orkhan), 70-2.
Alexander of Bulgaria, 103, 138-9, 170.
Ali pasha (grand vizier of Bayezid), 171-2, 199-200, 234.
Altoluogo, 286.
Amadeo of Savoy, crusade of, 128, 130;
proselytizing zeal of, aids conquests of Murad, 141-2;
intervenes to make peace between Venice and Genoa, 155;
hostility to Theodore Palaeologos, 228.
Amassia, 250, 300.
Anatoli Hissar, 234.
Anatolia (see Asia Minor).
Angora, 16, 68, 155, 162, 188, 191, 250, 259, 264, 285-6, 288;
battle of, 251-5, 262;
capture of, by Osmanlis, 68, 156.
Anna of Savoy, 91-4, 129.
Argos, population of, deported to Anatolia, 230.
Armenia, Little, kingdom of (see Cilicia).
Armenians, bravery and massacre of, at Sivas, 248.
Asia Minor, railways in, 11-12;
new ethnic elements in, 14-15;
obscure geographical names in, 32;
exodus of Greeks to coast of, 35;
Catalans in, 36-8, 123, 301;
importance of Aegaean islands for control of, 43;
not conquered by early Osmanlis, 68-9, 300-2;
Black Death in, 96;
Crusaders’ road through, 162;
Bayezid nominal master of greater part of, 191;
Timur invades, 257-60;
Mongol invasions of, 270-3, 300;
Turkish emirates in, 277-301.
Athens, Osmanlis in, 231.
Attika, Ottoman invasions of, 147, 186, 205.
Ayasoluk, 185, 283, 286, 295.

Bagdad, 244, 249, 269.
Balikesri, 66, 69, 286, 291, 294.
Balkan Christians prefer Ottoman rule to that of Catholics, 133, 194, 240.
—— peninsula, distance between cities of, 162;
Moslem immigration into, 196, 230-91;
Venetian fear of Hungarian hegemony in, 207;
Ottoman activities cease in, 243.
Balsa of Albania, 159.
Baphaeon, battle of, 34, 45.
Bayezid, assassinates Yakub upon his accession, 180;
marries daughter of Lazar, 183;
conquers Anatolian emirates, 184-91, 274;
invests Smyrna, 185;
completes conquest of Bulgaria, 195;
receives privileges in Constantinople, 199;
propitiated by Venetians and Genoese, 204-5, 207;
continues subjugation of Albania and Greece, 230, 243;
defeats crusaders at Nicopolis, 216-24;
invades the Morea, 228-32;
settles Anatolian Turks in Balkan peninsula, and pushes siege of Constantinople after Nicopolis, 230-4;
extends conquests to valley of the Euphrates, and comes into contact with Timur, 244;
defies Timur, 246;
defeated by Timur at Angora, 251-5;
taken prisoner and humiliated, 253-6;
dies at Ak Sheïr, 256;
arrogance of, 181-2, 209, 227, 246, 249;
origin of nickname Yildirim, 188;
contemporary western conception of, 208;
change of character after success, 225, 235, 249, 257;
claims to greatness as a statesman, 235;
humble origin of, 245, 267;
wrong tactics at Angora, 251-2;
discussion of cage story, 255-6;
durability of conquests of, 262.
Bayezid, sons of, confusion of western writers concerning identity of, 246, 252;
fate of, after Angora, 255;
fight for succession, 259.
Belgrad, 162.
Bigha, Catalan colony of, 123, 294, 301.
Biledjik, 11, 12, 22, 33.
Black Death, 95-6, 115.
—— Sheep, dynasty of, 245.
Bogomile heresy, 93.
Boli, 286, 292.
Borlu, 286.
Bosnia, Ottoman invasions of, 147, 184, 191.
(See also Tvrtko.)
Bosnian nobility, conversion to Islam, 75.
Bosphorus, 32, 45, 59, 233-4, 237, 260-1.
Boucicaut, crusade of, 128, 236-9;
in Nicopolis campaign, 212-23;
tries to raise ransom at Constantinople, 226;
crusaders left behind by, save Constantinople, 242.
Brusa, 12, 13, 22, 32, 45, 46, 54, 84, 122, 125, 152, 185, 188, 198, 225, 257, 275-6, 286-7;
captured by the Osmanlis, 46-8;
place in Ottoman history, 125.
Buda, John Palaeologos at, 130;
Nicopolis crusaders at, 211.
Bulaïr, 101, 111.
Bulgaria, incorporated in Ottoman Empire, 195.
Bulgarians, early propagation of Islam among, 26;
refuse to aid Byzantines against Osmanlis, 103;
first conflict with Osmanlis in Thrace, 111-14;
make John Palaeologus prisoner, and are attacked by Savoyard crusaders, 129-30;
struggle against Osmanlis in Thrace, 139-40;
resist Hungarian attempts to convert them to Catholic faith, 141;
lose Sofia, 161;
Ottoman invasion and conquest, 171-3, 194-5;
aid Osmanlis in Karamanian campaign, 188;
oppressed by Greek patriarchate, 195-6.
Bunar Hissar, 112, 139.
Burgas, 129, 142.
Burhaneddin of Caesarea, 190, 287, 297.
Byzantine architecture, influence of, upon Ottoman, 275-6.
—— emperor, glamour of title in Western Europe, 241.
Byzantines, civil dynastic strife among, 35, 47-9, 57-61, 91-4, 98-105, 149-54, 197-200, 237-9, 259;
first contact with Osmanlis, 34;
receive aid from Catalans, 37-40;
seek aid of Genoese and Serbians, against Turks, 41;
menaced again by western schemes of conquest, 42;
lose Bithynia to Osmanlis, 45-9;
defeated by Osmanlis at Pelecanon, 59-61;
weakness of opposition of, to Orkhan, 106;
abasement of, before Murad, 122;
fail to cooperate with other Balkan Christians against Osmanlis, 123, 139;
make treaty with Genoese, 162;
reduced to city state of Constantinople, 232-4, 242-3;
aided by Boucicaut’s crusade, 236-9, 242;
fail to take advantage of defeat of Bayezid by Timur, and help Ottoman armies in retreat to Europe, 261.

Caesarea, 16, 190, 248, 272, 284, 287, 300.
Callixtus, patriarch, 101-3, 144.
Cantacuzenos, Helen, 94.
——, Irene, 91, 94, 103.
——, John, wounded by Turks, 48;
at battle of Pelecanon, 60;
prevents marriage alliance between Orkhan and Dushan, 90;
usurps imperial purple, 91;
marries daughter to Orkhan, 93;
forces widow of Andronicus III to recognize him as co-emperor, and marries daughter to John Palaeologus, 93-4;
asks aid of Orkhan against Dushan, 98;
dynastic war with John Palaeologus, in which Osmanlis help him, 99-102;
forced to abdicate, and becomes monk, 103;
character of, 104-5;
responsibility for introducing Osmanlis into Europe, 92-5, 97-100, 102-3, 105-10;
grand-daughter of, in harem of Bayezid, 230.
——, Matthew, turns against father, 98;
Patriarch Callixtus refuses to consecrate as co-emperor, 101-2;
forced by John Palaeologus to abdicate, 103.
——, Theodora, wife of Orkhan, 93-4, 98, 107.
Catalans, aid Byzantines in Asia Minor, 37-8;
form state at Gallipoli, 39;
go to Thessaly, 40;
sack Chios, 43;
mercenaries of Cantacuzenos, 103;
remnants of, at Bigha, 123, 301.
Cattaro, 134.
Charles IV (Holy Roman Emperor), 138.
—— of Durazzo, 192.
—— VI of France, rejoices over death of Murad, 178;
opposes Bayezid, 202, 208-9, 233;
insanity of, 202, 209, 242;
receives Manuel Palaeologus, 241;
Timur proposes to share world with, 249;
misinformed about origin and power of Osmanlis, 208-9, 274.
—— Thopia, lord of Durazzo, 159.
Chios, 43, 163, 186, 205.
Chivalry, last effort of, in crusade against Bayezid, 211-14, 217-20, 222-4, 225-8.
Christians in Ottoman Empire, civil status of, 77-8.
Cilicia, 13, 271, 282, 293, 298-9, 300.
Constantine, Bulgarian prince of Kustendil, 140, 143, 173.
Constantinople, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 24, 36, 41, 79, 91, 100, 121, 125, 148-9, 162, 196-200, 205-7, 232-4, 235-9, 241-3, 259-60.
Corfu, Venetians alarmed about safety of, 243.
Croia, 160.
Crusaders, road of, to Jerusalem, 162.
Crusades, end of, 13, 14, 203;
perversion of, in 14th century, 143.
——, Nicopolis the last, 203.
Cypriotes, join league against Murad, 163;
fighting Genoese, 239;
relations with Rhodes and Anatolian emirates, 285, 290, 295, 297, 299-300.

Damascus, 240, 250, 279, 287.
Dardanelles, 22, 128, 261, 291, 293;
‘question’ of, 152, 203, 237.
Demotika, 48, 57, 90, 91, 99, 100, 105, 112, 114, 121, 125, 150.
Despina, daughter of Lazar, marries Bayezid, 183;
disgraced by Timur, 256.
Djagataï, 244.
Djenghiz Khan, 13, 16, 26, 41, 53, 74, 243-4, 256, 264, 270.
Dobrotich, 140, 170.
Drama, 146, 158, 161.
Durazzo, 159, 162, 201-2, 206.
Dushan, Stephen, 86-90, 94, 98-9, 143, 201.

Edebali, Sheik, 23-4, 27.
Egherdir, 284, 288.
Elbassan, 159.
Emir, confused by contemporary western writers with Murad, 213;
transcribed into ‘admiral’, 163.
Enos, 114, 123.
Ephesus, 258-9, 283.
Epiros, Ottoman invasion of, 159.
Ertogrul, father of Osman, 20-2, 28, 263-4, 267.
Erzerum, 20, 266, 270, 288, 300.
Erzindjian, 20, 246, 248, 259, 266, 270, 272, 288, 293, 300.
Eski Baba, 112.
—— Sheïr, 11, 12, 22, 32, 290.
Evrenos, general of Murad, 112, 143, 146.
——, general of Osman, 48, 76.
—— of Yanitza, 171, 228, 230.

Famagusta, 239, 298.
Flor, Roger de, 37-9, 43.
Fratricide, Ottoman legal sanction of, 180-1.

Gallipoli, 39, 41, 100-3, 111, 129, 221.
Genoese, aid Michael IX, 41;
supposed to have instigated Turkish attack on Rhodes, 44;
help Osmanlis, 97-8, 100, 107, 165;
fight with Venetians for Tenedos, 152-5;
make treaty with Byzantines in 1386, 162;
make treaty with Osmanlis in 1385, and join league against them in 1386, 163;
fail to aid Nicopolis crusade, 207;
under protection of France, 236;
encourage Timur to attack Bayezid, 249;
help Ottoman army to cross to Europe after Angora, 261;
wars with Venetians, 96-7, 152-5, 262;
at Kaffa, 294.
Ghazan Khan, 26, 36-7.
Grand vizier, origin of office,