85, 110, 406
Boundaries, barrows on, 69;
treaties concerning, 338
“Bournes” (= intermittent springs), 96
Bovata (= oxgang), 456
Bow, antiquity of word, 387;
kinds of, 387-90
Bowman, J. E., experiments on yews, 365
Bowstaves, statutes concerning, 390, 391;
from the churchyard yew, 394
Brabourne (Kent), 376, 379
Bradford-on-Avon (Wilts.), 115, 171, 172
Brading (I. of Wight), 165
Bradwell (Essex), 23
Brady, J., on English yew timber, 392
Brahmans, the, and praying towards the East, 217;
respect for fossil ammonites, 307
Braintree (Essex), 454
Braitmaier, Miss M., on gable ornaments, 441
Bramber (Sussex), 78
Bramfield (Suffolk), 123
“Brandgruben,” 276
Brand, John, on tithe-barns, 176;
Birmingham church, 211;
vulgar rites, 243;
curious burial, 245;
funeral feasts, 319;
burial on North side, 343;
Edinburgh burial-ground, 351
Branks (= scolds’ bridles), 163
Branscombe (Devon), stone in churchyard, 41;
headstones, 346
Branxton (Northumberland), 354
Bratton Hill (Wilts.), 433, 434
Bray, W., on church porch at Wotton, 154
Bread, stored in churches, 173
Breedon (Leicester), 104
Brenchley (Kent), 52
Brent Pelham (Herts.), stocks, 165;
deflected chancel, 230
Brent Tor (Devon), 129
Bretasche, or guard-house, 53
Bride-ales, 179
Bridgenorth (Salop), 394
Bridlington (Yorks.), 230, 483 n.
Brigg (Lincs.), 453
Brighston (see Brixton)
Brightlingsea (Essex), 143
Brighton and Hove Archaeological Club, 78
Brighton Museum, 80
Brinklow (Warwick), 76
Bristol, St Mary’s Redcliffe, 199
Britain, early settlements, 105-6
British Association, the, 403, 418, 494
Brittany, lingering paganism in, 29;
crosses and calvaries, 37;
church superstition, 103;
dolmens, 270;
peasantry and thunderbolts, 197;
“wheels of fortune,” 202;
objects in churches, 203;
megaliths, 308;
superstitious customs, 446, 496;
“Pardons,” 482
“Brit-Welsh” caves, 437
Brixton (I. of Wight), 90
Brixworth (Northants.), church, 9, 10;
church crypt, 148
Brompton (London), 208
Bronze Age, relics, 67, 84, 85, 99, 249, 249 n., 257, 274, 290, 311, 418, 419, 433;
moundless graves, 261;
coffins, 274, 278;
horse, 416;
rock-carvings, 421;
oxen, 477, 479, 483
Brook (I. of Wight), 101
Brookland (Kent), 123
Brown, Rev. A. W., on Pytchley burials, 80
Brown, Prof. G. Baldwin, on Romano-British churches, 5;
Reculver, 20;
Dover Castle, 20;
St Martin’s (Canterbury), 22;
Jarrow, 23;
Silchester, 24, 30;
St Martin’s (Leicester), 30;
Earl’s Barton mound, 62;
pagan sites, 99;
Lincolnshire towers, 108, 110;
Eccles- in place-names, 147;
“coenacula,” 148;
orientation of churches, 213
Browne, Sir T., quoted, 201, 267;
on burial customs, 201, 247;
combs in graves, 311;
yew on funeral pyres, 382-3
Brownsover (Warwick), 15
Bruniquel (Tarn-et-Garonne), 421
Brunne, Robert de, on funeral feasts, 319
Brunswick, arms of, 433
Buckland (Kent), 377
Bucklebury (Berks.), 295
Buick, Rev. G. R., discovery at Whitepark Bay, 418
Bulgarian funeral custom, 318
Bull-baiting, 179
Bullen, Rev. R. A., on Constantine church, 41;
charcoal in graves, 289
Bullock, use of term, 465 (see also Oxen)
Bulls, in divination, 435, 483;
in sacrifice, 481;
in folk-lore, 482, 484, 486
Burghcastle (Suffolk), 11
Burghead (Elgin), 299
Burgh-on-the-Sands (Cumberland), 107
Burgundy, burial custom, 296
“Burh,” meaning of term, 55
Burham (Kent), 4
Burial customs, survivals in, 268-323, 490
Burial feasts, 319-21, 419
Burial-grounds, ancient, near Christian churches, 83-6, 262
Burials, in East-and-West position, 80, 83, 243-9, 352;
North-and-South, 244-5, 246;
in barrows, 249-51, 357;
facing the sun, 249-52;
in cemeteries, 262, 263;
in churchyards, 262, 353;
in church, 262;
in upright position, 266;
on hills, 266-7;
without coffins, 271;
in woollen, 278-9;
of unbaptized persons, 302, 351;
of suicides, 351, 352, 357-9;
in open fields, 359
Burials Bill, 1899, 341
Burial Service, the, 315, 318;
modified, 341
Burke, Edmund, quoted, 342
Burlingham St Andrew (Norfolk), 348
Burnham-on-Crouch (Essex), 344
Burn, J., his Parish Registers, cited, 352
Burns, Robert, quoted, 457
Burnsall (Yorks.), 165;
font, 434
Burpham (Sussex), 15, 443 n.
Burrington Camp (Somerset), 258
Burrowes, Stephen, his voyages, 228
Burrows, Mr H. A., on fossil teeth, 308
Bury Fields (Bucks.), 61
Bury St Edmunds (Suffolk), 139
Butler, A. J., on Coptic churches, 221
Butler, Bishop, quoted, 346, 360
Butts, near churchyard, 353;
shooting at, 386;
repair of, 391
Byzantine architecture, 215

Cabot, Sebastian, 199
Caddington (Beds.), 41
Caer Capel (Denbigh), 104
Cae’r Hen Eglwys (Glamorgan), 31
Caerleon-on-Usk (Monmouth), 422
Caerwent (Monmouth), 25
Caesar, on British camps, 89 n.;
on the yew, 362;
British chariots, 421, 422;
the urus, 477;
the Ides of March, 482
Caister (Norfolk), 11
Caistor (Lincs.), Roman camp, 12;
springs, 12, 97
Calcined flints, 292
Calendar, alteration of, 226;
Julian 254
Caligula, and his horse, 439
Calleva Atrebatum (= Silchester), 23
Calvaries of Brittany, 37
Camberwell (London), 206
Camborne (Cornwall), 37
Cambridge, round church, 99;
Emmanuel College, 208;
prehistoric bowstave, 388
Camden, W., on Essex custom, 443
Camels, shoeing of, 470
Campanile, use of, 121;
of old St Paul’s, 148
Cam valley, the, 468
Candles, in graves, 295
Canewdon (Essex), bone in church, 199-200;
battle, 200;
name, 201
Canterbury, churches, 20;
Becket’s shrine, 192;
alinement of cathedral, 230
Canute, his battle with Edmund Ironsides, 200
Cape Colony, 452
Capel Garmon (Denbigh), 104
Capella, orientation to, 221, 259
Capri (Italy), 198
Cardinal points, folk-lore of the, 324-59;
symbolism, 324-59, 404;
Heylyn’s description, 333-4;
in place-names, 339-40
Carew, Richard, on Cornish oxen, 457;
names of oxen, 486
Carnac (France), Mont St Michel, 129;
blessing of oxen, 446;
“Pardon,” 482;
discovery at, 482
Carnarvon, circular churchyards of, 99;
burial at, 312
Carshalton (Surrey), 96
Cartailhac, M. É., on the domestication of the horse, 415
Carthaginians, and temple of Juno, 442
“Carucata,” meaning discussed, 456
Castle Acre (Norfolk), 12
Castles, early, 51-5;
keeps compared with church towers, 107;
mounds, 51-63, 67 (see Moated Mounds)
Cataclew stone, 41
Caterham (Surrey), position of church, 101;
churchyard, 344
Cativolcus, poisoned by yew, 362
Cattle, in the church and churchyard, 186-8;
and yew leaves, 362, 385;
breeds, 453, 455;
Park, 476, 477, 478;
long-horned and short-horned, 478-9;
polled, 479;
black, 480, 483
(see also Oxen)
Caumont, M. de, on deflection of chancels, 231
Cave period, 414, 437;
men of, 439-40
Caves, of France, 308, 411, 412;
of England, 412;
of Spain, 497
Caythorpe (Lincs.), 240
Cedars, in churchyards, 384
Celchyth, Council of, 437
Celtic burials, 276, 299;
horse cult, 433, 441;
pottery, 449, 450
Celtic shorthorn, 476, 479-80
Celts, chariots of the, 421-2
Celts (= stone implements), 79-80, 197, 298, 302
Cemeteries, ancient, 83-6, 262, 299, 353, 354
Centaurs, the, 419
Century Dictionary, cited, 363
Cerithium (= fossil shell), 308
Cerne Abbas (Dorset), 96, 427
Ceylon, 309, 452
Chadwell St Mary (Essex), 50
Chagford (Devon), 175
Chained books, in churches, 164
Chaldon (Surrey), 101
Chalk (Kent), 9
Chalk coffin, 351
Chambers, Mr E. K., his Mediaeval Stage referred to, 180;
evolution of ritual and miracle plays, 181-2, 183
Chancels, at East end of church, 205-11;
at West end, 206, 207;
“twisted” or deflected, 229-38, 242, 334;
and rebuilding of church, 233-4, 235
Chapel Carn Brea (Cornwall), 78
Charcoal, in graves, 287, 289-91, 292-3
Chariots, burial of, 276, 429, 430, 431;
early use, 419, 421;
British, 421;
the Latin word discussed, 422
Charlemagne, 263
Charms, teeth, 302, 305;
yew, 396, 397, 399
Charon’s penny, 296
Chart (Kent), 167
Chartley (Staffs.), 477, 478
Charvais (France), 248
Chatham (Kent), 206, 459 n.
Chaucer, his Wife of Bath quoted, 156
Chauncy, Sir H., on orientation, 223
Chedworth (Glos.), 5
Cheltenham (Glos.), 154
Cheriton (Hants.), mound, 74;
spring, 74, 96
Cheriton (Kent), 128
Chertsey (Surrey), 344
Cheshire, scolds’ bridles in, 163
Chesterfield (Derby), 199
Chester-le-Street (Durham), 12
“Chestnuts” of the horse, 411
Chests, church, 168-70, 199, 200
Chichester cathedral, 312 n.
Childeric I, tomb of, 424
Chillingham Park (Northumberland), cattle of, 476, 477
Chilswell Hill (Oxford), 195
Chilworth (Surrey), 131, 269
China, and magnetic needle, 228;
burial custom in, 296;
and eclipses, 397
Chipstead (Surrey), alinement of graves, 230;
deflected chancel, 245;
yew, 377, 379- 405
Chi-Rho monogram, 5, 6, 24
Chisbury (Wilts.), 14
Chislehurst, mound in churchyard, 76-8, 260;
cockpit, 190;
tombstones, 344
Cholesbury (Bucks.), 15
Chollerton (Northumberland), 7
Christchurch (Hants.), 154
Christian cemeteries, early, 80, 247-8, 262, 290
Christianity, early British, 2-3, 23-4, 26, 63, 437, 438, 446;
compromises of, 26-9, 399, 437;
“social theory” of, 133;
burial customs of, 246, 262, 263, 272, 274, 275, 277, 311-12, 316, 317
Christian Malford (Wilts.), 33
Christison, Dr D., 365, 371, 374
Christison, Sir R., on yew-trees, 365, 371, 372, 374, 375;
on Fortingal yew, 375
Christmas, originally a pagan festival, 27;
dancing at, 185;
evergreens at, 402;
tradition respecting oxen, 486
“Christ’s Book,” 168
“Church,” etymology of the word, 145-7;
Greek and Latin equivalents, 146;
Teutonic and Celtic equivalents, 146-7
Church-ales, 175-9
Church armour, 158
Church Barrow, Cranborne Chase, 30
Church Bottom (Cambs.), 30
Church, chancel, 140, 170-1 (see also Chancels)
Church chests, 168-70
Church doors, 143, 156;
position of, 328, 348
Churchdown (Glos.), 103, 104
Churches, on pagan sites, 1-100, 444, 488;
early Christian, in Britain, 2, 23;
of wattle, 3, 23;
Roman materials in, 4, 5, 495;
on sites of Roman villas, 6-9;
in Roman camps, 11-13;
near earthworks, 13-18;
removed by fairies or demons, 17;
near stone-circles, 28, 29 n., 45-8, 86;
near sarsens and megaliths, 34-49, 104;
near moated mounds, 55-63;
near Toot Hills, 60, 69-72;
near barrows, 74-83;
near early cemeteries, 83-6;
near holy wells, 92-7;
round, 99;
on hills, 101-4;
used as beacons, 127-32;