[137] Pausanias (ix. 38) says of this Treasury: "The Treasury of Minyas is the most wonderful edifice in Greece, and is second to no work of art abroad; it is built in the following manner: it consists of stone and has a circular form; the summit is not very pointed; it is said that the topmost stone holds together the whole building."
[138] 'A Classical and Topographical Tour through Greece.'
[139] Paus. VI. 19, 1; X. 11, 1.
[140] II. 16, 6. See the passage fully quoted in the next chapter, p. 59.
[141] The reader is warned not to confound this with Veli Pasha's attempt to rifle the other Treasury, mentioned on p. 42.
[142] Horace, Epod. V. 86.
[143] From αἴξ (root αἰγ), a goat.
[144] Il. II. 101.
[145] Homer, Od. III. 263-275.
[146] Od. IV. 524-535; compare I. 35; III. 234; IV. 91; IX. 387; XXIV. 20, 97.
[147] Od. I. 36.
[148] Od. III. 305-310.
[149] Welcker, Gr. Trag. I. s. 358.
[150] Il. IX. 149-154.
[151] Il. II. 569.
[152] XIII. p. 582.
[153] III. 3, 6.
[154] Paus. III. 11, 10.
[155] IX. p. 401.
[156] VIII. 5, 1.
[157] I. 12.
[158] VIII. p. 372.
[159] Herod. VII. 202.
[160] Herod. IX. 28.
[161] Paus. VII. 25, 6.
[162] XI. 65.
[163] Il. II. 569: ἐϋκτίμενον πτολίεθρον.
[164] Il. IV. 52: ἐρυάγυια Μυκήνη.
[165] Il. VII. 180: Od. III. 305: πολυχρύσοιο Μυκήνης.
[166] I. 9.
[167] VIII. p. 373.
[168] Il. II. 561.
[169] II. 16, 6.
[170] VIII. p. 368.
[171] II. 16, 6: Λείπεται δὲ ὅμως ἔτι καὶ ἄλλα τοῦ περιβόλου καὶ ἡ πύλη, λέοντες δὲ ἐφεστήκασιν αὐτῇ: Κυκλώπων δὲ καὶ ταῦτα ἔργα εἶναι λέγουσιν, οἳ Προίτῳ τὸ τεῖχος ἐποίησαν ἐν Τίρυνθι. Μυκηνῶν δὲ ἐν τοῖς ἐρειπίοις κρήνη τέ ἐστι καλουμένη Περσεία καὶ Ἀτρέως καὶ τῶν παίδων ὑπόγαια οἰκοδομήματα, ἔνθα οἱ θησαυροί σφισι τῶν χρημάτων ἦσαν. τάφος δὲ ἔστι μὲν Ἀτρέως: εἰσὶ δὲ καὶ ὅσους σὺν Ἀγαμέμνονι ἐπανήκοντας ἐξ Ἰλίου δειπνίσας κατεφόνευσεν Αἴγισθος. Τοῦ μὲν δὴ Κασσάνδρας μνήματος ἀμφισβητοῦσι Λακεδαιμονίων οἱ περὶ Ἀμύκλας οἰκοῦντες: ἕτερον δέ ἐστιν Ἀγαμέμνονος, τὸ δὲ Εὐρυμέδοντος τοῦ ἡνιόχου, καὶ Τελεδάμου τὸ αὐτὸ καὶ Πέλοπος, τούτους γὰρ τεκεῖν διδύμους Κασσάνδραν φασί, νηπίους δὲ ἔτι ὄντας ἐπικατέσφαξε τοῖς γονεῦσιν Αἴγισθος, καὶ Ἠλέκτρας: Πυλάδῃ γὰρ συνῴκησεν Ὀρέστου δόντος. Ἑλλάνικος δὲ καὶ τάδε ἔγραψε, Μέδοντα καὶ Στρόφιον γενέσθαι Πυλάδῃ παῖδας ἐξ Ἠλέκτρας. Κλυταιμνήστρα δὲ ἐτάφη καὶ Αἴγισθος ὀλίγον ἀπωτέρω τοῦ τείχους: ἐντὸς δὲ ἀπηξιώθησαν, ἔνθα Ἀγαμέμνων τε αὐτὸς ἔκειτο καὶ οἱ σὺν ἐκείνῳ φονευθέντες.
[172] II. 17.
[173] 'Peloponnesiaca,' vol. ii. p. 365.
[174] 'A Classical and Topographical Tour through Greece,' vol. ii. p. 236.
[175] 'Denkwürdigkeiten und Erinnerungen,' vol. ii. p. 276.
[176] 'Peloponnes,' vol. ii. pp. 411-413.
[177] XI. 65: καὶ διέμεινεν ἀοίκητος μέχρι τῶν καθ᾽ ἡμᾶς χρόνων.
[178] Strabo, VIII. p. 372: ὥστε νῦν μήδ᾽ ἴχνος εὑρίσκεσθαι τῆς Μυκηναίων πόλεως.
[179] In the engraving, No. 25, the spout is partly hidden by one of the handles.
[180] See the Plates of Mycenean Pottery, Nos. 30-78. A Vase (No. 23a) is placed, for the sake of convenience, as a tail-piece to Chapter II. p. 51.
[181] See 'Troy and its Remains,' chap. vi. pp. 103-4.
[182] See Nos. 31, 35, 41, 46, 50 and 52.
[183] See Nos. 31, 35, 50, and 52.
[184] See Nos. 41 and 48.
[185] See Nos. 33, 40, 42, 45.
[186] See Nos. 30, 43, 44.
[187] See the coloured and plain Plates of Idols; the latter containing the figures Nos. 90-110.
[188] See also the coloured Plate C, fig. m.
[189] See also the coloured Plate C, fig. l.
[190] They are like those figured under Nos. 137, 139, p. 79, and No. 165, p. 109.
[191] Il. XVIII. 558-560:—
[192] Od. XIV. 76-77:—
[193] See my 'Ithaque, le Péloponnèse, Troie.'
[194] See the Vignette to this Chapter, No. 24, p. 52.
[195] As we never hear of heroic chariots with one horse, this may be an imperfect representation of two. The same remark applies to the next tombstone. See p. 86.
[196] XXIV. 190 and 267. Homer also uses πείρινθα (the word only occurs in the accusative) for the wicker-basket which held the load fastened on to a cart (ἅμαξα); and this, its original sense, may be a guide to its form in the chariot also (comp. Od. xv. 131).
[197] Il. V. 727-728:—
[198] My friend, Mr. W. S. W. Vaux, calls my attention to the fact that this four-spoked chariot wheel, seen also in the cut No. 120 (p. 74) and on the Mycenean intaglios hereinafter described, is characteristic of the earliest Greek coins. The early Egyptian and Ethiopian and Assyrian wheels have six spokes. The Persian Achæmenid sculptures show chariots with eight-spoked wheels.
[199] The Greek drachma is worth about 8½d. English.
[200] This most curious enclosure will be more fully described, and the important question of its use discussed, in the following Chapter.
[202] See 'Troy and its Remains,' p. 36, fig. 30.
[203] The frieze, No. 153, is described, and its broad face shown on p. 140, No. 216; the fragment No. 154 is described on p. 121.
[204] See 'Troy and its Remains,' Plates xxvii-xxxi.
[205] See supplementary volume to Stuart's 'Athens.'
[206] See No. 94.
[207] See No. 106.
[208] See No. 100.
[209] See No. 101.
[210] See Nos. 90-93.
[211] See Nos. 159, 160, and the coloured Plate D, figs. n, o, p.
[212] See 'Troy and its Remains,' p. 294.
[213] I call particular attention to the Egyptian sepulchral paintings published by Mr. G. A. Hoskins in his 'Travels in Ethiopia and Upper Egypt,' where we see among the offerings some vases from which similar heads look out.
[218] Ibid.
[219] Also engraved under No. 120. I here again call particular attention to the fact, that the depth in which each object has been found is always marked in metres below each object in the engravings.
[220] See the Coloured Plate B, fig. g.
[222] See 'Troy and its Remains,' p. 158.
[223] Hist. Animal. IX. 40.
[224] See Od. III. 41, 46, 50 and 63, and XXII. 9, 10, 86.
[225] Δειπνοσοφισταί, 783.
[227] See the Frontispiece, Plate V.
[228] See Plan E, which shows the Plan and Sections of this Treasury.
[229] See the examples grouped on the two Plates, Nos. 192-204.
[230] See No. 154, p. 98.
[231] See the Plan of the Lions' Gate, No. 22, p. 34. Comp. 'Troy and its Remains,' pp. 303, 321.
[232] Chapter IV. p. 99.
[233] See Plates VI. and VII.
[234] See Plan C and Plates VI., VII.
[235] See the cut No. 190a, p. 117.
[236] The Dithyramb was an ancient Bacchanalian performance, as early at least as Archilochus, who says "he knows how to lead off the dithyramb, the beautiful song of Dionysus, when his mind is inflamed with wine" (Frag. ap. Athen. XIV. p. 628). It seems to have been a hymn sung by one or more members of a κῶμος, or irregular band of revellers, to the music of the flute. Arion, at Corinth, first gave a regular choral or antistrophic form to the dithyramb (Herodot. I. 24; Pindar, Olymp. XIII. 18-25). The choruses, which ordinarily consisted of fifty men or youths, danced in a ring round the altar of Dionysus. Hence they were termed cyclic choruses (κίκλιοι χοροί), and dithyrambic poets were understood by the term κυκλιοδιδάσκαλοι.
[237] Il. I. 58, 68, 101; II. 53, 96, 99.
[238] Oed. Tyr. 161: ῎Αρτεμιν ἃ κυκλόεντ' ἀγορᾶς θρόνον εὐκλέα θάσσει.
[239] This rock has now partially fallen, in consequence of the excavation of the third and fourth tombs, which it overhangs.
[240] Orest. 919.
[241] See Appendix A.
[242] Thucyd. III. 74: τὰς οἰκίας τὰς ἐν κύκλω τῆς ἀγορᾶς.
[243] Paus. I. 43, § 4: βουλεντήριον ἐνταῦθα ᾠκυδόμησαν, ἵνα σφίσιν ὁ ταφος των ἡρώων ἐντὸς τοῦ βουλεντηρίου γένηται.
[244] Paus. I. 43, § 8: Κοροίβῳ δί ἐστι τάφος ἐν τῇ Μεγαρέων ἀγορᾷ.
[245] Paus. II. 15, § 4: ἐνταῦθά ἐστι μὶν ᾽Οφέλτου τάφος περὶ δὲ αὐτὸν θρίγκος λίθων, καὶ ἐντὸς του περιβίλου βωμοί· ἔστι δὶ χῶμα γῆς Λυκούργου μνῆμα τοῦ ᾽Οφόλτου πατρός.
[246] Paus. II. 15, § 2; Apollod. I. 9, § 14; III. 6, § 4; Hyg. Fab. 74; Stat. Theb. V. 296.
[247] Translation of the Odes of Pindar by F. A. Paley, M.A.
[248] Paus. V. 8, § 3; VIII. 26, § 2; Strabo, VIII. 355.
[249] See the coloured Plate C, fig. k.
[250] See No. 115.
[251] See No. 107.
[254] Iliad, XVIII. 478-608.
[255] Od. XIX. 224-231.
[256] Il. XI. 632-635.
[258] See Appendix B, for an ingenious suggestion as to the nature of these objects.
[259] Literally, 'a spear casting a very long shadow.'
[260] See for example, Il. XVII. 297:—
[261] Il. III. 361-362:—
"Drawing his silver-studded sword and lifting up his arm, Atreides struck the φάλος off the helmet."
[262] The following passage of the Iliad, XIX. 379-383, can leave no doubt on this point:—
"So shone up to the sky the glance of the beautiful artistic shield of Achilles. Lifting then up the powerful helmet, he put it on his head, and the plumed helmet glanced like a star, and the hairs of gold waved, which Hephæstus had thickly set round the cone (λόφον)."
See the description of these parts of the Homeric helmets in 'Troy and its Remains,' pp. 279-281, and 334.
[263] For example, Il. I. 450:—
[264] See Vignette to Chapter VI.
[265] Il. X. 257-259.
[267] See 'Atlas des Antiquités Troyennes', Pl. 98, No. 2073.
[271] See 'Troy and its Remains,' pp. 103-106.