naves of, 132, 154, 170-1, 173, 183;
daily services in, 135;
courts held in, 136-40;
notices on doors, 143-4;
Royal Arms in, 144;
crypts of, 148, 150;
schools in porches of, 152-5;
armour stored in, 157, 159, 160;
dials on walls, 162, 164;
chained books in, 164;
weather-cocks on, 164;
records kept in, 168-70;
Court Rolls kept in, 168-70;
storage of wills in, 170;
of goods, 171-3;
markets held in, 173-4;
banquets, 178-80;
plays held in, 182-3;
animals admitted into, 186-7;
dovecots in, 188, 189;
cock-fighting in, 190;
dedications of, 191, 192;
aerolites and fossils in, 197-9;
eggs in, 202;
wheels of fortune, 202;
orientation of, 205-42;
standing North and South, 206, 207, 208;
supposed development from basilica, 215;
of Norfolk, 222;
of Hants., 222;
of Herts., 223;
deflected chancels of, 229-41;
burial in, 262;
hatchments in, 284;
position with respect to churchyard, 348-9;
“giant’s staff,” 496
Church fabric, secular uses, 101-204, 488-9;
tower, 107-18, 122-5;
nave, 132;
doors, 143, 404;
porch, 143, 152-60;
protection afforded by, 169-70;
repair of, 170
Church fonts, 7, 434
Church-gift, custom, 156
Church-house, armour stored in, 159, 160;
uses of, 175-6, 178-9;
leases respecting, 178
Church, nave of, 132, 154, 170-1, 173, 183
Church porch, baptisms and weddings in, 143;
schools, 152-5;
fireplaces, 154;
galleries, 155;
business, 155-6;
stirrup stones, 157;
armour, 157, 159, 160
Church towers, defensive, 107-18, 122-5, 150;
Saxon, 9, 10, 13, 62, 108-11, 117;
of Lincolnshire, 108-11;
of Gower, 112-13;
of Pembroke, 113-15;
comparison with castle keeps, 115-18;
detached, 122-3;
horse-skulls in, 445
Churchwardens, civil functions of, 142, 157;
and protection of the church and churchyard, 157;
published accounts of, 175, 184, 380, 391, 394;
and church-ales, 176;
responsibility for churchyard, 187
Churchyards, showing false appearance of fortification, 16, 88-91;
raised, 90-1, 372;
circular, 97-8;
meetings in, 139-40;
stocks in, 165;
plays performed in, 182, 183;
markets in, 191-2;
sports in, 196-7;
burials in, 261, 262-3;
yews, 328, 348;
North side disliked, 335;
burials on North side of, 341-52;
with North side wanting, 344;
with South side wanting, 344;
position with regard to the church, 348-9;
unconsecrated, 343, 352;
as playgrounds, 352;
butts erected in, or near, 353;
unenclosed, 354-6;
yews, 360-407;
and shelter trees, 383
Cicero, cited, 70
Cidaris (= fossil echinoderm), 307
Cimbrians, the, and the brazen bull, 482
Cinerary urns, 84, 85
Cinque Ports, the, 137
“Cippi” (= stocks), 167
Cirencester (Glos.), 288
Cists, at Alloa, 275;
in burials, 277
City churches, and their parishes, 235
Civil War, use of mounds during the, 57;
churches used as fortresses during, 118, 496
“Clachan,” 49
Clapham (Bedford), church tower, 111;
re-dedication of church, 233
Clapham (Sussex), 356 n.
Clare, Lord, and oxen, 454
Clark, Mr G. T., on moated mounds, 54, 55;
Earl’s Barton mound, 62;
Irish round towers, 121
Clay-with-Flints, 303
Clee (Lincs.), church tower, 110;
walnut tree in churchyard, 384
Cleethorpes (Lincs.), 110
Clerk-ales, 179
Clerkenwell (London), spring, 96
Cleveland (Yorks.), burial customs, 291, 295
Cley Hill (Wilts.), 194
Cloictechs (= belfries), 120
Cloisters, position of, 329-30
Clovelly (Devon), 496
Clungunford (Salop), 180
Clynnog (N. Wales), 482
Cobbett, William, on raised churchyards, 91;
size of churches, 133
Cobham (Kent), 45
Cochet, M. L’Abbé, on acoustic jars, 447
Cockerington (Lincs.), 137
Cock-fighting, in churches, 190
“Coenacula” (= upper rooms), 148
Coffins, use of, 271-7;
stone, 271-2, 309;
wooden, 271, 272;
leaden, 271, 273, 274 n.;
of tree trunks, 273, 274, 275;
objects placed in, 309;
filled with shells, 309;
of chalk, 351
Coifi, destruction of heathen temple by, 436
Coins, placed in graves, 274, 295-8, 310;
early British, 434;
Athenian, 481
Coke, Lord, on agriculture, 468
Colchester, Museum, 84;
Archdeaconry of, 187;
leaden coffins at, 272, 273
Coldred (Kent), 15
Coleshill (Warwick), 353
Coliseum, the (Rome), 451
“Collis Credulitatis,” 65
Columbaria, or culver-houses, 188
Combs, in graves, 310-11
Compass, early use of mariner’s, 228;
points of, as determined by the Arabs and Eskimos, 326
Conciones (= assemblies), 383, 403
Congress of Archaeological Societies, on earthworks, 14
Conington, Prof. J., on the Carthaginians, 442
Consistory Courts, 138-9
Constantine (Cornwall), ruined church, 31, 41
Constantine, Emperor, 2, 274
Constantinople, 186
Continuity, of tradition, 3, 86, 106;
of sites, 3, 10, 23, 42, 80, 86-7, 95, 99;
in burial customs, 279, 313, 317
Conulus (= fossil echinoderm), 303
Conway, Mr M. C., on Lord Palmerston’s funeral, 310
Conwenz, Prof. H., on “yew” in place-names, 403
Coombe (Sussex), 78
Coote, H. C., on yew superstitions, 399
Copenhagen, siege of, 439
Copenhagen (= Wellington’s horse), 432
Coppes (= stocks), 167
Coptic churches, 220
Corbett, Mr W. I., on shoeing oxen, 468
Corbridge (Northumberland), 107
Cordiner, C., on Benachie church, 48
Corfe Castle (Dorset), 52, 53
Corhampton (Hants.), mound, 74;
sundial, 162
Corn, burnt on graves, 318
Corn gods, 318, 436, 440 n.
Corn spirit (see under Corn gods)
Cornwall, crosses of, 36, 46-7;
megaliths, 48, 253, 308;
holy wells, 92, 96-7;
churches with double dedications, 234;
prehistoric monuments, 253, 256;
burial custom, 310;
teeth superstition, 322;
use of oxen in, 457, 486
Coronation Stone, the, 43
Coulsdon (Surrey), 101
Councils, of Arles, 2;
Milan, 212;
Celchyth, 437
Countisbury (Devon), 345
County Courts, 136
Court of Arches, 138
Courts, held in churches, 65, 136-8, 140;
rolls of, kept in churches, 168
Coventry, St Michael’s church, 230;
St Mary’s church, 230
Coverdale, Miles, on symbolism of cardinal points, 337-8
Cowries, 296, 308
“Cow-souls” (= shells in Lappish graves), 309
Cox, Mr J., chipped celt, 80
Cox, Dr J. C., on Hathersage earthwork, 16;
Abinger mound, 63;
church armour, 159, 284;
plays in churches, 181, 183;
secular drama, 183;
horn dancers, 185;
deflection in churches, 235, 236
Crag (geological formation), 308
Cranborne Chase, barrow, 30;
discoveries in, 105, 296;
yews, 392, 403;
horseshoes, 424, 428
Crawley, Mr A. E., his Idea of the Soul, cited, 282
Creçy (France), 389
Cremation, early, 260, 275;
disuse of, 275-6, 277;
Macrobius on, 276;
ceremonies, 290, 316
Cressets, on churches, 162
Crinan (Argyle), 299
Cro-Magnon (France), 415
Cromlech, use of term, 28, 34;
near churches, 45, 48, 49;
theories concerning, 98, 253-8;
as places of assembly, 98;
developments from, 270
(see also Stone-circles)
Cronks (= toot-hills), 71
Crooke, Mr W., on research, 494
Cross-bow, antiquity of, 385-9;
description, 387;
later history, 389-90
Crosses, of Devon and Cornwall, 36;
Bewcastle, 87;
evolution of, 270;
wooden, 312, 347;
churchyard, 328, 348;
Bakewell, 329;
preaching, 353;
symbolism, 357, 358
Crossing, Mr W., on crosses of Dartmoor, 36
Cross-roads, burials at, 357-9
Crowhurst (Surrey), 377, 378, 404
Crowhurst (Sussex), 377
Crowle (Lincs.), 165
Croyland (Lincs.), 480
Crozier, in graves, 312
Crypts, 148, 150, 216 n.
Crystal balls, in Saxon graves, 299-300
Cublington (Bucks.), 59
Cudham (Kent), 101
Cues, 471, 472-3
Cult of the horse, the, 408-51
Cultivation, ancient, 460, 497
Culver-houses, 188
Cupar-Angus (Perth), 12
Cuxton (Kent), 4
Cybele, image of, 198
Cycles, in astronomy, 256
Cymbeline, quoted, 246
Cypress, the, in Greece, 383;
Rome, 383;
in English churchyards, 384;
in Southern Europe, 401
Cyrus, king of the Persians, 433
Czechs, burial custom of the, 287

Dale, Mr W., on Mottestone menhir, 45;
Twyford stones, 45
Danby-in-Cleveland (Yorks.); charcoal in graves, 289;
funeral feasts, 319;
burial-mounds, 357
Dancing, in churches, 183-5;
at Easter, 185;
at Christmas, 185
Danes, and white horses, 435;
and horseflesh, 439
Danes’ Graves, 71, 261
Daniel, praying towards Jerusalem, 218
Danish invasion, in Yorkshire, 108;
in Lincolnshire, 108-11;
in Ireland, 122;
and Irish round towers, 122;
in Essex, 200
Darenth (Kent), 428, 429
Darley (Derby), armour stored in church, 159;
yew-tree, 369, 376, 403;
British dwellings, 403
David, his cavalry and chariots, 420
Dawkins, Prof. W. Boyd, on horse remains in caves, 417-18;
long-horned cattle, 479
Dawns Mên (Cornwall), 256
Day spring, day star, 220
De Candolle, Augustin de, on age of yews, 364, 365, 366, 368, 369, 371, 375;
his Physiologie végétale, 370;
Fortingal yew, 375;
Brabourne yew, 376;
Fountains yew, 377
Deccan, meaning of the word, 326
Declination of magnetic needle, 228
Deddington (Oxford), 272 n.
Dedication festivals, 191, 192
Dedications of churches, to St Michael, 129;
lost, 191;
connection with alinements, 209, 225-6, 227, 234-5;
double, 234-5
Defensive towers, 107-18, 150
Deflected chancels, theories concerning, 232-9;
and rebuilding of church, 232-4, 237;
and double dedications, 234-5;
symbolism of, 235-7;
aesthetical explanation, 238-41
Defoe, Daniel, on carriage oxen, 484, 484 n.
De Groot, J. J. M., on Chinese burial custom, 296
De Henley (see Walter de Henley)
Deiseal, the, 330
Dekker, Thomas, on the yew, 382
De Montfaucon, Father B., on ancient gem, 318;
early horseshoe, 424, 424 n.
Denbighshire, circular churchyards of, 99
Denford (Northants.), 448
Denmark, horse sacrifices in, 435;
acoustic jars found in, 447
Dentalium (= marine shell), 308
Denton (Sussex), 345
Derbyshire, church quarrel, 187;
teeth superstition, 322
Deritend (Birmingham), 211
Detached towers, 122-3
Devenish (Fermanagh), 118, 119
Devil’s Door, 18, 331, 332, 336;
Dykes, 18;
Highways, 18;
Nightcap, 36
Devon, crosses of, 36;
church towers of, 118;
tombstones, 275;
teeth superstition, 322;
skull superstition, 444;
oxen, 454
Dexter, dexterous, meaning of, 326, 327
Diabolism, 18, 83, 103
Dials (see Sundials)
Diana, supposed temple in London, 43;
image of, 198
Didron, M. É., on acoustic jars, 447
Diocletian persecution, the, 274
Dionysos, and Yule-tide, 27
Ditchling (Sussex), use of oxen, 455;
shoeing of oxen, 469, 473
Dithmar, Bishop of Mersburg, 435
Divination, 327, 402, 434, 435