INDEX.
- Able-bodied disorderly persons and vagrants to be compelled to provide their own subsistence by strict workhouse discipline, 182.
- Absconding from a workhouse, punishment for, 227.
- Abuses of out-door relief, impossibilities of avoiding, 204.
- Accounts, new order of issued in 1853, 398.
- Acre, amount per, paid by farmer in relieving mendicancy, 192.
- Act of 1 and 2 Vict., cap. 56, 222 et seq.
- ——- make further provision for the relief of the destitute poor in Ireland, 330.
- ——- to make provision for the punishment of vagrants, &c., 332.
- ——- to provide for the execution of the laws for relief of the poor in Ireland, 333.
- ——- for a rate-in-aid, summary of, 355, 356.
- ——- to amend the previous acts for the relief of the poor in Ireland, summary of, 367-9.
- ——- for a further advance of public money for distressed unions, summary of, 374, 375.
- ——- for the regulation of medical charities, summary of, 382, 383.
- Actions under the Irish Poor-Law Act, preliminary notice of to be given, 231;
- to recover poor-rates, regulations as to, 368.
- Adoption by government of the author’s first Report in December 1836, 188.
- Agents empowered to sign notices of appeal, 369.
- Agricultural labourers in Great Britain and Ireland, comparative proportions of, 131.
- Agriculture, recommendation to encourage by legislative grants, 88;
- efforts of the Poor-Law Board to improve, 269.
- Almsgiving, desirableness of bringing under a system, 149;
- prevalence of in Ireland, 182;
- discontinuance of anticipated, 183.
- Alms, spontaneous, amounts bestowed by small farmers and cottars, 149.
- Amended orders for the election of guardians, 302.
- Amendment of the new poor-law, act for, 291.
- Amount, total, contributed by England in 1847-8-9, for the relief of Ireland, 356.
- Amsterdam, account of the workhouse in, 212.
- Amusements, love of, and reckless pursuit of by the Irish peasantry, 163.
- Anglo-Saxons taught by Irish missionaries, 2.
- Annuities under the Consolidated Debts Act, arrangements for paying, 380;
- partial remission of, 381.
- Apathy of the Irish peasantry, 162;
- poverty not a real excuse for, ibid.
- Appeals, how and before whom to be brought, 231, 233.
- Apprenticeship of poor children recommended for Ireland, 183, 184.
- Architect engaged to erect workhouses, 243.
- Ardent spirits, recommendations of the Commissioners of Inquiry for lessening the inordinate use of, 146.
- Assessment, instructions to the assistant commissioners relating to, 240.
- Assistant barristers allowed to correct clerical errors in actions for the recovery of poor-rates, 369.
- Assistant commissioners, in 1833, appointment of and instructions for, 121;
- enactment for the appointment of, 223;
- duties of, ibid.;
- exertions of, 241;
- additional provided, 246;
- reports of, 247;
- appointment of additional, 338.
- Assistant guardians may be appointed by the commissioners at the request of the guardians, 368.
- Asylums for lunatics and idiots, the erection of in each of the four provinces recommended, 83.
- Audit of accounts, and half-yearly reports of, infirmaries and hospitals recommended, 101;
- Auditing of poor-law accounts, 222.
- Auditors, enactment for the appointment of, 230;
- appointment of four, 298;
- regulations as to, 332.
- Author’s first Report, Nov. 1836, 159;
- second Report, Nov. 1837, 196;
- third Report, 212;
- second visit to Ireland in 1837, 195;
- departure for Ireland as chief commissioner, 234;
- departure from Ireland in 1842, 284;
- visit to Ireland in 1853, 398.
- Auxiliary workhouses, hired buildings ill adapted for, 379.
- Average cost per head of paupers in the workhouses, 301;
- of maintenance of the poor in workhouses, 396;
- rate per head paid for the relief of the poor by the population of England, Scotland, and Ireland, 403.
- Badging the poor, act for, 51.
- Ballinasloe union agricultural society, notice of, 269.
- Barracks to be converted into workhouses, if suitable, 237, 239.
- Bastardy, recommendation that no law should be enacted for Ireland, 183.
- Bay and coast fisheries in Ireland, facilities for, 89.
- Beadles and constables authorized to seize beggars and vagabonds in Cork, and commit them to the workhouse, 43.
- Becket’s murder, notice of, 4.
- Bedford Level Corporation, a board on the principle of recommended, to carry into effect a system of national improvement in Ireland, 137.
- Beggars, act for the punishment of, 22.
- Beggar’s curse, superstitious dread of the Irish peasantry of, 206.
- Begging, not to be prohibited, where persons have asked for, and failed in procuring, relief, 193.
- Belfast, assistant-commissioners sent to, 234, 236.
- Belgium, visit of the author to, 211 et seq.;
- report of the management of the poor in, 213.
- Bicheno, Mr., remarks of upon the evidence submitted by the Inquiry Commissioners, 151.
- Bill, directions for the preparation of, embodying the measures proposed in the author’s first Report, 188;
- introduced to parliament in Feb. 1837, 189;
- discussion on the first reading of, 194;
- second reading of, and proceedings in committee on, 194, 195;
- dropped in consequence of the death of William IV., 195;
- of the Irish Poor Law of 1837-8 introduced to the house of commons by Lord John Russell, 210;
- passing of, 211;
- introduced into the house of lords, 211;
- for the relief of the Irish poor read a first time in the house of lords, 217;
- a second time, 218;
- division upon in committee, 220;
- read a third time and passed, 221.
- Board of Charitable Bequests, recommendation to transfer the functions of to the Poor Law Commissioners, 146.
- ——- of Education, recommendation for the appointment of, 111.
- ——- of Improvement, proposed duties of, 138.
- —— of Works, proposed duties of, 138, 139.
- —— of Works, efforts of to supply employment to the poor during the distress in 1846, 314;
- numbers employed under, 315, 316.
- Boards of guardians, enactment for the appointment of, 223;
- enactment constituting them corporations, 224;
- enactment giving the commissioners power to dissolve, 332;
- thirty-two dissolved in 1847, 341;
- five in 1849, 360.
- Bogs, Irish, act for reclaiming, 75.
- Boundaries of unions, where changed, the commissioners to adjust the liabilities, 368.
- Boundary commission, appointment of to regulate the size of unions, 361;
- recommendation of, to form fifty new unions, 362.
- Boyne, the battle of, 10.
- Bread and cheese, contrast of the English labourer’s meal of, with the Irish labourer’s potato-bowl, 62.
- Britain, strangers from, resort to the Irish schools, 2.
- British Association, amount collected by to relieve the distress in Ireland occasioned by the potato disease, 321;
- number of persons relieved by in 1848, 346.
- —— capitalists, inquiry into the circumstances which have prevented their investing in Irish agriculture, 123.
- Building of workhouses, means taken to secure a fair payment for, 254;
- inspection of by the chief commissioner, 260.
- Buildings and repairs of tenements, consequences of throwing the expense on the tenants, 89.
- Bureau de Bienfaisance, notice of, 216.
- Burgesses, recommendation of Spenser that they should be nominated, 9.
- Burke, quotation from, 139.
- ‘Burning corn in the straw,’ act against, 32;
- Cabinet, the author’s report on the state of the north of Ireland in 1837, considered by, 209.
- Cabins, wretched construction of, in Ireland, 62, 64.
- Caledonian Canal, beneficial effects of employing Highland labourers on, cited, 107.
- Capital, amount of, sunk upon the land in England, 60;
- causes of the scarcity of, in Ireland, 88;
- inducements required for the investment of, 208.
- Carrick-on-Shannon, death of a poor man in the union of, from having been refused relief, 296, 297.
- Castlereagh union, board of guardians dissolved by the commissioners, 305.
- Cattle, improvident care of, 32;
- reared in Donegal to pay the rent, 201.
- Cemeteries, guardians empowered to provide, 332.
- Census of Ireland in 1851, decrease of population shown by, 386, 387.
- Central authority, necessity for, in administering the poor-laws, 176.
- Certificates to be given servants on leaving their employment, 41.
- Certiorari, actions under the Irish Poor Law Act not removable by, except into the Court of Queen’s Bench, Dublin, 231, 233.
- Chapels for workhouses, guardians empowered to provide, 332.
- Character and habits of Irish poor in English poorhouses, 158.
- Charitable institutions, establishment of, 13;
- recommendation to allow them to subsist as they are, 185.
- Charity, private, tendency of, to encourage mendicancy, 140.
- Charles the First, the Roman catholics of Ireland adhere to his cause, 10.
- Chief commissioner of the Irish Poor Law Board, enactment for the appointment of, in 1847, 333.
- Children, punishment for the desertion of, 30;
- required age of, for admission into the Dublin Foundling Hospital, 85, 86;
- indiscriminate admission of, 85 note;
- enactment making them chargeable, if able, for the support of their parents, 227;
- number of, in the Dublin Foundling Hospital, 249;
- amount expended in feeding, 388;
- number of, in the workhouses in 1851, 390.
- Cholera, appearance of, in 1849, 350.
- Cholesbury, the case of, cited, 136.
- Christian monasteries, state of, in Ireland at an early period, 2.
- Church collections for the relief of distress, 106.
- —— holidays, meat eaten by the poor only on, 132.
- Churchwardens to remove from their parish, or to confine in bridewell, wandering beggars and vagabonds, 86.
- Cities, towns, &c., of 10,000 inhabitants may be divided into wards for the purpose of electing guardians, 233.
- Clare, distressed state of, 365;
- Clergy of various persuasions to furnish religious instruction to the children of their own faith, 112;
- favourable to a system of poor-laws, 167.
- Clergymen to preach sermons for the support of houses of industry, 55;
- of whatever denomination not to be poor-law guardians, 175.
- Clerks of workhouses to keep register books, 226.
- Clothes of vagabond beggars to be washed and cleansed, 86.
- Clothing of the labourers in Ireland, inferiority of, in Ireland, 63.
- Coals imported into Cork, a duty imposed on, in 1735, for the support of the workhouse, 43.
- Cod-fishery, facilities for, on the coasts of Ireland, 89;
- success of the encouragement of in Scotland, ibid., 90.
- Corn, clamourings for a prohibition of the export of, in 1855, 17.
- Collection of rates, no difficulty found in the, 277.
- Colonization by Irish labourers, recommended to be undertaken by government in 1830, 107.
- Comforts and conveniences, the providing of, not the proper object of a poor-law, 203.
- Commission appointed in 1833 to inquire into the condition of the poorer classes in Ireland, 118;
- first Report of, in 1835, ibid. et seq.;
- heads of inquiry adopted, 119;
- second Report of, in 1836, 125 et seq.;
- third Report of, in 1836, 131 et seq.
- Commissioners to inquire into the nature and extent of Irish bogs, appointment of, 75;
- —-—-— of 1833, names of, 118.
- —-—-— of Inquiry, differences of opinion among, as to the nature of their Report, 129.
- —-—-— to appoint guardians if not duly elected, 224.
- —-—-— empowered to levy a rate-in-aid for the relief of distressed unions, 356.
- —-—-— of valuation, commissioners empowered to appoint one, 393.
- Commissions for the Poor Laws, difficulty of union of purpose if separate are appointed for England and Ireland, 188.
- Committee of the house of commons on the poor in Ireland, Report of, 82 et seq.
- Compulsory and voluntary relief, agitation of the question as to the advantages and disadvantages of, 129.
- —— rates, enormous amount asserted to be necessary for relieving all cases of distress, 149.
- Con-acre, use to be derived from, in diminishing the number of small holdings, 166.
- Condition of the poor, variations of in different parts of Ireland, 97.
- Confinement more irksome to an Irishman than an Englishman, 171.
- Connaught, the province of, probably an ecclesiastical formation, 3;
- unions, satisfactory state of, in 1851, 378;
- and Munster, state of, in 1851, 390.
- Consolidation of farms, good and evil effects of, 97;
- of small holdings in Donegal, desirableness of, 202;
- new Poor Law likely to assist in effecting, ibid.
- Constables to be appointed presidents of every town within the English pale, by an Act in 1465, 16;
- to make privy search for rogues, vagabonds, and idle persons, 29.
- Contracts made by guardians not valid unless conformable to the rules, 230.
- Contributions called voluntary frequently a real and unequal tax, 147.
- Convicted persons, of felony fraud or perjury, ineligible for guardians, 293.
- Cooked-food system of relief, adoption of, 318;
- number of persons fed under, ibid.;
- expense incurred under, 319.
- Cork, surrendered to Cromwell, 10;
- act for erecting a workhouse in, 42;
- regulations for the government of, 43;
- exempted from the provisions of the act for providing for deserted children, 81;
- assistant-commissioners sent to, 234, 236;
- union, establishment of, 251;
- progress of, 262;
- workhouse, inconvenient state of, in 1841, 262.
- Corn-laws, alteration of, 311.
- Corporate bodies, boards of guardians constituted, 224.
- —— to vote for guardians by their officers, 230.
- Corporations in Ireland, act for the establishment of, 52;
- Correspondence of assistant-commissioners with the Dublin board, 241.
- Cosherers, act against, 34.
- Cost of relief, increase of in 1847, 329;
- of subsistence in 1851, 391;
- in 1853, 397.
- Cottages in Donegal, miserable appearance of, 201.
- Cottier-tenants, deterioration of the soil by, 160.
- Cottiers, Irish, extreme charity towards mendicants, 206;
- Counties made answerable for robberies, 39.
- County-cess collectors may be appointed to collect the poor-rates, 228.
- County hospitals, act for the establishment of, 74.
- —— infirmaries, number of, number of patients in, and incomes of, in 1830, 101.
- —— magistrates to be ex-officio guardians, but not to exceed in number one-third of the number of elected guardians, 174.
- Coynie and liveries, grievances occasioned by, 23.
- Cromwell, conquest of Ireland by, 10.
- Crops, deficiency of, in Ireland, in 1839, 257.
- Cultivated land in Great Britain and Ireland, comparative quantities and produce of, 131.
- Cultivation of land, extension of needed in Donegal, 201.
- Cumulative voting, answer to the objections against, 207.
- Customs, barbarous, existing in Ireland in 1634-5, 33.
- Dancing, universality of among the labouring poor in Ireland, 64.
- Danes, irruptions of, into Ireland, 3.
- Day-labourers, no employment for, in Ireland, 161.
- Deaf dumb and blind poor, recommendation of a provision for, 128;
- to be sent to institutions, and their maintenance to be paid for by guardians, 292.
- Deceased poor, boards of guardians enabled to provide for the burial of, 354.
- Demoralization of the poor, fallacious objection that a system of poor-laws would occasion, 163.
- Depôts for emigrants, the establishment of recommended, 137.
- —— de mendicité, in Holland and Belgium, defects of, 213.
- —— for meal, determination not to establish government, in 1846, 313.
- Dermod, king of Leinster, expelled by O'Connor, king of Connaught, seeks the assistance of Henry the Second of England, 3.
- Deserted children, provision for, 49;
- act for providing for, 81.
- Deserving poor allowed to beg, 56.
- Destitute persons, means of emigration to be provided for, 143;
- a legal provision for, an indispensable preliminary to the suppression of mendicancy, 167;
- danger of their flocking to one union in case of there being no law of settlement, how to be obviated, 181;
- Irish in England, strong disinclination of to the restrictions of a workhouse, 196, 197;
- poor, work to be provided for in workhouses, 225.
- Destitution, inquiry as to why the Irish labouring poor do not provide against, 122;
- the workhouse the all-sufficient test of, 152.
- Deterioration and misery of a too-rapidly increasing population, 90.
- Dietaries, workhouse, order for, 252.
- Difficulties in deciding upon objects for out-door relief, 204.
- Distress, unexampled, of the Irish labouring poor in 1822, 91;
- parliamentary grants in aid of, ibid.;
- amount of subscriptions to alleviate, 92;
- government advances to be made to relieve in 1822, 80;
- again occurs in Ireland owing to a failure of crops in 1839 and 1842, 256, 285;
- amount of government relief afforded, ibid., note:f114#;
- and again most severely in 1846 to 1849, 307 to 360.
- Distressed unions, number of assisted, 360;
- further advance to in 1853, 396.
- Divisions on the Irish Poor Law bill in the house of commons, 210;
- in the house of lords, 220.
- Divisional chargeability, dissatisfaction with, 297.
- Diocesses of Ireland, a free school to be established in each of the, 25.
- Discussion on the first reading of the Irish Poor Law bill in 1837, 194.
- Dispensaries, local, act for the establishment of, 74;
- number of in 1830, and number of patients relieved by, 103;
- number of in 1836, 126.
- Dispensary districts, enactment for dividing unions into, 383.
- Donegal, peculiar condition of the county of, 200.
- Doyle, Dr., evidence of on the condition of the poor in Ireland, 98, 100, 106.
- Draining of bogs and marshes recommended as a means of providing employment for the labouring poor, 88, 89.
- Drogheda stormed by Cromwell, 10.
- Drunkenness or disobedience in a workhouse, punishment for, 227.
- Dublin, assistant-commissioner stationed at, 234.
- Dublin Foundling Hospital, account of, 85;
- objects of, ibid.;
- means of support of, ibid.;
- parliamentary grants to, 86;
- number of admissions of children to, ibid.;
- state of in 1839, 248;
- formed into a workhouse, 250.
- —— House of Industry, account of, 83;
- means of support of, 84;
- sums raised for, ibid.;
- management of, ibid.;
- number of admissions to, 85;
- state of in 1839, 247, 248;
- formed into a workhouse, 250.
- —— Mendicity Society, difficulty of supporting, 165;
- application of the officers of, for compensation, 253;
- closing of, 261.
- —— Society, grant of money to, 73.
- —— workhouse, act for erecting in 1703, 35;
- regulations for the government of, 36;
- rate to be levied for the support of, 37;
- merged in the Foundling Hospital, 38;
- workhouses, establishment of, 250;
- progress of, 261.
- —— unions, examples afforded by, of the efficacy of the workhouse test, 343;
- numbers relieved in, ibid.
- Dunmanway union, separate rating of electoral divisions abolished in, 305.
- Dwellings, overcrowding of, productive of fevers, 78.
- Earth-tillers, act of Henry VIII. for the protection of, 20.
- Ebrington, Lord (now Earl Fortescue), exertions of, in favour of the establishment of the new Poor Law, 250.
- Ecclesiastical promotion, directions for regulating, 21.
- Education adopted as a means of extending the Reformation, 25;
- effects of, 26;
- of the poor in Ireland, generality of, 63;
- the necessity of not interfering with religious belief in, pointed out, 110;
- of workhouse children, arrangements for, 264;
- nature of, 391.
- Egyptians, or feigned Egyptians, to be punished as vagabonds, 30.
- Eighth Report of proceedings in 1846 under the New Poor Law Act in Ireland, 303.
- Election districts for guardians, power of the Poor Law Commissioners to form, 175.
- Election of guardians, the first proceedings under the new Poor Law Act, 242;
- Electoral divisions, difficulties arising from having adopted, 288;
- number of in 1846, 304;
- two or more may be combined for the election of a guardian, 368;
- increase in the number of, 373, 384.
- Electors of guardians, who ought to be, 173.
- Elizabeth, assimilation by of the ecclesiastical establishments in Ireland to those of England, 4.
- Emigration, notice of, 65;
- recommended as a means of alleviating the state of the poor in Ireland, 100;
- recommendation of as a government measure in 1830, 106;
- recommended by the Commissioners of Inquiry as a means of relieving the distress in Ireland, 136;
- direct interposition in favour of, not recommended, 185;
- probability of its weakening the parent stock, 186;
- if necessary, to be promoted by the equal contributions of government and the district relieved, 186;
- rates for, how to be raised, 226;
- view of the Irish Poor Law Commission as to, 255;
- defects in the Irish Poor Relief Act for providing means for, 275;
- want of funds for promoting, 287;
- amount of, in 1846-7, 327, 328;
- enactment giving guardians the power to assist, 331;
- amount expended by unions in 1849 for promoting, 370;
- numbers assisted in 1850, 373;
- total amount of from 1847 to 1850, 386;
- in 1851 and 1852, ibid.;
- amount expended on in 1855, 403, note.
- Emigrants from Ireland to Canada in 1846-7, sickness and expense caused by, 327, note;
- Employment, want of by the labouring poor, a cause of disease, 87;
- act for providing, 80;
- of pauper idiots in a workhouse recommended, 184;
- increase of, beyond the duties of a poor-law, 185;
- in workhouses, the nature of, 274.
- England and Ireland, difference between as to provision for the poor, 13.
- English adventurers in Ireland, conduct of, 4.
- —— Poor Law Commission recommended to carry into effect a new Poor Law for Ireland, 187, 188.
- —— and Scottish provisions against vagrancy, similarity of the Irish legislation to, 56.
- —— Poor Law, asserted unfitness of for Ireland, 133.
- Escapes from houses of correction, to be followed by a fine on the governor, 29.
- Evidence presented with the second Report of the Commissioners of Inquiry, value of, 124.
- Excess of population in Donegal, 201.
- Expenditure, probable amount of under a poor-law, would not exceed what is now given in mischievous alms, 164;
- for relief in 1841, 276;
- in 1842, 283;
- total, for the relief of the distress occasioned by the potato disease in Ireland, 320.
- Ex-officio guardians, reasons for having, 208;
- to be elected in cases of vacancies, 293;
- extension of, but not to exceed the number of elected guardians, 331;
- guardians, non-resident justices may be appointed where a sufficient number are not resident, 368.
- Expense, probable, of maintaining the Irish poor on the English poor-law system, 134.
- —— of emigration, where necessary to be borne equally by the government and the district relieved, 186.
- Expenses of the Cork and Dublin workhouses in 1840, 263.
- Falsehood and fraud, parts of the profession of mendicancy, 161.
- Families, punishment for the desertion of, 30;
- to be relieved as a whole, and not separately, 177.
- Famine, annual occurrence of between the exhaustion of the old crop of potatoes and the ripening of the new, 166;
- cessation of in Ireland in 1847, 318.
- Farming societies of Ireland, grant of money to, 73.
- Farms, large, small number of, 160.
- Fathers made answerable penally for the offences of their sons by an act in 1457, 15.
- Fatherless poor children under eight years old, to be sent to the charter school nursery and to be apprenticed, 54.
- Female foundlings, instructions for, 45.
- Fermoy barrack, taken for a workhouse, 244, note.
- Fertility of Ireland and England, causes of difference in, 60.
- Fetters gyves and whipping, punishments for rogues and vagabonds, 28.
- Fever, dangerous prevalence of in Ireland, 86;
- number of patients passing through the Dublin Fever Hospital in one year, 102;
- numbers suffering from and dying of in 1817, 102;
- act for making provision for persons afflicted with, 319.
- —— hospitals, act for providing and for the support of, 77;
- number of in 1836, 126;
- dispensaries, &c., commissioners to report on the management of, 226.
- Fever patients, numbers of, in 1847, 339.
- —— wards in workhouses, number of provided in 1846, 306.
- Fevers in Ireland, increase of, 77.
- Fifth Report of Proceedings in Ireland under the new Poor Law Act, 282.
- Fifth Annual Report of the Poor Law Commissioners for Ireland, 378 et seq.
- Finances of unions, depressed state of in 1847, 339, 340;
- First Report of Proceedings in Ireland under the New Poor Law Act, 242.
- First Report of Medical Charity Commissioners, 384.
- First Report of the Irish Poor Commissioners, 1848, 330 et seq.
- Fiscal boards, proposed establishment of in each county, 139.
- Fisheries, recommendation to encourage by legislative grants, 88;
- utility of as a nursery for seamen, 89.
- Flax, grown, prepared, and spun by the small farmers in the north of Ireland, 63.
- Flax and hemp, bogs to be reclaimed for the purpose of growing, for the use of the navy, and for the support of the linen manufacture, 75.
- Flitting, practice of, to defraud the revenue and the landlords, 33.
- Food of Belgian peasantry, 215.
- Forfeitures, costs, &c., to be levied by distress if not paid, 231.
- Form of valuation, difficulties arising from, 289.
- Fortune-tellers to be punished as vagabonds, 30.
- Foundling hospital and workhouse in Dublin, act for the establishment of in 1771-2, 46;
- endowment of and regulations for the government of, ibid.;
- regulations for the admission of children into, 47;
- increased rate for, 49;
- to receive deserted children, 81;
- charge for in 1833, 128.
- Foundling hospitals on the continent, notice of, 45.
- —-—-—, enactment for appropriating as workhouses, 225.
- —-—-— of Cork and Galway, expenses of in 1833, 128;
- number of children in, ibid.
- Foundlings, provision for the care of, 44;
- male, to be apprenticed, and to have the freedom of the city on the expiration of their apprenticeship, ibid.
- Fourth Report in 1842 of Proceedings under the new Poor Law in Ireland, 270.
- Fourth Annual Report of the Poor Law Commissioners for Ireland, 371.
- France, the workhouse test principle not adopted in, 197.
- Free distribution of labour, impediments offered by a law of settlement to, 202.
- Free-schools, act for the erection of, 24;
- expenses of, how to be defrayed, 25.
- French wars prevent the attention of the English to Ireland, 4;
- agents lead to the rebellion in 1798, 11;
- troops landed in Ireland in 1798, surrender of, 67.
- Funds, founded on voluntary contribution, advantages of for the relief of distress, 149;
- difficulty of supplying to afford means of emigrating, 287.
- Galway, effective fever hospital established in, 300.
- Gauls or Celtes, from Spain supposed to have peopled Ireland, 1.
- Geese, plucking the feathers from live, 32, note.
- General rules for management of workhouses, &c., to be issued by commissioners, 222.
- General Merchant Seamen’s Act, extended to workhouse boys in Ireland, 385.
- Gentlemen, idle, mode of living, oppressions occasioned thereby, and transportation made a punishment for, on the presentment of a grand jury, 34, 35.
- Germany, strangers from, resort to the Irish schools, 2.
- Ghent, manner of living of a small occupier near, 216.
- Goods and chattels to be liable to distress for poor-rate to whomsoever belonging, if found on the premises, 291.
- Governors to be appointed by the justices for houses of correction, 28.
- —— and guardians of Dublin workhouse, donors of 50l. to become, 37.
- —— of Cork and Dublin workhouses empowered to exchange children in order to prevent parents interfering with the protestant education of their children, 45.
- Government loans to be made to relieve the distress in Ireland in 1822, 80;
- for the erection of workhouses, mode of managing, 272;
- amount of, 273.
- —— interference with labour, though not generally advisable, recommended for Ireland, 95.
- —— supervision of schools supported wholly or partly at the public expense, necessity for, 111.
- —— relief afforded to the west of Ireland, during the distress in 1839, 256;
- afforded to alleviate the distress in 1842, 285, note.
- —— measures to alleviate the distress occasioned by the potato-disease, 307.
- Grain, act against the exportation of, 1472, 16;
- erroneous policy of, 16, 17;
- exportation of from Ireland during the distress of 1823, 92.
- —— crops, deficiency of in 1841, 281.
- Grand juries empowered to assess rates for erecting and supporting county hospitals and dispensaries, 74;
- to present sums for the support of fever hospitals, 78;
- and for lunatic asylums, 79.
- Grants to distressed unions, amount of in 1848, 347, 348.
- Gratuitous relief, an encouragement to pauperism and indolence, 93.
- Greek church, probability of the Irish church being derived from, 2.
- Guardians, boards of, recommended by the Commissioners of Inquiry, 141;
- who should be electors of, 173;
- clergymen of whatever description not to be chosen, 175;
- and paid officers of unions not to furnish supplies for the union under a penalty, 230;
- directions as to the number of and qualifications for, 238;
- number of elections contested and not contested, 267;
- may employ rates in apprehending or prosecuting offenders against the Poor Law Act, 292;
- or may employ the rates in assisting emigration, 293;
- warning of the commissioners to, against overcrowding the workhouses, 325;
- commissioners empowered to fix different amounts of qualification in different electoral divisions, 368.
- Habitations of the poor, wretched condition of, 132.
- Hackney coaches licensed for the support of Dublin workhouse, 37;
- licensed for the support of the Dublin Foundling Hospital, 48;
- number increased for, 49.
- Hair, act against the Irish fashion of wearing, 20.
- Hamburgh, the workhouse-test principle not adopted in, 197.
- ‘Handbook of Architecture,’ notices of, 2, note.
- Harbours, the formation of recommended, 95.
- Harrowing by the tail, practice of, 60.
- Harvest in Great Britain, Irish labourers seek employment at, 132;
- beneficial effects of a good, in 1847, 340.
- Hedge-schools, notice of, 63.
- Helpless children, act for the apprenticing of, 41;
- remedy for in cases of ill usage, 42.
- —— poor to be maintained, 56.
- Henry the Second, submission of Ireland to, in 1172, 1, 3.
- Henry the Seventh, exertions of to restore order in Ireland, 4.
- Henry the Eighth assumes the title of king of Ireland, 4.
- ‘History of the English Poor Laws,’ cited, 5, 21, 23, 31, 38, 42, 118, 241, 306, 327, 328.
- Holland, visit of the author to, 211 et seq.;
- report of the management of the poor in, 212.
- Holy Scriptures, objections of the Roman catholics to the indiscriminate reading by their children, 114.
- Hood, act against wearing the Irish, 20.
- Hospitals for the poor to be provided, 53;
- House of lords, bill for the relief of the Irish poor read a first time in, in 1838, 217;
- read a second time, 218;
- division in committee upon, 220;
- read a third time and passed, 221.
- Houses to be cleansed and purified, 78.
- —— of the peasant farmer in Belgium, contrast of with those of Ireland, 215.
- —— of correction to be built or provided in every county, 1634-5, 28.
- —— of industry to be provided, 53;
- imperfect provision of, 82;
- number of in 1830, 105;
- ineffectiveness of while combining the functions of hospitals and prisons, ibid.;
- number of and total income of, in 1833, 127;
- number of inmates in, ibid.;
- to be made available as workhouses, recommended, 186;
- enactment for using as workhouses, 225.
- Husbandmen and labourers, act in 1447 for preventing the sons of, from changing their profession, 15.
- Husbands, enactment for making them chargeable for the support of their wives and children, 227;
- deserting their wives and families, enactment for the punishment of with imprisonment, 333.
- Idiots and insane persons, wards not provided for, 83.
- Idle persons, to be brought to be justified in law, 23.
- Illegitimate children to be dependent on their mother, recommendation of, 183.
- Immigration of Irish poor into England, necessity occasioned by of improving their state in their own country, 153.
- Immigrants to England during 1846-7, expense and sickness caused by, 326, 327.
- Impatience of the public for the Report of the Commissioners of Inquiry, 124.
- Impediments to emigration, propriety of removing, 185.
- Implements, agricultural, rude nature of, 95.
- Impositions practised under the Temporary Relief Act, 345.
- Imprisonment a punishment for begging without a licence, 53.
- Improved circumstances of the country in 1851, 378.
- Incapacitated persons empowered to convey land, &c. for workhouses, 225.
- Incorporations, formation of to provide and maintain fever hospitals, 77.
- Incumbrances on estates of proprietors a cause of distress and want of employment, 94;
- on Irish landed property, great extent of, 145.
- Incumbrancers on Irish estates, recommendation that they should be rated for the support of the poor, 140.
- Indian corn, importation of to mitigate the distress occasioned by the potato disease, 307;
- reduction of the duty on, 308;
- prices of in 1847, 318, note.
- —— meal, daily amount supplied to each person, 346.
- Indirect means adopted for charging property for the relief of destitution, 51.
- Indolence of Irish peasantry, 162.
- Industrial schools, enactment enabling additional land to be provided for, 354.
- —— training of children in workhouses, nature of, 391.
- Industry, what branches of may be safely encouraged by legislative means, 88.
- Infants, poor, deserted by their parents, provision for, 49.
- Infectious fevers in Ireland, increase of, 77.
- Infirmaries and hospitals, act for the management of, 74;
- required to make annual returns, 75.
- —— number of, in 1836, government grants to, and constitution of, 125.
- Inmates of workhouses, not to be compelled to attend religious services not of their own creed, 226;
- number of, in the Cork and Dublin workhouses in 1841, 263;
- number of in, on January 1, 1841, 1842, and 1843, 283;
- in 1844, 299;
- in 1845-6, 303;
- in 1848, 322;
- in 1847, 345;
- in March 1848, 346;
- in September 1848, 363;
- in March 1849, 351;
- in June 1849, 365;
- in 1848-9, 366;
- in September 1849, 371;
- in March 1850, 366;
- in September 1850, 371;
- in September 1850, 376;
- in September 1851, 387;
- in September 1852, 394;
- in 1853, ibid.;
- in 1854, 402.
- Inspection of workhouses by the author, 284.
- —— of rate-book, how and to whom allowed, 292.
- Inspectors, medical, commissioners empowered to appoint, 362;
- enactment empowering them to visit and examine dispensaries, to examine witnesses upon oath, and to execute the powers of the Nuisances Removal and Diseases Prevention Acts, 383.
- Institutions supported by voluntary charity, notice of, 105;
- established for the relief of the poor, Report of the inquiry commissioner on, in 1836, 125;
- total amount of charge for in 1833, 128.
- Instructions, letter of, from Lord John Russell to the author, relative to his investigation of the state of Ireland, 157.
- Investigation, unsuccessful, as to the cause of the potato disease, 308.
- Ireland, supposed to have been peopled from Spain, 1;
- not attacked by the barbarians who dismembered the Roman empire, 2;
- ancient division of, into four provinces, 3;
- how differing from England and Scotland in making no provision for the poor, 13;
- state of, in 1776-78, 59 et seq.;
- various opinions as to, 61;
- the real improvement of, must spring from herself, 151;
- distress of, in 1839, through an unfavourable season and deficiency of crops, 257;
- extreme distress of, 1846 to 1849, 307 to 360;
- population of, in 1821, 1831, 1841, and 1851, 387.
- Ireton, completion of the conquest of Ireland by, 10.
- Irish, supposed to have occupied great part of Britain, 1;
- known by the name of Scots, 2;
- description of by Spenser, 6 et seq.;
- character, summary of, by Arthur Young, 64;
- parliament, acts of, 13 et seq.;
- bogs, act for the reclaiming of, 75;
- peers, alarm of at the supposed extent of the poor-rate, 217;
- government, applications to, for relief, and schemes and suggestions for relieving the distress in 1839, 257.
- ‘Irish Crisis,’ by Sir Charles Trevelyan, notice of, 256, note; 285, note; 307, 311, 314, 319, 320, 328.
- Irish Poor-Law Commission, re-formation of, 338.
- —— Poor-Law board delegated to assistant-commissioners, 284;
- establishment of, 330, 333;
- powers of the previous commissioners transferred to, 334.
- Irishrie, five of the best, to bring all idle persons of their surname to be justified by law, 23.
- Irishry, feuds and disorders of the, 14.
- Island Bridge barrack adapted for the reception of lunatics, 249.
- James the First, insurrection of Ireland during the reign of, 9.
- James the Second, the Roman catholics of Ireland adhere to the cause of, 10.
- Joint-stock companies to vote for guardians by their officers, 230.
- Judges of assize to impose rates on parishes refusing to provide for poor deserted infants, 50.
- Justices of the peace to regulate wages, 21;
- empowered to decide disputes between masters and employers, and servants, artificers, and labourers, 40;
- enactment for their being ex-officio members of the boards of guardians, 223;
- time and mode of electing, 224;
- empowered to proceed on summons for recovery of penalties, 230.
- Kay, Dr., visit of to Holland and Belgium, 211;
- report of on education, ibid.
- Kearns and idle people, act relating to in 1310, 13.
- Kildare Street Society, notice of, 113, note;
- Mr. Stanley’s (Earl of Derby) remarks on, 114 et seq.
- King’s speech, in relation to Ireland, on opening parliament in 1836, 154.
- Kinsale surrendered to Cromwell, 10.
- Labour, act for the regulation of the wages of, 21;
- impolicy of, 22;
- method of paying for in Ireland, 61.
- —— Rate Act, passing of, 313.
- Labouring poor in Ireland, description of the state of in 1823, 94;
- legislative interference with to be avoided if possible, 88;
- proportion of out of employment, 96;
- in Ireland, condition of, 132.
- La Cambré, account of the workhouse of, 213.
- Land, enactment that not more than twelve acres be annexed to workhouses, 225.
- Land, rise in the value of, 98.
- Landlord and tenant, relations between, 97.
- Landlords, ill effects apprehended from imposing a poor-rate on, 136.
- Landowners, advantages of making them contribute to the support of the destitute, 190.
- Lands, limitation of the quantity of, to be held by corporations for the use of the poor, 52.
- Lascelles, Rowley, notice of, 2, note.
- Legal claims to relief, advantage of not giving the poor, 149.
- —— provision recommended by the Commissioners of Inquiry for sick and infirm poor, for emigration, and for casual destitution, 140, 141.
- —— proceedings taken against unions for neglecting to collect rates, 296.
- Legislation, Irish, for the relief of the poor, summary view of, 57, 58.
- Leinster, Duke of, Mr. Stanley’s (now Earl of Derby) letter to, announcing the formation of a national system of education, 113.
- —— the province of, probably an ecclesiastical formation, 3.
- Lessor made liable for the poor-rate in certain cases, 291.
- Letter of author to Lord John Russell in 1853, 399 et seq.
- Lewis, G. C. ‘Remarks on the Third Report of the Irish Poor Inquiry Commissioners,’ 151.
- Lezers (gleaners) of corn, act against, temp. Hen. VIII., 19.
- Liability of persons to support their destitute relatives, 278.
- ‘Liber Munerum Publicorum Hibernie,’ notice of, 2, note.
- Licences to beg, how and to whom to be granted, 52.
- Limerick, the surrender of, 10;
- assistant-commissioners sent to, 234, 236.
- Limited relief for the poor, adoption of, 51.
- Linen manufacture in Ireland, ill consequences of a mixture of with agricultural pursuits, 89.
- Lingard, Dr., statement as to the early learning of Ireland, 2.
- Lismore, council at, submits to Henry the Second in 1172, and receives the English laws, 3.
- Livery, act of 1495 against retainers, 18;
- penalty for transgressing, ibid.
- Living in Ireland, cheapness of, as compared with England, 65.
- Loan funds, recommended for the assistance of the poor, 142.
- Loans to families, by way of relief, recommended in certain cases, 178;
- for erecting workhouses, mode of managing, 272;
- amount of, 273;
- amount of from government in 1845, for the erection of workhouses, 302;
- may be raised on the security of the rates, to defray the expenses of emigration, 369.
- Local machinery for the administration of relief, proposed to be the same as in England, 178.
- —— acts to cease on the establishment of workhouses under the New Poor Law Act, 226.
- London subscription to alleviate the distress in Ireland in 1823, amount of, 92.
- Londonderry, Marquis of, opposition to the Irish Poor Law bill, 219.
- —— ——, assistant-commissioners sent to, 236.
- Lunacy more prevalent in Ireland than in England, 79.
- Lunatic asylums, act for providing, 79;
- increase of in 1830, and effectiveness of, 103, 104;
- number of in 1836, and expenditure of in 1833, 126.
- Magistrates, why some should be ex-officio members of boards of guardians, 208.
- Mann, Capt., account of the appearance of the potato during the disease, 310.
- Mantle, act against wearing the Irish, 20.
- Manufacturing and farming, prejudicial effects of the union of, 63.
- Market-towns to be fixed on for centres of unions, 237.
- Marriages, early, facilities for and encouragement of in Ireland, 55;
- prevalence of in Ireland, 99.
- Marshes and bogs, increased advantages of draining on a large scale, 168.
- Mary, accession of in 1553, 4;
- retards the Reformation, ibid.
- Mathew, Father, his account of the appearance of the potato during the disease, 310.
- Meal, amount of distributed in 1846, 312.
- —— and medical aid, government supply of to relieve the poor in Donegal, 200.
- Measures for the relief of the poor, necessity of considering the good of society in general in the construction of, 133.
- Meat seldom eaten by the Irish labouring poor, except at seasons prescribed by the Roman catholic church, 132.
- Medical and surgical aid, provision for the supply of to the poor, 74.
- Medical charities, Report of the Inquiry Commissioners on, 125;
- total expense of supporting in 1833, and number of cases relieved, 126;
- inquiry into, 268;
- report on in 1842, 279;
- act, summary of, 382, 383.
- —— commissioner, enactment for the appointment of, 383.
- —— practitioners, remuneration of for vaccination cases, 268.
- —— relief for the poor, inequality in the distribution of, 127.
- Melbourne, Lord, speech of on introducing the new Irish Poor Law bill to the house of lords in 1838, 218.
- Mendicancy, measures for the repression of, 44;
- prevalence of, in Ireland, 161;
- filth and squalor the accompaniments of, 162;
- means taken for the repression of under the new Poor Law, 254;
- bill introduced to the house of commons for the suppression of in Ireland, 265;
- not proceeded with, ibid.;
- continued existence of, 280, 281.
- Mendicants, poor-law relief necessary for the suppression of, 181;
- prevalence of and encouragement of in Ireland, 182;
- to be removed as soon as possible into workhouses, ibid.
- Mendicity Society of Dublin, income of, 106.
- —— the sole resource of the aged and impotent poor, 132.
- —— institutions, examples of the inefficiency of, 148.
- Middle classes, almost entirely the supporters of the poor in 1830, 106, note.
- Middlemen, practice of employing, 60;
- injurious consequences of, 61.
- Migration of mendicant poor, tends to diffuse contagious fevers, 86.
- Migratory habits of the Irish opposed to a law of settlement, 181.
- Milk, use of by the labouring poor in Ireland, 61.
- Ministers and churchwardens of every parish to bind helpless children as apprentices, 41, 42.
- Minute of the Poor Law Board of Ireland, of Dec. 5, 1849, 257.
- Missionaries, Irish, teachers of the Anglo-Saxons, 2.
- Model schools, agricultural, proposed establishment of, 138.
- Monasteries in Ireland, oasis of civilization, 2.
- Money to be raised for building and supporting houses of correction, 28;
- provision for borrowing by boards of guardians, 230.
- —— wages, the disadvantages of not paying, 35.
- Morpeth, Lord, announcement by of the intentions of government, 155;
- introduces a bill to the house of commons for the suppression of mendicancy in Ireland, but it is not proceeded with, 265.
- Mortality, greatly increased ratio of in workhouses during the distress occasioned by the potato disease, 326;
- decrease of in 1847, 338;
- in workhouses, increased ratio of in Feb. 1848, 345;
- in 1849, 351.
- Munich, the workhouse test principle not adopted in, 197.
- Munster, the province of, probably an ecclesiastical formation, 3;
- unions, embarrassed state of in 1851, 378;
- and Connaught, state of in 1851, 390.
- Musgrave, Sir Richard, introduction of a bill by for the relief of the poor in Ireland, 154;
- consideration of postponed, 155.
- National Board of Education, formation of in 1831, 113;
- powers of, 116, 117;
- incorporated in 1844, 118.
- —— distinctions between Irish and English, act for abolishing, 26.
- —— establishments, recommendation of providing, for lunatics, deaf dumb and blind poor, vagrants, and persons willing to emigrate, 142;
- the whole of Ireland to be rated for, ibid.
- —— improvement of Ireland, a board recommended for carrying into effect, 137.
- —— schools, regulations for applications for aid, 116;
- debate in the house of commons in 1832 on the government plan for, 117;
- parliamentary grant in favour of, 118.
- Navigation laws, alteration of, 311.
- Needy but not destitute persons, not objects of poor-law relief, 203.
- Newport, Sir John, chairman of the select committee to inquire into the state of disease and the condition of the labouring poor in 1819, 86;
- chairman of the select committee of the house of commons in 1827, on education in Ireland, 108.
- Nicholls, Mr. G. ‘Suggestions’ of, in 1836, 130;
- recommendation of Lord John Russell to the house of commons to adopt the means proposed by, in order to relieve the distress in Ireland, 191;
- Second Report of, 196 et seq.
- Ninth Report of the proceedingsproceedings in 1847 under the new Poor Law Act in Ireland, 309 et seq.
- Nobility and gentry of Ireland, measures of Henry VII. for reducing the power of, 19.
- Non-residence of proprietors in Ireland a cause of distress, 90.
- North of Ireland, difference between and the south and west, 63;
- the author’s examination of the state of, 199;
- alleged inapplicability of the new Poor Law to, refuted, ibid.
- Northmen, irruptions of into Ireland, 3.
- Notice of claims to vote for guardians, term for making extended, 293.
- Nottinghamshire, continued efficiency of the workhouse test in two parishes of, 164.
- Oatmeal, moderate price of during the famine in Ireland in 1823, 92.
- Oats, cultivation of in Donegal, to procure whiskey, 201.
- Objections to the establishment of the English workhouse system in Ireland, combated by Lord John Russell, 192, 193;
- to the new Irish Poor Law bill answered by the author, 197 et seq.
- O'Brien, Smith, bill introduced by for a system of poor-laws, 154.
- Occupiers, to pay one-half of the poor-rate, 180;
- rated under 5l., reasons for exempting from payment of poor-rates, 205;
- to pay the poor-rate, 228;
- and to deduct half from the owner, ibid.;
- under 5l. annual rent, regulation as to, 290;
- of more than a quarter of an acre not to be deemed destitute, 331.
- O'Connell, Mr. D., opposition of to the Irish Poor Law bill of 1837-8, 210;
- difficulties arising in the execution of the poor-laws from his agitation for a repeal of the Union, 294.
- Officers of health, appointment of, 78;
- recommendation that they be elected in all towns having 1000 or more inhabitants, with power to direct the cleaning of streets, removing of nuisances, &c. 87;
- to cause foundlings and orphan children to be taken care of, and when of suitable age to be sent to some British colony, 144.
- —— of unions, commissioners empowered to fix salaries, prescribe duties, &c. 332.
- Opinions, various, respecting the causes of distress in Ireland, and the means of relieving, 120.
- Order of proceedings of boards of guardians, a new, issued, 384.
- Orders and regulations of the commissioner acting in Ireland forwarded to the London board, 241.
- —— issued in 1850 for forming twenty-four new unions, 367.
- Orphan-girls, number of enabled to emigrate, 353, 370.
- Out-door compulsory employment, not adapted for Ireland in the opinion of the commissioners of inquiry, 135;
- employment, difficulty in providing for the poor, 342.
- —— relief not to be given, 176;
- objections to affording in any case, 204;
- decision of the board against affording during the distress of 1839, 258;
- limited power given to the guardians for distributing, 330, 331;
- necessity for allowing, 336;
- amount expended on, in 1848, 346;
- number of persons receiving, ibid.;
- in 1849, 365;
- in 1850, 376;
- in 1851, 387, 388;
- in 1852, 394;
- in 1853, ibid.;
- in 1854, 402.
- Outlaws, maintained by the lords to annoy each other’s rule, 23.
- Out-relief lists, number of persons on in 1848, 349;
- Overcrowding of workhouses, dangerous results from, 325.
- Overseers to collect assessed rates to provide for poor deserted infants, 50.
- Owners of property to pay one-half of the poor-rate, 180, 229;
- objections to charging the whole of the poor-rate on, 204.
- Paid officers, recommendation of employing in administering relief, 178;
- Commissioners to direct the appointment of, to carry the poor-law into effect, 224;
- of unions, the importance of the provision enabling the Commissioners to appoint, 337.
- Pale, English, notice of, 11.
- Pamphlets, on the relative value of compulsory and voluntary relief, 129.
- Parish rates, recommendation that they should be levied for sanitary purposes, 87.
- Parishes refusing to provide for poor deserted infants, how to be proceeded against, 50.
- Parliament, prorogation of, 156;
- prorogation of on the death of William IV., 195.
- Parliamentary franchise, proposition to found upon the poor-law valuations, 266.
- —— grants for educational purposes in Ireland, total amount of in 1827, 109.
- Parochial machinery for union management, necessity for varying in Irish parishes, 172.
- Pasturage, favourable climate of Ireland for, 60.
- Pauper idiots and lunatics, permission to be retained in workhouses under certain regulations, 184.
- —— labour, impolicy of endeavouring to make it a source of profit, 370.
- —— lunatics, wards in workhouses appropriated to, 266.
- Paupers affected with fever or contagious diseases may be maintained by the guardians in an asylum, or houses may be hired for them, 292.
- Pay-schools, number of scholars taught at in 1827, 109.
- Peace not to be made with Irish enemies without consent of the governor, 18.
- Peasantry, the desirableness of exciting to depend on their own exertions, 93;
- the necessity of their obtaining plots of land, the occasion of crime, 161;
- indolence and apathy of, 162;
- desultory habits and love of amusement of, 163.
- Penal colonies in Holland, account of, 214, et seq.
- Penalties, justices empowered to proceed on summons for the recovery of, 230.
- Perjury, witnesses giving false evidence to the poor-law commissioners, subjected to the penalties for, 334.
- Personal property, difficulties of subjecting to a rate, 145.
- Persons relieved in 1847, number of, 339.
- Peter’s-pence, not paid by the Irish at an early period of their history, 2.
- Petitions of the Roman catholic hierarchy for means of education, 108.
- Phelan, Mr., investigation by into medical charities, 268.
- Phœnician colonies, probable existence of in Ireland, 1.
- Pitt, Mr., speech of on proposing the Union, 68;
- speech of on submitting resolutions for, 69, 70.
- Players of interludes and minstrels, found wandering, to be punished as vagabonds, 30.
- Plots of land, strong desire of the Irish peasantry for, 161.
- Ploughing by the tail, act against, 32.
- Political influence, the desire for, leading to the subdivision of lands, 161.
- Poor in Ireland, no provision for, until a recent period, 13.
- —— children in Dublin above five years old, to be apprenticed to protestants, 36.
- Poor-laws, a modified system recommended for Ireland, 100;
- English commissioners recommended for carrying into execution, 187, 188.
- —— Law Commissioners of England to be Commissioners of Ireland, 231;
- —— rate to be recovered from the occupier, who may deduct it from the rent in certain cases, 291.
- Poor-rates, amount of charged and collected in 1844, 298.
- Poor relief, amount expended on in the year ending Sept. 1847, 345;
- to March 1848, 347;
- to Sept. 1848, 363;
- to March 1849, 351;
- to Sept. 1849, 371;
- to Sept. 1850, 376;
- to Sept. 1851, 387;
- to Sept. 1852, 394;
- in 1853, ibid.;
- in 1854, 402.
- Population of Ireland, amount of at various periods, 11, 12;
- decrease of between 1841 and 1851, 12;
- in 1821, 1831, 1841 and 1851, 357.
- ——, too rapid increase of, a cause of distress, 94.
- Porters and messengers to be licensed for the support of the Dublin Foundling Hospital, 48.
- Potato, the facility of procuring, leads to a boundless multiplication of human beings, 90.
- —— crop, distress occasioned by the failure of in 1823, 92;
- evils of a total dependence on, 93;
- in 1839, estimate of the state of, 259;
- deficiency of in 1841, 281.
- —— disease, occurrence of in 1845-6, 306;
- distress occasioned by, 307;
- re-appearance of in the autumn of 1846, 323;
- recurrence of in 1848, 349.
- Potatoes, the food of the labouring poor in Ireland, 61.
- Poverty, conclusive evidence as to the state of in Ireland, 158;
- not the sole cause of the condition of the Irish peasantry, 162.
- Poyning’s Act, 1495, effect of, 17.
- Presidents and assistants for the relief of the poor, institution of, 52.
- Price of labour in Ireland in 1830, 96.
- Private trade in corn, determination not to interfere with, 313.
- —— subscriptions, amount of for the relief of the poor in Ireland during the prevalence of the potato disease, 320, 321.
- Progress of population in Ireland, 11, 12.
- Promotion, spiritual, to be given to such only as speak English, 21.
- Property, feeling prevalent in Ireland in favour of taxing for the relief of the poor, 165;
- what is to be assessed for poor-rates, 228;
- amount of, rated to the poor in Ireland and England, 269, note.
- Prostitutes, strolling, to be sent to houses of industry and kept to hard labour, 55.
- Protestant settlers in Ireland, massacre of in 1641, 10.
- —— Charter Schools Society to receive poor children, 54.
- —— clergy, favourable to the introduction of a system of poor-laws, 167;
- salaries to be appointed for in workhouses, 226.
- —— and Romanist classes, division of the kingdom into, 26.
- —— and Roman catholic children, separate religious instruction recommended for, 111.
- Protestantism, church establishment of in Ireland, 25.
- Provisions, high price of, in 1840, 269.
- Proxy, reasons for allowing owners to vote for guardians by, 207.
- Public works, the extension of recommended in 1830, as a means of employing the Irish poor, 107.
- —— act, passing of, 312;
- amount expended under in 1846, ibid.
- “Queen’s pay,” ill effects of under the relief works, in withdrawing labourers from their proper employment, 315.
- Rapparees, act for suppressing, 38.
- Rate to be levied in Dublin for the support of the workhouse, 37;
- for the support of the Foundling Hospital, 48;
- increase of for that purpose, 49.
- —— in aid, amount of the levy of, 359;
- amount of the second, 375.
- —— of wages in 1851, 391;
- —— payers, joint, empowered to vote according to the proportions borne by each, 229.
- Rateable property, amount of in 1845, 1847, and 1851, 393.
- Rates to be assessed in every county and town for the support of houses of industry, 55;
- for emigration, how to be raised, 226;
- for the support of the poor, guardians empowered to levy, 227;
- to be a poundage rate, 228;
- to be recovered by distress if not duly paid, 229;
- collection of, apprehended difficulties proved groundless, 277;
- amount of, collected for the poor in 1845-6, 304;
- total amount raised for the poor, up to 1848, 346;
- in 1846, 1847, and 1848, 363;
- may be raised for defraying the expenses of emigration, 369.
- Rating, power of vested in the board of guardians, 179;
- valuation for the purposes of, 180;
- under the new Poor-Law bill of 1837, objections to the plan answered, 204.
- Reasons against the voluntary system, by a portion of the Commissioners of Inquiry, 147.
- Rebellion of 1798, notice of, 11, 67.
- Reclamation of waste land, need of on a large scale in Donegal, 201.
- Reformation not so successful in Ireland as in England, 4;
- education adopted as a means for extending, 25.
- Register-book, enactment for the keeping of in workhouses, 226.
- Relatives, liabilities of, to support their destitute parents, &c., 278.
- Relief, imperfect recognition of the right of to the poor, 31;
- to be effectual must be uniform and prompt, 147;
- destitution to form the only grounds for, 176;
- rules for to be issued by the central authority, 177;
- amount expended in during 1841, 276, 277;
- in 1842, 283;
- in 1843 and 1844, 299;
- in 1845, 301;
- amount of afforded from various sources under the Public Works Act in 1846, 312.
- —— committees, formation of in 1846, 311.
- —— Extension Act, copies of sent to all the unions, 338.
- —— works, failure of, 316;
- amount expended on, ibid. note.
- Relieving-officers, enactment for the appointment of, 331.
- Religious persuasions, importance of bringing together children of different, for purposes of education, 110;
- zeal, difficulties offered by in raising voluntary funds and in affording impartial relief, 148;
- service, to be performed in workhouses by clergymen of different denominations, 226.
- Remark on the evidence of the Inquiry Commissioners, by Mr. Bicheno, 151.
- ‘Remarks’ by Mr. G. C. Lewis on the Third Report of the Inquiry Commissioners, 151.
- Remittances from emigrants, amounts of, 392.
- Rental of Ireland in 1776-78, 65.
- Rents, comparative, in England and Ireland, 60;
- arising from exempted property, to be rated to the extent of half the poundage, 368.
- Report of the Committee of the House of Commons on the state of the poor in Ireland, 82 et seq.
- —— of the Select Committee of the House of Commons in 1823 for providing funds for the useful employing of the labouring poor in Ireland, 91.
- Report of the Select Committee of the House of Commons on education in Ireland, 108 et seq.
- ——, the first, in 1835, of the Commissioners appointed in 1833 to inquire into the condition of the poorer classes in Ireland, 118 et seq.;
- the second, in 1836, 125 et seq.;
- the third, in 1836, 131 et seq.
- —— of the Poor Inquiry Commissioners, rejection of the means proposed by them for alleviating distress in Ireland, 190, 191.
- ——, the first, of Mr. G. Nicholls on the state of Ireland in 1836, 159;
- the second, 196;
- the third, 212.
- —— of Commissioners for Ireland to be annually laid before parliament, 232.
- —— of Commissioners under the Temporary Relief Act, 344.
- Residence required to give a claim to relief, 292.
- Residents for less than three years, if receiving relief, to be charged to the union, 367.
- Resistance to the law, instances of unions offering, 295.
- Resolutions submitted by Mr. Pitt for effecting an Union with Ireland, 69;
- Returning-officers, instructions to, under the new Poor-Law Act for the first elections, 242.
- Revenue, comparative proportions raised by Ireland with that of Great Britain, 147.
- Revolution of 1688, the Roman Catholics of Ireland support James II., 10.
- Rice, Mr. Spring (now Lord Monteagle), chairman of the select committee of the house of commons in 1823, 91.
- Richmond Lunatic Asylum, notice of, 84.
- Rick-burning, Act against, temp. Hen. VIII., 19.
- Road-making to be undertaken in order to employ the distressed poor in 1822, 80.
- Roads in mountainous districts, the formation of recommended as providing employment for the labouring poor, 88.
- “Robbery-money,” frauds exercised in order to obtain, 39.
- Rogues vagabonds and beggars, act for the punishment of, 28;
- who are to be deemed, 29.
- Roman Catholic clergy, notice of their opposition to the Kildare Street Society schools, 115;
- favourable to the introduction of a system of poor laws, 167;
- clergymen in workhouses, salaries to be appointed for, 226.
- Roman Catholics of Ireland adhere to the cause of Charles I., 10.
- Romans, never extended their conquests to Ireland, 2.
- Rome, the supremacy of the see of, not acknowledged by the early Irish, 2.
- Royal message to the parliament recommending an Union, 67;
- congratulating them on the measure being effected, 71;
- assent given to the Irish Poor-Law bill in 1838, 221.
- Rumford, Count, attempts of to make pauper establishments self-supporting, failure of, 198.
- Russell, Lord John, announcement of the necessity of some government measure respecting the poor of Ireland, 155;
- letter of instructions to the author, 157;
- speech of on introducing the new Irish Poor-Law bill in 1837, 189;
- introduction by of the Irish Poor-Law bill in 1837-8 to the house of commons, 210;
- interview of the author with, urging the carrying of the new law into immediate operation, 234;
- letter of the author to in 1853, 399 et seq.
- Salaries, estimated scale of, for union officers, 209.
- —— to be paid to persons employed to seize persons begging without a licence, 54.
- Sanitary state of workhouses, 275.
- Scale of voting for guardians, 229.
- Scholars, found begging, to be punished as vagabonds, 29;
- number taught in the various public schools in Ireland in 1827, 109.
- School-houses to be built in each of the shire-towns, 25.
- Schoolmasters and schoolmistresses, appointed for workhouses, 264.
- Schools, supported by Roman Catholics, number of scholars taught at in 1827, 109;
- for union children, permission given to provide with land, 332;
- number of children attending in 1848, 348.
- Scotland and Ireland, difference between as to provision for the poor, 13.
- ——, alleged success of the system of voluntary contributions for the poor in, 150;
- number of parishes assessed and unassessed in 1855, ibid. note.
- Scots, ancient name for the Irish, 2.
- Scottish rebellions of 1715 and 1745, the Irish take no part in, 10.
- Scrope, G. P., introduction of a bill by for the relief and employment of the poor in Ireland, 154;
- resolutions proposed by as to the necessity of providing relief for the Irish poor, 155.
- Sea-sand and sea-weed, use of as manure in Donegal, 200.
- Sea-service, male foundlings in certain cases to be apprenticed to, 44.
- ——, guardians in Ireland empowered to apprentice poor boys to, 385.
- Seaweed and sand, carried on the backs of the poor for manure, 94.
- Second Report of Proceedings in Ireland under the New Poor-Law Act, 245.
- Second Annual Report of the Poor Law Commissioners for Ireland in 1849, 349.
- Secretaries, enactment for the appointment of, 223.
- Security of property, necessary to induce the investment of capital, 208.
- Sedan-chairs licensed for the support of Dublin workhouse, 37.
- Select Committee of the house of commons in 1819, to inquire into the state of disease, and the condition of the labouring poor in Ireland, report of, 86;
- in 1823, to facilitate the application of the funds of private individuals and associations for the employment of the labouring poor in useful and productive labour, report of, 91;
- in 1830, to consider the state of the poorer classes in Ireland, and the best means of improving their condition, report of, 93;
- heads of the report, 96;
- in 1828, on education in Ireland, report of, 108 et seq.;
- resolutions adopted by, 112.
- Separate instruction in their religious duties for protestant and Roman Catholic children recommended, 111.
- —— Poor Law Commissioners, not necessary, 338.
- Servants, drunken, idle, or quitting their employment improperly, to be punished with the stocks or imprisonment, 40;
- agricultural, not hired in Ireland, 161.
- Settlement, law of, to be dispensed with altogether, 181;
- litigation caused by the law of, 193;
- not intended to be introduced into the new Irish Poor-Law bill, ibid.;
- provision for decided against in the house of commons, 210.
- Seventh Report of proceedings in 1845 under the new Poor-Law Act in Ireland, 299 et seq.
- Sexes, the separation of, practised in houses of industry, 192.
- Sheep, reared in Donegal to pay the rent, 201.
- Sickness, inquiry as to why the Irish labouring poor do not make provision for, 122;
- prevalence of in 1849, 349.
- Single women, enactment making them chargeable with the support of their children, 227.
- Sixth Report of proceedings under the new Poor-Law, 291.
- Sixth Annual Report of the Poor-Law Commissioners of Ireland, 389.
- Skibbereen, resistance to the payment of rates in, 295.
- Small holdings, the work required easily performed and therefore constantly neglected, 163;
- prevalence of in Donegal, 200.
- Social importance of the Irish Poor-Law, 156.
- Society, the disordered state of in Ireland a consequence of the want of a well-regulated poor-law, 168.
- —— of Friends, amount contributed by to relieve the distress in Ireland occasioned by the potato disease, 321.
- Soil of Ireland, peculiarities of, 59.
- Southwell and Bingham, encouragement of the workhouse test principle afforded by the example of, 198.
- Spain, Gauls or Celtes from, supposed to have peopled Ireland, 1.
- Spanish emissaries and troops, disquieting effects of, temp. Eliz., 5.
- Speeches of Mr. Pitt on proposing the Union, 68;
- on submitting resolutions for, 69, 70.
- Speech of Lord John Russell on introducing the new Irish Poor-Law bill in 1837, 189 et seq.
- Spenser, the poet, grant of lands to, 5;
- his description of Ireland, 5, et seq.;
- proposals of for securing the quiet of Ireland, 8.
- Stage-coaches licensed for the support of the Dublin Foundling Hospital, 48;
- number increased for, 49.
- Stamp-duty, exemptions from in poor-law proceedings, 230.
- Stanley, Mr. (now Earl of Derby), letter of to the Duke of Leinster, announcing the formation of a system of national education, 113.
- Stanley, Mr., communication from respecting the state of the poor in Ireland, 196 note.
- Starvation, near approach to of the population of Donegal, 200.
- State of Ireland in 1776-78, 59 et seq.;
- various opinions as to, 61.
- Statements of numbers relieved and chargeable to be posted weekly on workhouse doors, 369.
- Statistical returns, instructions for to the assistant-commissioners, 240.
- Statutes at Large, notice of, 13, note.
- Statutes cited.—
- Edw. II. 1310, 13;
- Hen. VI. 1440, 13;
- Hen. VI. 1447, 15;
- Hen. VI. 1450, 14;
- Hen. VI. 1457, 15;
- Edw. IV. 1465, 16;
- Edw. IV. 1472, 16;
- 10 Hen. VII. cap. 4, Poynings’ Act, 17;
- 10 Hen. VII. cap. 6, 18;
- 10 Hen. VII. cap. 17, 18;
- 13 Hen. VIII. cap. 1, 19;
- 22 Hen. VIII. cap. 12, 22, 31;
- 25 Hen. VIII. cap. 1, 19;
- 28 Hen. VIII. cap. 15, 20;
- 33 Hen. VIII. cap. 9, 21, 52;
- 33 Hen. VIII. cap. 15, 22, 30;
- 11 Eliz. cap. 4, 23;
- 12 Eliz. cap. 1, 24;
- 18 Eliz. cap. 3, 31;
- 43 Eliz., 31;
- 7 Jas. I. cap. 4, 31;
- 11 and 12 Jas. I. cap. 5, 26;
- 10 and 11 Chas. I. cap. 4, 27, 52;
- 10 and 11 Chas. I. cap. 15, 32;
- 10 and 11 Chas. I. cap. 16, 34;
- 10 and 11 Chas. I. cap. 17, 32;
- 2 Anne, cap. 19, 35, 248;
- 6 Anne, cap. 11, 38, 101;
- 2 Geo. I. cap. 17, 40;
- 9 Geo. II. cap. 25, 42;
- 11 and 12 Geo. III, cap. 11, 45, 83, 248;
- 11 and 12 Geo. III. cap. 15, 49;
- 11 and 12 Geo. III. cap. 30, 23, 51, 101, 104;
- 13 and 14 Geo. III. cap. 24, 49;
- 25 Geo. III. cap. 48, 48 note;
- 45 Geo. III. cap. 111, 73;
- 46 Geo. III. cap. 95, 74, 104;
- 49 Geo. III. cap. 101, 75;
- 51 Geo. III. cap. 101, 76;
- 54 Geo. III. cap. 112, 76;
- 57 Geo. III. cap. 106, 78, 103;
- 58 Geo. III. cap. 47, 76, 102, 104, 144;
- 59 Geo. III. cap. 44, 78, 144;
- 3 Geo. IV. caps. 3 and 84, 80;
- 6 Geo. IV. cap. 102, 81;
- 7 Geo. IV. cap. 74, 225;
- 1 and 2 Vict. cap. 56, 222, 398;
- 2 Vict. cap. 1, 233, 244;
- 3 and 4 Vict. cap. 29, 268;
- 6 and 7 Vict. cap. 92, 291;
- 9 and 10 Vict. cap. 1, 312;
- 9 and 10 Vict. cap. 22, 311;
- 9 and 10 Vict. cap. 1, 312;
- 10 and 11 Vict. cap. 7, 320, 339, 344;
- 10 and 11 Vict. cap. 22, 319, 339;
- 10 and 11 Vict. cap. 31, 330, 338, 341, 345;
- 10 and 11 Vict. cap. 84, 332;
- 10 and 11 Vict. cap. 90, 333;
- 11 and 12 Vict. caps. 1 and 2, 311 note;
- 11 and 12 Vict. cap. 25, 354;
- 11 and 12 Vict. cap. 47, 354;
- 12 and 13 Vict. cap. 4, 355, 360;
- 12 and 13 Vict. cap. 104, 367;
- 13 and 14 Vict. cap. 14, 374, 380;
- 14 and 15 Vict. cap. 35, 385;
- 14 and 15 Vict. cap. 68, 382;
- 15 and 16 Vict. cap. 16, 381;
- 15 and 16 Vict. cap. 63, 393;
- 16 and 17 Vict. cap. 7, 393.
- Stirabout, found to be the best form of food for distribution, 318.
- Stirpes or septs, heads of, to be answerable for the rest, 24.
- Stocks, a punishment for idle, drunken, or dishonest servants, 40;
- for begging without a licence, 53.
- Stone-breaking, recommended as a test for relief to the able-bodied poor, 342.
- Streets, recommendation for the cleaning of, 87.
- Strigul or Strongbow, expedition of against Ireland, 3.
- Strolling beggars, Act for lodging, 51.
- Strongbow, expedition of to Ireland, 1.
- Stuarts, the Irish take no part in the movement in their favour in 1715 and 1745, 10.
- Subdivision of land, excessive prevalence of in Donegal, 201.
- Subdivisions of lands, by lowering the standard of living, productive of fevers, 78.
- Sub-letting of land, evils consequent on, 98.
- Subscriptions to alleviate the distress in Ireland, 1823, amount of the London, 92;
- promoted by government for the relief of Ireland, 357.
- Sufferings of the population of Ireland between 1841 and 1851, 12.
- ‘Suggestions’ by the author in 1836, 129, 130.
- Summary of act of 1 and 2 Vict. cap. 56, 222 et seq.;
- of the 2 Vict. cap. 1, 233;
- of the 6 and 7 Vict. cap. 91, 291;
- of the act to make further provision for the destitute poor in Ireland, 330;
- of the act to make provision for the punishment of vagrants, &c., 332;
- of the act for the execution of the laws for the relief of the poor in Ireland, 334, 335;
- of the Rate-in-Aid Act, 355, 356;
- of act to amend the previous acts for the relief of the Irish poor, 367;
- of an act for the further advance of public money to distressed unions, 374, 375;
- of the Medical Charities Act, 382, 383.
- Supervisor of rates, appointed in large towns, 279.
- Suppression of mendicancy, answer to the objections against the measures for, 206.
- Surgeons and physicians for infirmaries and county hospitals, generally provided, 83.
- Surveys, new ones to be made where necessary, 228.
- Table of the numbers of persons in workhouses, of the number and rate of deaths per week, of the numbers relieved, and of the weekly cost of relief, from 1846 to 1853, both inclusive, 404.
- Tabular view of number of unions, of the expenditure, of the number of workhouses, the number of inmates, and the number relieved, in the years from 1840 to 1846, both inclusive, 323.
- Tabular statement of number of unions, expenditure, number of inmates, number receiving out-door relief, and total cost from 1847 to 1853, both inclusive, 395.
- —— statement of average cost of maintenance from 1847 to 1854 both inclusive, 397.
- Tally, the use of by the labouring poor in Ireland, 62.
- Task-work, adoption of as a test, 313;
- Tax, levied under the new Poor Law not likely to exceed greatly that now levied by mendicants in Ireland, 192.
- Taxes in Ireland, lightness of previous to the Union, 66.
- Teachers of schools, recommendation that they be selected without regard to religious distinctions, 111.
- Temporary Relief Act, passing of, 316;
- Tenants, ejected, deplorable condition of, 99;
- disease generated thereby, 100;
- for life, proposed empowering of to grant leases for certain terms, and to charge the property for permanent improvements, 138, 139.
- Tenantry, not able to bear the burden of a rate for the support of the poor, 136.
- Thieves, reward for killing or capturing in 1450, 14;
- robbers and rebels, act against in 1440, 14.
- Third Report of proceedings in Ireland under the new Poor Law act, 259.
- Third Annual Report of the Irish Poor Law Commissioners, 364.
- Threshing, custom of burning the corn in the straw instead of, 33.
- Tillage, inferiority of in Ireland, 60.
- Time of election for boards of guardians, enactment for fixing, 223.
- Tipperary, peculiar state of as a county palatine, 7;
- resistance to the payment of rates in, 235.
- Tithe-owners, influence of in passing the act in favour of earth-tillers, 20.
- —— composition, plan for purchasing and making the surplus available to the relief of the poor, 146.
- Tithes to pay poor-rate, 229.
- Townlands, enactment for the union of, 223;
- regulation with regard to the boundaries of, 233.
- Towns, recommendation of Spenser that they should be built, 9;
- increase of and wealth in, 160;
- a voluntary poor-law established in the principal of the north of Ireland, 200.
- Transition-period, difficulties to be overcome during, 166.
- Transportation, act for the punishment of rogues and rapparees by, 89.
- Treasurers, guardians, &c. to furnish accounts, 230.
- Trevelyan’s (Sir Charles) ‘Irish Crisis,’ notice of, 256, note; 285, note; 307, 311, 314, 319, 320, 328.
- Twisleton, Mr., appointed as fourth Commissioner of the Poor Law Board, and sent to Ireland, 309;
- appointed chief of the Irish Commission, 338.
- Tuam union, neglect of to collect poor-rates, 295;
- legal proceedings commenced against, 300;
- board of guardians dissolved by the commissioners, 305.
- Tyrone, rebellion of, 5.
- Ulster, the province of, probably an ecclesiastical formation, 3;
- plantation of by James I., 9.
- Uncultivated land, the existence of a favourable circumstance for the introduction of a poor-law, 168.
- Unemployed labourers in Ireland, number of, 133;
- numbers dependent on, 134.
- Union agricultural societies, plan for the formation of, 269.
- —— of Ireland with England, in 1800, 11, 71.
- —— officers, mortality among during the distress in Ireland occasioned by the potato disease, 326;
- in Feb. 1848, 345;
- in 1849, 353.
- Unions, suggested size of in Ireland, 172;
- principles to be observed in forming, 178;
- answers to the objections to proposed size of in the Report of 1836, 205;
- estimated expenses of, 209;
- enactment for the formation of by Commissioners, 223;
- directions to the assistant commissioners for the formation of, 236, 237;
- number of, in 1839, 245;
- in 1840, 245;
- difficulties in forming, 246;
- number of in 1841, 259;
- number of declared in 1842, 271;
- number of, in which resistance to the payment of rates were made, 295;
- unsatisfactory state of the finances of in 1847, 328, 329;
- number of, in which no out-relief was given, 343, 352;
- numbers of, not giving out-relief in 1850, 366;
- where new ones are formed, the commissioners to make arrangements for the joint use of the workhouse till a new one is built, 368;
- eight new formed in 1850, 373.
- United Kingdom of England and Ireland, the assembly of the first parliament of in 1701, 72.
- Vaccination, act for extending, 268;
- number of unions in which it had been introduced, 280;
- extension of in 1845, 300;
- amount expended on, ibid.
- Vagabonds, act for the punishment of, 22;
- and beggars to be kept separate in bridewells from the children, 46.
- Vagrancy, recommendation for an amendment of the laws relating to, 100;
- clauses in the Poor Law Bill of 1837, postponement of, 195.
- Vagrants and vagabonds, to be sent to houses of industry and kept to hard labour, 55;
- recommendation of their being sent as free labourers to some British colony, and no longer to be punishable by transportation, 143.
- Valuation of lands and houses recommended by the Commissioners of Inquiry, 141.
- Valuations, new, to be made where necessary, 228;
- and ratings, instructions for, 244;
- progress made with, 265;
- difficulties arising from the form adopted, 289;
- not to be increased in consequence of improvements, for seven years, 368;
- number of unions in which they had been completed, 278;
- objection to the correctness of, ibid.
- Valuators, enactment appointing, 291.
- Victoria, Queen, subscription of for the relief of the poor in Ireland, 357.
- Visiting committee of Dublin work-houses directed to report on their state, 261.
- Voght, Baron de, attempt of to make pauper establishments self-supporting, 198.
- Voluntary charity, institutions supported by, 105.
- —— associations for the relief of the poor, recommended by the Commissioners of Inquiry, 145;
- rules to be framed for, 146.
- —— system of relief, reasons against recommending by some of the Commissioners of Inquiry, 147;
- Votes, scale of according to property, in the election for guardians, 179, 229.
- —— doubtful, for guardians, may be refused by the returning officer, 293.
- Voting papers for guardians, improper interference with, 266;
- penalty for destroying or defacing, 293.
- Wages, act for the regulation of, 21;
- impolicy of, 22;
- of agricultural labourers in Ireland, rate of, 62;
- average rates of in 1836, 131.
- Wanderers, idle, act against, 34.
- Wardens, enactment for the appointment of in townlands and parishes, 226.
- Wards in workhouses appropriated to pauper lunatics, 286.
- ——, towns with 10,000 inhabitants may be divided into, for the purpose of electing guardians, 233.
- Wars, private, not to be made without consent of the governor, 18.
- Waste lands in Ireland, quantities of, 89.
- Waterford, resistance to the payment of rates in, 235.
- Wealth and distress may be concurrent in a country, 97.
- Wellington, duke of, support given by to Irish Poor Law bill, 219, 220.
- West of Ireland, portion taken by the author in his First Report, 159;
- severe distress in during 1839, 256;
- amount of government relief to, ibid. note.
- Western unions, total destitution of in 1849, 358.
- Wexford, stormed by Cromwell, 10.
- Wheat, average price of in Mark Lane in November 1853, 1854, and 1855, 17, note.
- Whipping, a punishment for begging without a licence, 53.
- Widows, helpless, mendicity-houses and almshouses recommended for, 145;
- enactment making them chargeable with the support of their children, 227.
- Wild herbs, used as sustenance by the distressed poor, 132.
- Wilkinson, Mr., engaged as architect for the Irish workhouses, 243 note.
- William the Conqueror, design of for bringing Ireland under subjection, 3.
- William the Third opposed by the Roman Catholics of Ireland, 10.
- William IV., death of, 195.
- Witnesses, Commissioners empowered to summon, 334.
- Wool, act against the pulling from living sheep, 32.
- Work to be provided for the destitute poor in workhouses, 225.
- Workhouse, act for erecting one in Dublin in 1703, 35;
- regulations for the government of, 36;
- rate to be levied for the support of, 37.
- —— relief, advantages and disadvantages, as regards Ireland, 134;
- not recommended by the Commissioners of Inquiry, 135.
- Workhouse system recommended for Ireland by G. C. Lewis, 152.
- —— masters in London, testimony of as to the characters and habits of Irish poor, 158.
- —— system of England, doubts whether practicable in Ireland, 169;
- assurance arrived at that it is, 170;
- doubts whether fitted for a test of destitution, ibid.;
- assurance arrived at that it would be more so in Ireland than in England, 171;
- expense occasioned by adopting not likely to be inordinately large, 172.
- —— officers, estimated expenses of salaries for, 209;
- dietaries, order for, 252;
- employment, nature of, 274.
- —— expenditure in the years 1842 to 1846, 323;
- —— accommodation, extreme pressure upon, occasioned by the potato disease, 324;
- necessity for an increase of in 1847, 342, 343;
- auxiliary establishments provided in 1849, 352;
- amount expended in procuring increased, 366;
- extent of, from 1847 to 1851, 377.
- —— hospitals, insufficiency of during the prevalence of the potato disease, 325.
- —— mortality, greatly increased ratio of during the distress of 1846-7, 326.
- Workhouses to be provided in each county, 53;
- recommendation that houses of industry should be made available for, 186;
- estimated expenses of constructing, 209;
- architect engaged to erect, 243;
- number of provided in 1840, 245;
- in 1841, 260;
- number of in operation in 1842, 271;
- cost of up to 1842, 273;
- sanitary state of, 275;
- number in operation in 1843, 282;
- inspection of by the author in 1842, 284;
- amount of government loans for the erection of in 1845, 302.
- Works, useful, recommended as a means of employing the distressed poor in Ireland, 100.
- Young, Arthur, his account of the state of Ireland in 1776-78, 59 et seq.