bargeyns moo, and than it had ben euen and mete. And 24 therfore he that byeth grosse sale, and retayleth, muste nedes be a wynner. And so shalt thou be a loser, if thou sell thy pees, beanes, and fytches together: for than thou sellest grosse sale. And if thou seuer them in thre 28 partes, than thou doest retayle, wherby thou shalte wynne.

37. ¶ Of shepe, and what tyme of the yere the rammes shulde be put to the ewes.

   An housbande can not well thryue by his corne, without he haue other cattell, nor by his cattell, without corne. For els he shall be a byer, a borower, or

Sheep are the most profitable cattle.

a begger. And bycause that shepe in myne opynyon is 4 the mooste profytablest cattell that any man can haue, therfore I pourpose to speake fyrst of shepe. Than fyrst is to be knowen, what tyme thou shalt put thy

Rams and ewes.

rammes to thy ewes; and therin I make a distinction, for 8 euery man maye not put to theyr rammes all at one tyme; for if they doo, there wyll be greate hurte and losse; for that man, that hath the best shepe-pasture for wynter, and soone spryngynge in the begynnynge of the 12 yere, he maye suffre his rammes to goo with his ewes all tymes of the yere, to blyssomme or ryde whan they wyll: but for the comon pasture, it is tyme to put to his

Sept. 14.

rammes at the Exaltation of the holye crosse: for than 16

[Fol. 27.]

the bucke goth to the rut, and so wolde the ramme. But for the common husbande, that hath noo pasture but the common fieldes, it is tyme ynoughe at the feste of saynt Mychaell the archangel. And for the poore 20 housbande of the Peeke, or suche other, that dwell in hylly and hyghe groundes, that haue no pastures, nor common fieldes, but all-onely the comon hethe, Symon and Jude daye is good tyme for theym, and this is the 24 reason why. An ewe goth with lambe .xx. wekes, and shall yeane her lambe in the .xxi. weke; & if she haue not conueniente newe grasse to eate, she maye not gyue her lambe mylke: and for wante of mylke, there be 28 manye lambes perysshed and loste: and also for pouertye, the dammes wyll lacke mylke, and forsake theyr lambes, and soo often tymes they dye bothe in suche harde countreys. 32

38. ¶ To make an ewe to loue her lambe.

   If thy ewe haue mylke, and wyll not loue her lambe, put her in a narowe place made of bordes, or of smothe trouse, a yarde wyde, and put the lambe to her, and

If a ewe

socle it, and yf the ewe smyte the lambe with her 4 heed, bynd her heed with a heye-rope, or a corde, to

[Fol. 27b.]
smite her lamb, tie up her head.

the syde of the penne: and if she wyl not stande syde longe all the lambe,[27] than gyue her a lyttell hey, and tye a dogge by her, that she maye se hym: and 8 this wyll make her to loue her lambe shortely. And if thou haue a lambe deed, wherof the damme hath moche mylke, fley that lambe, and tye that skynne vpon an other lambes backe, that hath a sory damme, with 12 lyttell mylke, and put the good ewe and that lambe to-gether in the penne, and in one houre she wyll loue that lambe; & than mayst thou take thy sory weyke ewe awaye, and put her in an other place: and by this 16 meanes thou mayste fortune to saue her lyfe, and the lambes bothe.

39. ¶ What tyme lambes shulde be wayned.

   In some places they neuer seuer their lambes from theyr dammes, and that is for two causes: One is, in the beste pasture where the rammes goo alwaye with

In the best pastures, lambs wean themselves.

theyr ewes, there it nedeth not, for the dammes wil 4 waxe drye, and wayne theyr lambes theym-selfe. An other cause is, he that hath noo seuerall and sounde

[Fol. 28.]

pasture, to put his lambes vnto whan they shoulde be wayned, he muste eyther sell them, or let them sucke 8 as longe as the dammes wyll suffre theym; and it is a common sayinge, that the lambe shall not rotte, as longe as it souketh, excepte the damme wante meate.

Lambs to be weaned at 16 weeks, or 18.

But he that hath seueral and sounde pasture, it is tyme 12 to wayne theyr lambes, whanne they be .xvi. wekes old, or .xviii. at the farthest, and the better shall the ewe take the ramme agayne. And the poore man of the peeke countreye, and suche other places, where as 16 they vse to mylke theyr ewes, they vse to wayne theyr

In the Peak, lambs are weaned at 12 weeks.

lambes at xii. wekes olde, and to mylke theyr ewes fiue or syxe wekes, &c. But those lambes be neuer soo good as the other that sucke longe, and haue 20 meate ynoughe.

40. ¶ To drawe shepe, and seuer them in dyuers places.

   Than thou grasier, that hast many shepe in thy

Have a large sheep-fold;

pastures, it is conuenient for the to haue a shepefolde made with a good hedge or a pale, the whiche wyll receyue all thy shepe easyly that goo in one pasture, 4 sette betwene two of thy pastures, in a drye place;

[Fol. 28b.]

and adioynynge to the ende of the same, make an

another to hold 90 sheep;

other lyttell folde, that wyll receyue lxxxx. shepe or moo, and bothe those foldes muste haue eyther of 8 theym a gate in-to eyther pasture, and at the ende of that folde make an other lyttell folde, that wyll

and another for 40 sheep.

receyue .xl. shepe or mo, and betwene euery folde a gate. And whan the shepe are in the greate folde, 12 let .xl. of them, or there about, come into the myddle folde, and steke the gate. And than let the shepeherde turne them, and loke them on euery syde, and if he se or fynde any shepe, that nedeth any helpynge or mending 16 for any cause, lette the shepeherde take that shepe with his hoke, and put hym in the lyttell folde. And whan he hath taken all that nedeth any mendyng, than put the other in-to whether pasture he wyll, and let in as 20 many out of the greate folde, and take those that nede any handling, and put them into the lyttell folde. And thus peruse them all tyll he haue doone, and than let the shepeherde go belte, grese, and handel all those that he 24 hath drawen, and than shall not the great flocke be taryed nor kepte from theyr meate: and as he hath mended them, to put them into theyr pasture.

41. ¶ To belte shepe.

[Fol. 29.]

   If any shepe raye or be fyled with dounge about the

How to belt sheep.

the tayle, take a payre of sheres and clyppe it awaye, and cast dry muldes thervpon: and if it be in the heate of the sommer, it wolde be rubbed euer with a lyttell terre, to 4

Have a board to lay a sheep upon.

kepe awaye the flyes. It is necessarye that a shepeherde haue a borde, set fast to the syde of his lyttell folde, to laye his shepe vpon when he handeleth theym, and an hole bored in the borde with an augur, and therin a 8 grayned staffe of two fote longe, to be set fast, to hang

A shepherd wants a dog, a hook, shears, and a tar-box.

his terre-boxe vpon, and than it shall not fall. And a shepeherde shoulde not go without his dogge, his shepe-hoke, a payre of sheres, and his terre-boxe, eyther with 12 hym, or redye at his shepe-folde, and he muste teche his dogge to barke whan he wolde haue hym, to ronne whan he wold haue hym, and to leue ronning whan he wolde haue hym; or els he is not a cunninge shepeherd. The 16 dogge must lerne it, whan he is a whelpe, or els it wyl not be: for it is harde to make an olde dogge to stoupe.

42. ¶ To grease shepe.

How to grease sheep.

   If any sheepe be scabbed, the shepeherde maye perceyue it by the bytynge, rubbyng, or scratchynge with

[Fol. 29b.]

his horne, and mooste commonly the woll wyll ryse, and be thyn or bare in that place: than take hym, and shede 4 the woll with thy fyngers, there as the scab is, and with thy fynger laye a lyttell terre thervpon, and stroke it a lengthe in the bottom of the woll, that it be not seen

Part the wool and put tar on.

aboue. And so shede the woll by and by, and laye a 8 lyttell terre thervppon, tyll thou passe the sore, and than it wyll go no farther.

43. ¶ To medle terre.

How to mix tar.

   Let thy terre be medled with oyle, gose-grease, or capons grease, these three be the beste, for these wyll make the terre to ronne abrode: butter and swynes grease, whan they be molten, are good, soo they be not salte; for 4 terre of hym-selfe is to kene, and is a fretter, and no healer, without it be medled with some of these.

44. ¶ To make brome salue.

   ¶ A medicyne to salue poore mennes shepe, that thynke terre to costely: but I doubte not, but and ryche men

[Fol. 30.]

knowe it, they wolde vse the same. Take a shete ful of

Chop broom small, and boil it;

brome, croppes, leaues, blossomes, and all, and chop 4 them very smal, and than sethe them in a pan of .xx. gallons with rennynge water, tyll it begyn to waxe thycke like a gelly, than take two pounde of shepe suet molten,

add suet and brine;

and a pottell of olde pysse, and as moche bryne made 8 with salte, and put all in-to the sayde panne, and styrre it aboute, and than streyne it thorowe an olde clothe, and putte it in-to what vessell ye wyll, and yf your shepe be

use it warm with a sponge.

newe clypped, make it luke-warme, and than washe your 12 shepe there-with, with a sponge or a pece of an olde mantell, or of faldynge, or suche a softe cloth or woll, for spendynge to moche of your salue. And at all tymes of the yere after, ye may relent it, and nede require: and 16 make wyde sheydes in the woll of the shepe, and anoynt them with it, & it shal heale the scabbe, and kyll the shepe-lyce, and it shall not hurte the woll in the sale therof. And those that be washen wyll not take scabbe 20 after (if they haue sufficient meate); for that is the beste grease that is to a shepe, to grease hym in the mouthe with good meate; the whiche is also a greate saueguarde to the shepe for rottynge, excepte there come myldewes, 24 for he wyl chose the beste, if he haue plentye. And he that hath but a fewe shepe moderate this medicyne accordynge.

45. ¶ If a shepe haue mathes.

Maggots in sheep.

   If a shepe haue mathes, ye shall perceyue it by her bytynge, or fyskynge, or shakyng of her tayle, and mooste commonlye it is moyst and wete: and if it be nyghe vnto the tayle, it is ofte tymes grene, and fyled with his 4

How cured.

dounge: and than the shepeherde muste take a payre of sheres, and clyppe awaye the woll bare to the skynne, and take a handfull of drye moldes, and cast the moldes thervpon to drye vp the wete, and then wype the muldes 8 away, and lay terre there as the mathes were, and a lyttell farther. And thus loke theym euery daye, and mende theym, if they haue nede.

46. ¶ Blyndenes of shepe, and other dyseases, and remedies therfore.

Blindness in sheep.

   There be some shepe that wyll be blynd a season, and yet mende agayn. And if thou put a lytel terre in his eye, he will mende the rather. There be dyuers waters, &

[Fol. 31.]

other medicyns, that wolde mende hym, but this is 4 [the] mooste common medicyne that shepeherdes vse.

47. ¶ The worme in the shepes fote, and helpe therfore.

   There be some shepe, that hath a worme in his foote,

Worms in a sheep’s foot.

that maketh hym halte. Take that shepe, and loke betwene his clese, and there is a lyttell hole, as moche as a greatte pynnes heed, and therin groweth fyue or syxe 4 blacke heares, lyke an inche long and more; take a sharpe poynted knyfe, and slytte the skynne a quarter of an inche long aboue the hole and as moche benethe, and put thy

How cured.

one hande in the holowe of the fote, vnder the hinder 8 clese, and set thy thombe aboue almooste at the slytte, and thruste thy fyngers vnderneth forward, and with thy other hand take the blacke heares by the ende, or with thy knyues poynte, and pull the heares a lyttell and a 12 lyttell, and thruste after thy other hande, with thy fynger and thy thombe, and there wyll come oute a worme lyke a pece of fleshe, nygh as moche as a lyttel fynger. And whan it is out, put a lyttel tarre into the hole, and it wyll 16 be shortely hole.

[Fol. 31b.]

48. ¶ The blode, and remedy if one come betyme.

   There is a sicknes among shepe, and is called the

‘The blood’ in sheep.

bloude; that shepe, that hath that, wil dye sodeinly, and er he dye, he wil stande stil, and hange downe the heed, & other-while quake. If the shepeherde can espye 4 hym, let him take and rubbe hym about the heed, & specyally about his eares, and vnder his eyen, & with

Cut off the sheep’s ears.

a knyfe cut of his eares in the middes, & also let hym blode in a veyne vnder his eien: and if he blede wel, 8 he is lyke to lyue; and if he blede not, than kil him, and saue his fleshe. For if he dye by hym-selfe, the flesshe is loste, and the skyn wyll be ferre ruddyer, lyke blode, more than an other skynne shall be. And it taketh 12 mooste commonly the fattest and best lykynge.

49. ¶ The pockes, and remedy therfore.

Pocks in sheep.

   The pockes appere vppon the skyn, and are lyke reed pymples, as brode as a farthynge, and therof wyll dye many. And the remedy therfore is, to handle all thy shepe, and to loke on euery parte of theyr bodyes: and 4

[Fol. 32.]

as many as ye fynde taken therwith, put them in fresshe newe grasse, and kepe them fro theyr felowes, and to loke thy flocke ofte, and drawe theym as they nede. And

Wash them.

if it be in sommer tyme, that there be no froste, than 8 washe them. Howe be it some shepeherdes haue other medycines.

50. ¶ The wode euyll, and remedy therfore.

   There is a sickenes among shepe, and is called the

‘Wood-evil’ in sheep.

wode euyll, and that cometh in the sprynge of the yere, and takethe them moste commonly in the legges, or in the necke, and maketh them to halt, and to holde theyr 4 necke awry. And the mooste parte that haue that sicknes, wyl dye shortely in a day or two. The best remedy is,

Wash them and change their pasture.

to wasshe theym a lyttell, and to chaunge theyr grounde, and to bryng them to lowe grounde and freshe grasse. 8 And that sycknes is moste commonly on hylly grounde, ley grounde, and ferny grounde, And some men vse to let them bloudde vnder the eye in a vaine for the same cause.

51. ¶ To washe shepe.

Wash and shear sheep in June.

   In June is tyme to shere shepe, and er they be shorne, they muste be very well wasshen, the whiche shall be to the owner great profyte in the sale of his woll, and also to

[Fol. 32b.]

the clothe-maker; but yet beware, that thou put not to many 4 shepe in a penne at one tyme, neyther at the washyng, nor at the sheryng, for feare of murtheryng or ouer-pressyng of their felowes, and that none go awaye, tyll he be cleane washen, and se that they that hold the shepe by 8 the heed in the water, holde his heed hye ynoughe for drownynge.

52. ¶ To shere shepe.

How to shear sheep.

   Take hede of the sherers, for touchynge the shepe with the sheres, and specially for pryckyng with the poynte of the sheres, and that the shepeherde be alway redy with his tarboxe to salue them. And se that they be well 4

Mark them well.

marked, bothe eare-marke, pitche-marke, and radel-marke, and let the wol be well folden or wounden with a woll-wynder, that can good skyll therof, the whiche shal do moche good in the sale of the same. 8

53. ¶ To drawe and seuer the badde shepe from the good.

Separate the sheep into flocks.

   Whan thou haste all shorne thy shepe, it is than best tyme to drawe them, and soo seuer theym in dyuers sortes;

[Fol. 33.]

the shepe that thou wylte fede by them-selfe, the ewes by theym-selfe, the share-hogges and theyues by them-selfe, 4 the lambes by theym-selfe, wedders and the rammes by them-self, if thou haue soo many pastures for them: for the byggest wyll beate the weikeste with his heed. And of

Put those of one kind together.

euery sort of shepe, it may fortune there be some, that 8 like not and be weike; those wolde be put in freshe grasse by theym-selfe: and whan they be a lyttel mended, than sel them, and ofte chaunge of grasse shal mend all 12 maner of cattell.

54. What thynges rotteth shepe.

   It is necessary that a shepeherde shoulde knowe what thynge rotteth shepe, that he myght kepe them the

Spear-wort.

better. Ther is a grasse called sperewort, and hath a long narowe leafe, lyke a spere-heed, and it wyll growe 4 a fote hyghe, and beareth a yelowe floure, as brode as a peny, and it growethe alwaye in lowe places where the water is vsed to stande in wynter. An other grasse is

Penny-grass.

called peny-grasse, and groweth lowe by the erthe in a 8 marsshe grounde, and hath a leafe as brode as a peny of two pens, and neuer beareth floure. All maner of grasse, that the lande-floudde renneth ouer, is verye ylle for shepe, bycause of the sande and fylthe that stycketh 12 vppon it. All marreys grounde, and marsche grounde is yll for shepe; the grasse that groweth vppon falowes is not good for shepe; for there is moche of it wede, and ofte tymes it commeth vppe by the rote, and that bryngeth 16 erthe with it, and they eate both, &c. Myldewe-grasse is not good for shepe, and that ye shall knowe two wayes. One is by the leaues on the trees in the mornynge, and specyally of okes; take the leaues, and putte 20 thy tonge to them, and thou shalt fele lyke hony vppon them. And also there wyll be many kelles vppon the grasse, and that causeth the myldewe. Wherfore they may not well be let out of the folde tyll the sonne haue 24 domynation to drye them awaye. Also hunger-rotte is the worst rotte that can be, for there is neither good flesshe nor good skynne, and that cometh for lacke of meate, and so for hunger they eate suche as they can 28 fynde: and so will not pasture-shepe, for they selden rot but with myldewes, and than wyll they haue moch talowe and fleshe, and a good skyn. Also white snailes be yll for shepe in pastures, and in falowes. There 32 is an other rotte, whiche is called pelte-rotte, and that commeth of greatte wete, specyally in woode countreyes, where they can not drye.

55. ¶ To knowe a rotten shepe dyuers maner wayes, wherof some of them wyll not fayle.

How to know rotten sheep.

   Take bothe your handes, and twyrle vpon his eye, and if he be ruddy, and haue reed stryndes in the white of the eye, than he is sounde; and if the eye be white, lyke talowe, and the stryndes darke-coloured, thanne he is 4 rotten. And also take the shepe, and open the wolle on the syde, and yf the skynne be of ruddy colour and drye, than is he sounde; and if it be pale-coloured, and watrye, thanne is he rotten. Also whanne ye haue 8 opened the woll on the syde, take a lyttell of the woll bytwene thy fynger and thy thombe, and pull it a lyttell, and if it sticke faste, he is sounde, and if it comme lyghtely of, he is rotten. Also whan thou haste kylde a 12 shepe, his belly wyll be full of water, if he be sore rotten, and also the fatte of the fleshe wyll be yelowe, if he be rotten. And also if thou cut the lyuer, therin wyll be lyttell quikens lyke flokes, and also the lyuer 16 wyll be full of knottes and whyte blysters, yf he be rotten; and also sethe the lyuer, if he be rotten it wyll breke in peces, and if he be sounde, it wyll holde together. 20

56. ¶ To bye leane cattell.

   These housbandes, if they shall well thryue, they muste haue bothe kye, oxen, horses, mares, and yonge cattell, and to rere and brede euery yere some calues,

How to buy oxen.

and fools, or els shall he be a byer. And yf thou shalte 4 by oxen for the ploughe, se that they be yonge, and not gowty, nor broken of heare, neyther of tayle, nor of pysell. And yf thou bye kye to the payle, se that

How to buy cows.

they be yonge and good to mylke, and fede her calues 8 wel. And if thou bye kye or oxen to feede, the yonger they be, the rather they wyll fede; but loke well, that the heare stare not, and that he lycke hym-selfe, and be hoole-mouthed, and want no tethe. And thoughe he 12 haue the goute and be broken, bothe of tayle and pysell, yet wyll he fede. But the gouty oxe wyll not

How to choose an ox.

be dryuen ferre; and se that he haue a brode ryb, and a thycke hyde, and to be lose-skinned, that it stycke not 16 harde nor streyte to his rybbes, for than he wyll not fede.

57. ¶ To bye fatte cattell.

How to buy fat cattle.

   If thou shalte bye fatte oxen or kye, handel them, and se that they be soft on the fore-croppe, behynde the shulder, and vpon the hindermost rybbe, and upon the hucbone, and the nache by the tayle. And se 4 the oxe haue a greate codde, and the cowe great nauyll, for than it shulde seme that they shuld be wel

See where, and of whom, you buy.

talowed. And take hede, where thou byeste any leane cattel or fat, and of whom, and where it was bred. For 8 if thou by out of a better ground than thou haste thy-selfe, that cattell wyll not lyke with the. And also loke, that there be no maner of sycknes amonge the cattell in that towneshyp or pasture that thou byest thy 12 catel oute of. For if there be any murren or longe sought, it is great ieoperdy: for a beast maye take sycknes ten or .xii. dayes or more, ere it appere on hym.

58. ¶ Dyuers sycnesses of cattell, and remedies therfore, and fyrst of murren.

Murrain.

   And yf it fortune to fall murren amonge thy beastes, as god forbede, there be men ynough can helpe them.

[Fol. 35b.]

And it commeth of a ranknes of bloudde, and appereth moste commonly fyrste in the heed; for his heed wyll 4 swell, and his eyen waxe greate and ronne of water and frothe at the mouthe, and than he is paste remedy, and wyl dye shortely, and wyll neuer eate after he be

Flay the dead beast, and bury it.

sycke. Than flee him, and make a depe pytte faste by, 8 there as he dyeth, and caste hym in, and couer hym with erthe, that noo dogges may come to the caryen. For as many beastes as feleth the smelle of that caryen, are lykely to be enfecte; and take the skynne, and haue it 12 to the tanners to sell, and bryng it not home, for peryll that may fal. And it is commonly vsed, and cometh of

Set the beast’s head, on a pole, in the hedge.

a greate charytie, to take the bare heed of the same beaste and put vpon a longe pole, and set it in a hedge, faste 16 bounden to a stake, by the hyghe-waye syde, that euerye man, that rydethe or goeth that waye, maye se and knowe by that signe, that there is sycknes of cattell in the towneshyp. And the husbandes holde an opynyon, that it shall 20 the rather cease. And whanne the beaste is flaine, there as the murren dothe appere bytwene the flesshe and the skynne, it wyll ryse vppe lyke a ielly and frothe an inche depe or more. And this is the remedy for the murren. 24 Take a smalle curteyne-corde, and bynde it harde aboute the beastes necke, and that wyll cause the bloudde to come in-to the necke, and on eyther syde of the necke there is a vayne that a man may fele with his fynger; and 28 than take a bloud-yren, and set it streight vppon the vayne, and smyte him bloudde on bothe sydes, and let hym blede the mountenaunce of a pynte or nyghe it, and than take awaye the corde, and it wyll staunche bleding. 32 And thus serue all thy cattell, that be in that close or pasture, and there shall no mo be sicke, by goddes leue.

59. ¶ Longe sought, and remedy therefore.

   There is an nother maner of sycknesse among bestes,

‘Long sought.’

and it is called longe soughte; and that sickenes wyl endure long, and ye shal perceyue it by his hoystynge; he wyl stande moche, and eate but a littel, and waxe very 4

The beast coughs 20 times an hour.

holowe & thin. And he wil hoyst .xx. times in an houre, and but fewe of them do mende. The best remedy is to kepe thy cattell in sondrye places, and as many as were in companye with that beast that fyrst fell sycke, to let 8

[Fol. 36b.]

them a lyttel bloude. And there be many men, that can

Cut the dewlap.

seuer them, and that is to cutte the dewlappe before, and there is a grasse that is called feitergrasse, take that grasse, and broyse it a lyttell in a morter, and thanne put 12 therof as moche as an hennes egge in-to the sayd dewlappe, and se it fall not oute. Thus I have seen vsed, and men haue thought it hath done good.

60. ¶ Dewbolne,[28] and the harde remedy therfore.

   An other dysease amonge beastes is called dewbolne,[28] and that commeth whan a hungry beaste is put in a good pasture full of ranke grasse, he wyll eate soo moche that his sydes wyll stande as hygh as his backe-bone, 4 and other-whyle the one syde more thanne the other, and but fewe of them wyll dye; but he maye not be dryuen hastely, nor laboured, being so swollen, and the substaunce of it is but wynde; and therfore 8 he wolde be softly dryuen, and not sytte downe. Howe be it I haue seen a manne take a knyfe, and thruste hym thorowe the skynne and the flesshe two inches depe, or more, vi. inches or more from the ridge-bone, that the 12 wynde maye come out. For the wynde lyeth bytwene the fleshe and the grete paunche.

61. ¶ Rysen vpon, and the remedy therfore.

‘Risen upon.’

   An other dysease is called rysen vppon, and no man can tell howe, nor wherof it cometh: but ye shall perceyue that by swellynge in the heed, and specyallye by

The beast’s eyes run.

the eyen, for they wyll ronne on water, and close his 4 syght; and wyll dye shortly within an houre or two, if he be not holpen. This is the cause of his dysease. There is a blyster rysen vnder the tounge, the whiche blyster must be slytte with a knyfe a-crosse. Whan ye 8

Find the blister under the tongue, and cut it.

haue pulled out the tongue, rubbe the blyster well with salte, and take an hennes egge, and breake it in the beastes mouthe shell and all, and cast salte to it, and holde vp the bestes heed, that all maye be swalowed 12 downe into the body. But the breakynge of the blyster is the greate helpe, and dryue the beaste a lyttell aboute, and this shall saue hym, by the helpe of Jesu.

62. The turne, and remedy therfor.

[Fol. 37b.]
‘The turn.’

   There be beastes that wyll turne about, whan they eate theyr meate, and wyll not fede, and is great ieoperdy for fallynge in pyttes, dyches, or waters: and

There is a bladder between the brain and brain-pan.

it is bycause that there is a bladder in the foreheed 4 bytwene the brayne-panne and the braynes, the whiche must be taken out, or els he shal neuer mende, but dye at lengthe, and this is the remedy and the greatest cure that can be on a beaste. Take that beast, and cast him 8 downe, and bynde his foure fete together, and with thy thombe, thrust the beast in the foreheed, and where thou fyndest the softest place, there take a knyfe, and cut the skyn, three or foure inches on bothe sides 12 bytwene the hornes, and as moche benethe towarde the nose, and fley it, and turne it vp, and pyn it faste with a pyn, and with a knyfe cut the brayne-pan .ii.

Cut the bone, but not the brain, and take out the bladder.

inches brode, and thre inches longe, but se the knyfe 16 go no deper than the thycknes of the bone for perysshynge of the brayne, and take away the bone, and than shalt thou se a bladder full of water two inches longe and more, take that out, and hurte not the brayne, and 20 thanne let downe the skynne, and sowe it faste there as it was before, and bynde a clothe two or thre folde vpon his foreheed, to kepe it from colde and wete .x. or

[Fol. 38.]

.xii. dayes. And thus haue I seen many mended. But 24 if the beaste be fatte, and any reasonable meate vpon hym, it is best to kyll hym, for than there is but lyttell losse. And if the bladder be vnder the horne, it is past cure. A shepe wyll haue the turne as well as a 28 beast, but I haue seen none mended.

63. The warrybrede, and the remedy therfore.

‘Warrybrede.’

   There be beastes that wyll haue warrybredes in dyuers partes of theyr body and legges, and this is the remedy. Cast hym downe, and bynde his foure fete together, and take a culture, or a payre of tonges, or such an other 4 yren, and take it glowing hote: and if it be a longe warrybrede, sere it of harde by the body, and if it be in the beginninge, and be but flatte, than lay the hot yren vpon it, and sere it to the bare skyn, and it will be 8 hole for euer, be it horse or beast.

64. ¶ The foule, and the remedy therfore.

‘The foul.’

   There be bestes, that wyll haue the foule, and that is betwene the cleese, sometyme before, and sometyme

[Fol. 38b.]

behynde, and it wyll swell, and cause hym to halt, and this is the remedy. Cast hym downe and bind his foure 4

Rub a rope between his claws till he bleeds.

fete together, & take a rope of heare, or a hey-rope, harde wrythen together, and put it betwene his cleese, and drawe the rope to and fro a good season, tyll he blede well, and than laye to it softe made terre, and 8 binde a cloute aboute it, that noo myre nor grauell come betwene the clese: and put hym in a pasture, or let hym stande styll in the house, and he wyll be shortly hole. 12

65. ¶ The goute, without remedy.

The gout.

   There be beastes, that wyll haue the goute, and moste commonly in the hynder fete, and it wyll cause them to halt, and go starkely. And I knewe neuer manne that

No remedy.

coulde helpe it, or fynde remedye therfore, but all-onely 4 to put hym in good grasse, and fede hym.

66. ¶ To rere calues.

To rear calves.

   It is conueniente for a housbande to rere calues, and specyally those that come bytwene Candelmasse and Maye, for that season he may spare mylke beste; and by

[Fol. 39.]

that tyme the calfe shall be wayned, there wyll be grasse 4 ynoughe to put hym vnto. And at winter he wyll be bygge ynoughe to saue hym-selfe amonge other beastes, with a lyttell fauoure. And the damme of the calfe shall bull agayne, and brynge an other by the same time of 8 the yere: and if thou shalt tary tyll after May, the calfe wolde be weyke in wynter, and the damme wolde not bull agayne: but ofte tyme go bareyn. And if thou shalte rere a calfe that commeth after Myghelmasse, it 12 wyll be costly to kepe the calfe all the wynter-season at hey, and the damme at harde meate in the house, as they vse in the playne champyon countrey. And a cowe shall