Dode (Kent), 40
Dog, domestication of the, 415
Dogs, in churches, 189-90
“Dog-souls” (= shells in Lappish graves), 309
Dog tongs, 169, 190
Dog-whippers, 189, 190
Dolmens, 28, 34;
developments from, 270
Domesday Book, place-names, 33, 45;
and traditions, 375;
respecting yews, 375, 377;
horseshoes, 426;
oxen, 455-6, 458
Dominicum, meaning of word, 147
Domville, Silas (see Taylor, Silas)
Donative (= church outside episcopal jurisdiction), 132
Donington (Salop), 95
Donner-stral (= thunder-stone), 198
Doom-rings (= stone-circles), 65
Dooms, over church gateways, 336
Doors, church, notices on, 143;
baptisms at, 143;
marriages at, 143, 156;
position of, 348, 349
Doorward, the, 149
Dorchester (Dorset), 402;
Roman ash-pits, 468
Dorset, burials, 264, 288, 307;
employment of oxen in, 452, 454, 458
Douglas, J., his Nenia Britannica, 288, 289, 307;
fossil belemnites, 307
Doulting (Somerset), 95
Dovecots, in churches and churchyards, 188
Dover Castle, church at, 19, 20;
pharos, 19, 20
Down (Kent), 101
Downton (Wilts.), moot-hill, 64;
horse-burial, 431
Doyle, Sir A. Conan, quoted, 391
Drax, Col., on fossils found in Dorset barrow, 307
Drontheim (Norway), 433
Droxford (Hants.), 250 n.
Druids, and the Agglestone, 36;
circles of, 98;
as astronomers, 254, 257;
and yew-trees, 400, 401;
persistence of, 402
Dryburgh (Berwick), 372
Dryden, on the yew, 382;
translation of Virgil, 442
Duddingston (Midlothian), 157
Duddo (Northumberland), 426
Duff, Sir Mountstuart Grant, on Burgundian burial custom, 296
Dufour, M. L’Abbé V., translation of Keysler, 435 n., 438;
on horseflesh, 438-9
Duggleby Howe (Yorks.), 66
“Dug-out” coffins, 275, 278
Duguesclin, Bertrand, burial of, 431
Duloe (Cornwall), 48
“Dumb borsholder” (= court mace), 167, 496
Dun Cow of Warwick, 199, 485
Dungiven (co. Derry), 93
Dunsfold (Surrey), 221 n.
Dunsley (Yorks.), 289
Dunstable Downs (Beds.), 303
Dunston pillar (Lincoln), 130
Dupont, M., on shells found in caverns, 308
Durandus, on eggs in churches, 202;
on word “temple,” 210-11;
orientation of churches, 211, 224, 226;
editors of, 231;
orientation of graves, 243;
charcoal in graves, 291, 292;
evergreens at funerals, 291 n., 323;
reading of the Gospel, 337;
burial out of sanctuary, 353, 353 n.;
graveyards, 353
Durham, cathedral, court held in, 138;
St Cuthbert’s grave, 311;
Abbey, 459
Dymond, Mr C. W., on Stanton Drew circle, 46

Earle, John, quoted, 268
Earl’s Barton (Northants.), 62
Early Iron Age, 248, 249, 257, 261, 283, 312, 429, 433, 483
Earth-burial (see Inhumation)
“Earth-to-earth,” discussion of phrase, 315-16
Earthwork of England, cited, 14
Earthworks, churches near, 13-18;
classification, 14, 15, 16, 495;
Mediaeval, 16,  60, 89;
fairs held in, 193;
sports in, 193-4;
superstitions concerning, 195-6;
alinement of, 252, 258-9
Easington (Yorks.), 274
East, prayer towards the, 212, 214, 217;
orientation to, 214-24;
symbolism respecting, 217, 224;
Welsh superstition, 246;
as cardinal point, 326, 327;
in place-names, 339, 340
East-and-West burial, 80, 83, 243-9
(see also Orientation)
East Bedfont (Middlesex), 384
East Blatchington (Sussex), 79
Eastbourne (Sussex), 430
East Cardinham (Cornwall), 37
East Dean (Sussex), discovery at, 80;
church tower, 125
East Dereham (Norfolk), 97
Easter, feasts, 180, 255;
Passion Plays, 180-1;
dances, 185;
eggs, 202
East Harling (Norfolk), 448
East Ilsley (Berks.), 454
Eastville (Lincs.), 206
East Wellow (Hants.), 201
Ebchester (Durham), 12
Ecclesfield (Yorks.), name, 147;
church porch, 155;
burial on North side, 342
Eccleshall (Staffs.), 147
Ecclesia, meaning of word, 146, 148;
in place-names, 147
Ecclesiastes, cited, 337
Eccleston (Cheshire), 82 n.
Eccleston (Lancs.), 147
Echinocorys ovatus, 303
Echinoderms, fossil, 302-4, 309
Echternach (Luxembourg), 185
Eclipses, 397
Eddas, the, cited, 328
Edenbridge (Kent), 425, 426
Edgar, injunction of, 187
Edinburgh, graveyard, 351;
Bristol Street meeting-house, 445
Edlingham (Northumberland), 107
Edlington (Lincs.), 157
Edmund Ironsides, battle with Canute, 200
Edward the Confessor, 108
Edward VII, funeral of, 432
Efenechtyd (Denbigh), 98
Eggs, in churches, 202;
Easter, 202
Egypt, churches of, 220;
temples of, 221-2, 239, 254;
the horse in, 420;
horse-head custom, 440;
paintings on sepulchres, 481;
ox-worship, 484
Eisteddfod, its aims, 98;
stone-circles erected at, 98, 256
Ekkehard, the Younger, grace written by, 438
Elkstone (Glos.), 188
Elms, experiment on, 366-7;
in churchyards, 384, 385
Elsdon (Northumberland), 445, 446
Elton, Mr C. I., on amber ornaments, 301;
hive bees in Ireland, 395
Ely cathedral, market in, 192;
deflection, 230
Enclosure Act, of 1811, 141
Encrinites, fossil, 308
Enfield Chase, 162
English Dialect Dictionary, quoted, 473
Enisheim (Alsace-Lorraine), 198
Entasis, of spires, 239, 240
Eocene ancestors of the horse, 408-9
Eostre (deity), 195
Epistle, the, read from South side, 337
Epworth (Lincs.), 342
Equinoxes, orientation at, 211, 222, 229, 237, 241, 256, 258
Equus, genus, 411;
prejevalskii, 413, 416;
caballus, 417
Esgor, Welsh church of, 398
Eskimos, and the points of the compass, 326
Essex, Roman remains in church walls, 4;
animals in churches and churchyards, 186, 187;
oxen, 454
Ethelbert, conversion of, 26
Evans, Sir A. J., on cremation and inhumation, 276
Evans, Sir J., on tumulus in Flanders, 283;
perforated hammer from Wiltshire, 305;
Saxon necklace, 307;
Roman cross-bow, 387
Evelyn, John, taught in a church porch, 153;
on Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 208;
funeral custom, 310;
Woldingham church, 355;
Brabourne yew, 376;
Scottshall yew, 378
Evergreens, at funerals, 291 n., 323;
on graves, 400
Eversley (Hants.), 345
Evesham (Worcester), 122
Evolution of the English House, cited, 71
Evolution of Irish round towers, 120
Ewart, Prof. H. Cossar, on the ancestry of the horse, 408;
cave horses, 413;
wild horses, 418 n.
Excommunicated persons, burial of, 351
Exeter, St Mary Major, 9, 206;
Synod of, 140, 196, 383
Eynesford (Kent), 38, 272
Ezekiel, and the sun-worshippers, 218

“Facing the sun theory,” 249-52
Fairford (Glos.), 288
Fairies, 103, 104, 106, 196
Fairs, miracle plays performed at, 183;
dates of, 191;
held in earthworks, 193;
and Gorsedds, 193;
of the “May-Year,” 193;
near yew-trees, 404
Fairwell (Staffs.), 448
“Fairy loaf” (= fossil echinoderm), 303
Fairy’s Toot (Staffs.), 71
Fairy tales, 440
Falmer (Sussex), position of church, 101;
churchyard, 344;
oxen employed at, 454, 455
Faringdon, or Farington (Hants.), 344
Faversham (Kent), 79
“Feld-cirice” (= field-church), 354
Fergusson, J., on Mediaeval municipal buildings, 137;
orientation of churches, 213, 215, 216;
development of early churches, 215;
on St Ouen, 237
Fermanagh (Ireland), 361
Ferrara (Italy), 216
Ferring (Sussex), 496
Festivals, pagan, 27, 195, 255, 435;
plural, for one saint, 225-6
Fewston (Yorks.), 52
Ffynnon Baglan (Carnarvon), 94
Ffynnon Beris (Carnarvon), 94
“Fig Sunday” (= Palm Sunday), 194
Fiji, burial customs, 247
Fimber (Yorks.), 78
Finglas (co. Dublin), 395
Finmark, 228
Finns, burial custom, 429
Finntann, and the king of Tara, 402
Fire-engines, in churches, 163
Fire-kindlers, in barrows, 285-6, 293, 294, 313
Fireplaces, in churches, 154, 188
Fitzherbert, Sir Anthony, on ox-bows, 462;
beef as food, 466;
comparison of horse and ox, 466;
shoeing horses and oxen, 470, 471
Fitzstephen (see William Fitzstephen)
Flanders, tumulus in, 283
Fleming, J., on hippo-sandals, 428
Fletcher, Mr H. P., on orientation, 209
Flint, implements, in churchyards, 79, 80;
in barrows, 283;
chips, in graves 285-6, 291-3;
in Saxon and British barrows, 285, 305, 315;
works, 375
Flintshire, circular churchyards of, 99
Florence Court yew, 361
Flowers, on graves, 322-3
Fluor spar, in graves, 308
Folk-lore, respecting isolated churches, 17, 103-4, 106;
thunderbolts, 197, 198;
Welsh, 246;
concerning the East, 246;
Scandinavian, 246;
objects in graves, 294-8, 300;
funeral coins, 295-7;
amber, 300-2;
fossils, 302-4, 308;
teeth, 321-2;
of the cardinal points, 324-59, 404;
burial on the North side, 342, 343, 352;
yew, 396-9;
Sclavonic, 397;
of horse, 438, 439;
of horse-skulls, 440-1, 442;
oxen, 473, 475, 481
Folk-memory, concerning graves, 86, 87, 320;
and treasure, 87;
and the Danes, 108, 120;
Civil War, 118;
squints, 149;
earthworks, 194;
church customs, 203, 489;
orientation of graves, 252, 259, 490;
burial of coins, 296;
determination of one’s position, 326;
churchyard yew, 360, 396, 490-1;
and horseshoes, 427;
horse-burial, 431;
horse-skulls, 444;
acoustic jars, 451;
ploughing oxen, 475, 492;
general conclusions, 488-94
Folk-moots, at megaliths, 34, 63;
in stone-circles, 34, 66;
at mounds, 64;
in churches, 66, 148;
of Saxons, 167;
and sacrifices, 438
Food, offered to weapons, 285
Ford (Northumberland), 426, 427
Ford (Sussex), 345
Fordington (Dorset), 80 n.
Forel, Prof. F., 249 n.
Fortingal, or -gale (Perth), 375-6, 379, 403
Fortuna, goddess, 202
Forum, at Silchester, 25
Fossils, at Little Coates, 72;
in churches, 197, 199;
in graves, 302-8
Foulis, Mr W. A., on Inchlonaig, 392 n.
Foundation sacrifices, 83, 444
Fountains Abbey (Yorks.), yews of, 377;
acoustic jars, 448
Fox, Mr G. E., on basilica at Silchester, 24
Fox’s skull, on door, 443;
paws, 443 n.
Fraipoint, M. J., on domestication of the horse, 415
Frampton (Dorset), 5
Frampton (Lincs.), 309
France, church porches, 143;
orientation, 210;
statue-menhirs, 268;
caves of, 308;
burial customs, 311;
sale of horseflesh, 439;
oxen, 452
Francis, Mr J., on Pirton church, 41
Frankfort-on-the-Main, 126
Frankish burials, 283, 285, 290;
burial of chariots, 429;
oxen, 484
Frazer, Prof. J. G., on burial customs, 251, 319, 358;
on animism, 280;
Totemism and Exogamy, cited, 281, 436;
Golden Bough, cited, 400;
harvest customs, 436;
Athenian sacrifices, 484;
Egyptian reverence for the ox, 484
Fream, Dr W., on ancient ploughs, 497
Freeman, E. A., on church towers of Gower, 113;
of South Pembroke, 113, 115;
battle near Canewdon, 200;
place-name Canewdon, 200-1
Freemasons, orientation practised by, 209;
Scotch lodges and orientation of churches, 209;
and magnetic needle, 227,  228
Frensham (Surrey), 178
Freya, prayers to, 28
Friedlander, L., on early Christianity and paganism, 28
Frost, Nicholas, bowyer to Henry IV, 393
Fulstow (Lincs.), traces of earthwork, 16;
pillar cross, 36
Funeral superstitions, 280, 286-7, 292-300;