Saxon, 424, 424 n., 426;
in Domesday Book, 426;
in Northumberland, 426-7;
round, 426, 427-8
Horse-skulls, deemed accursed by the Egyptians, 440;
ceremonies attached to, 440;
offered to Odin, 440;
in magic, 440;
as gable ornaments, 440, 441;
in mythology, 442;
under buildings, 444-5;
in acoustics, 445, 446, 449-51;
sacrifice, 481
Horsley, East and West (Surrey), 340
Houghton-le-Spring (Durham), 272 n.
Housman, Prof. A. E., his Shropshire Lad, quoted, 351
Hove (Sussex), 78, 274
Howden (Yorks.), 168
Howitt, Dr A. W., on Australian burial customs, 252
Howlett, Mr E., on burial of candles in graves, 295
Hudibras, quoted, 257
Hughes, Prof. T. McKenny, on horseshoes, 424
Hull, Miss E., on Irish round towers, 119, 121
“Humanist” school, 280
Hundsjael (= snail shells), 309
Hunmanby (Yorks.), 285, 430
Hurstbourne Tarrant (Hants.), 372
Hutchinson, Miss T., photograph by, 265
Hutchinson, W., on Penrith tomb, 50
Huxley, T. H., on the human skeleton, 90;
on the horse, 408
Huysmans, M. J. K., on deflected chancels, 231;
on “leaning-head theory,” 236
Hydriotaphia, Browne’s, cited, 311
Hyracotherium, 409, 410

Iceland, stone-circles of, 65
Ickleton (Cambs.), 30
Iford (Sussex), 384
Ilford (Essex), 454
“Incense-cups,” 314
Inchlonaig, or Inchconakhead (island in Loch Lomond), 392, 392 n.
India, Christian churches in, 208;
superstition regarding white stones, 299;
burial of suicides, 358;
horse sacrifice, 434;
oxen, 467, 482
Ingatestone (Essex), 40
Ingelow, Jean, pet names for cows, 486
Inhumation, practice of, 263, 264, 275, 277, 316;
why introduced, 263
Inn-signs, 433, 485
Inverary (Argyle), 299
Ireland, early Christianity in, 27;
churches on pagan sites, 48, 49, 86;
holy wells, 93, 94;
round towers, 118-22, 123;
stone-circles, 256;
hammers in graves, 294;
“Godstones” in graves, 299;
deiseal, 330;
burial on “wrong side,” 352;
yew-trees of, 394, 395, 403;
hive-bees, 395;
magicians, 401;
epics, 419;
skull superstition, 444;
horse-skull in church, 445;
paganism, 446
Irish yew, the, 361, 406
Iron Age, Early, 248, 249, 257, 261, 283, 312, 429, 433
Iron pyrites, 285, 286
Irving, Dr A., discoveries at Bishops Stortford, 418
Isis, and ox-worship, 484
Islay (Scotland), 294
Isle of Man, Tynwald, 64;
“cronks,” 71;
burial without coffins, 271
Isle of Portland, church-gift custom, 155
Isle of Purbeck, discovery of stone coffins, 275
Isle of Sheppey, 192
Isle of Wight, landmark towers, 130;
graves, 264;
churches, 495
Italy, orientation of churches in, 213, 214;
abbeys of, 330;
holm oak on graves, 401;
use of horse-labour, 468;
horse superstition, 497
Itchenswell (Hants.), 96

Jackson, Mr J. R., on Hensor yew, 376
Japan, sun-worship, 255;
burial of suicides, 358;
yews of, 361
Jarrow, early church, 23;
Bede’s chair, 43;
inscription at, 149
Jars, acoustic, 446-9
Jeaffreson, J. C., on powers of Mediaeval ecclesiastics, 139
Jeans, Rev. G. E., on Mottestone, 45
Jerusalem, orientation towards, 208;
prayer towards, 218
Jesse, Edward, on age of yews, 364
Jessopp, Canon A., on Old Hunstanton mound, 69;
hill-digging, 82;
church treasure, 125-6;
miracle plays, 182
Jet beads, in graves, 300
Jewellery, in graves, 310, 312, 314
Jewitt, L., on grave-mounds, 274;
horseshoes, 424 n.;
chariot-burial, 430
Jews, the, and orientation, 216-20;
burial custom, 317;
symbolism of right and left hand, 326;
and shoeing horses, 472;
on sacrifice, 481
Job, on sun-worship, 218;
and the North, 334;
his description of the war-horse, 420
Johnston, Mr P. M., on Burpham church, 16;
on orientation, 209;
on Bosham church, 495
Joly, Prof. N., on domestication of the horse, 415
Jones, Inigo, church built by, 206
Jones, Prof. Rupert, on Bede’s chair, 43;
burial superstition, 292-3
Jonson, Ben, burial of, 266
Josiah, and priests of Baal, 218
Jossing-blocks, or stirrup stones, 157
Jowett, Prof. B., quoted, 297
“Jugum” (of oxen), 456
Julian calendar, 254
Juno, temple of, 442
Jupiter, and white oxen, 483
Jurby (I. of Man), 71
Justinian, Emperor, on church-building, 353
Jutland, horse-skulls on gables, 441

Kalm, Peter, on raised churchyards, 91;
cattle kept in churchyards, 187
Kalmucks, and the horse, 419
Karnak (Egypt), 221
Kauffmann, Prof. F., on temple of Upsala, 28;
pagan temples, 65;
ancient modes of thought, 204
Keeps, castle, 52, 107
Kells (co. Meath), 119, 120
Kemble, J. M., on bulls in divination, 435
Kemsing (Kent), 40
Kenardington (Kent), 15
Kennett, Dr White, on graves, 244
Kent, churches of, 4;
churchyards, 187;
White Horse of, 433, 435;
“hoodening horse,” 441
Kerdreuff (Brittany), 202
Kerry (Montgomery), 99
Kersal Cell (Lancs.), 377
Kesserloch (Baden), 415 n.
“Kews” (= ox-shoes), 472-3
Keysler, J. G., on inhumation, 263;
chariot-burial, 429;
horse sacrifices, 435;
eating of horseflesh, 436-8
Kil-, prefix in place-names, 33
Kilfowyr (Carmarthen), 33
Kilham (Yorks.), stocks, 165;
Danes’ graves, 248-9, 261
Kilpeck (Hereford), 52, 63
Kilsant (Carmarthen), 33
King Henry IV, Second pt, quoted, 457
King Henry VI, First pt, quoted, 335;
Second pt, 284
Kingly Bottom, or Vale (Sussex), 375, 401
“King’s evil,” 202 n.
Kingsley, Charles, on the North wind, 334;
and Eversley, 345;
Swallowfield yew, 378
Kingusie, or Kingussie (Inverness), 65
Kipling, Mr Rudyard, quoted, 333
Kirby Grindalythe (Yorks.), 354
Kirk-, prefix in place-names, 33;
etymology of, 145-7
Kirkamool (Shetland Isles), 31
Kirkcolm (Wigtown), 33
Kirkdale (Yorks.), 162
Kirk Ella (Yorks.), 33, 165
Kirton-in-Lindsey (Lincs.), 346
Kitchen-midden, near Constantine church, 42
Kitchin, Dean, on Twyford megalith, 45
Knollton (see Knowlton)
Knowles, Mr W. J., on remains of the horse at Whitepark Bay, 418
Knowlton (Dorset), church within earthwork, 13;
yews, 401
Kyre Park (Worcester), 365

Lady of the Lake, quoted, 403
Lake-dwellings, 249 n., 416, 421, 480
La Laugerie (France), 415
Laleston (Glamorgan), 31
La Madelaine cave (France), 412
Lamb-ales, 179
Lambeth (London), 343
Lammas (Norfolk), 230
Lammer-beads (= amber-beads), 301
Lancashire, funeral custom, 318
Lancisi, and the writings of Mercati, 199
Lang, Mr A., on burial of suicides, 358
Langdon, Mr A. G., on the study of Cornish crosses, 36
Langham, Archbishop, on Sunday markets, 192
Langsett (Yorks.), 404
Laniscat (Brittany), 202
Lankester, Sir E. Ray, on the horse, 408
Lapland, heathen customs, 29, 286;
graves, 286, 309
Larousse, Pierre, on burial of clergy, 244
Lascars, burial custom of, 316
Late-Celtic period, cemetery of, 249, 299, 321, 434;
burials, 276, 430;
bucket, 434
La Tène, period of culture, 276
Laud, Archbishop, and tribunals held in churches, 140;
Easter feasts in churches, 180
Laughton-en-le-Morthen (Yorks.), 59, 192
Lavants (= intermittent springs), 96
Lavenham (Suffolk), 346
Leach, Mr A. L., on Gumfreston springs, 95
Leake, John, his map referred to, 222, 227
“Leaning-head theory,” 235-6
Leatherhead (Surrey), squint, 151-2;
deflection of tower, 235
Ledbury (Hereford), 122
Ledger stones, 347
Leeds (Kent), church, 4;
acoustic jars, 448-9
Lega-Weekes, Miss E., on church armour, 158
Legge, Dr W. Heneage, on ox-teams, 455;
ox-yoke, 462
Leicester, 30, 283
Leicestershire, church, 236
Leith Hill (Surrey), 266
Le Mans (France), 29 n.
Leo I, Pope, and bowing to the sun, 212
Lepidotus gigas (= fossil fish), 307
Lewes (Sussex), St John’s-sub-Castro, 13;
Saxon cemetery, 83;
Castle, 463;
race-course, 467;
ox-carriage, 484
Liber Festivalis, quoted, 381
Libraries in churches, 155, 163
Lichens, 334
Lichfield, holy well, 95;
alinement of cathedral, 230
Life of St Cuthbert, quoted, 459
Lighthouse, supposed, at Dover Castle, 19, 20
Linchets, on Shawford Downs, 45
Lincoln, cathedral, 126;
cathedral watchmen, 126;
Heath, 130;
St Mary’s Guildhall, 178;
execution at, 351
Lincolnshire, burial superstition, 18;
holy wells, 97;
Danish invasion of, 108-11;
burials, 248;
burial superstition, 292, 295;
church doors, 331;
unenclosed churchyards, 355;
churchyard trees, 406;
oxen, 453, 460;
ox-yoke, 462
Lindisfarne, Priory church, 245
Linton Heath (Cambs.), 402 n.
Lithuania, 363, 477
Litlington (Cambs.), 8
Little Coates (Lincs.), 72
Little Dunkeld (Perth), 94
Little Stukeley (Hunts.), 289
Littleton (Middlesex), 344
Little Washbourne (Glos.), 355
Littré, É., translation of Pliny, 294
Livy, cited, 70, 327
Llan-, prefix in place-names, 33
Llanbedr (Vale of Conway), 79
Llanberis (Carnarvon), 94
Llandegla (Denbigh), 94
Llandeilo Llwydarth (Pembroke), 94
Llanelian (Denbigh), holy well, 94;
church chest, 168, 169;
dog-tongs, 190
Llanfaglan (Carnarvon), 94
Llanfechain (Montgomery), 99
Llangenydd (Glamorgan), 31
Llanllechid (Denbigh), 104
Llanwrythwl (Brecon), 48
Local Government Act, of 1894, 142
Lockyer, Sir J. Norman, on cromlechs, 28, 48;
sites of churches, 48;
dates of fairs, 192-3;
Egyptian temples, 221;
“Saint’s Day theory,” 225;
alinement of megaliths, 252-4, 255, 258;
earthworks, 259
Logan, J., on stone-circles, 65-6
Lollards, trial of, in churches, 139
Lombardic treaties, 338
London, holy wells, 96;
ancient burials, 247, 271;
burials without coffins, 271;
horseshoes, 427;
market for oxen, 457;
bell-casting, 459;
wild bulls near, 477
London Clay, 409
London Geologists’ Association, 41
Long-bow, antiquity of, 387-9;
at Creçy and Poitiers, 389;
supersedes cross-bow, 389-90
Longman, Mr C. F. (and Col. F. Walrond), on bows, 389
Lord’s House, the, 150-1
Loudon, J. C., on Fortingal yew, 376
Louth (Lincs.), 240, 453, 462
Loversall (Yorks.), 346
Lovett, Mr E., on Sussex barrow, 302
Lowe, Dr J., his Yew-Trees cited, 364;
estimate of age of yews, 364, 365-6, 368, 369, 370, 372, 373-4, 375;
his rule discussed, 365, 368-70, 373-4;
“shelter theory,” 384;
“bow theory,” 393;
prehistoric respect for the yew, 400
Lower Greensand, 269
Lower Halstow (Kent), 4
Low side windows, 237, 329
Lucarnes (= dormer windows), 117
Lucas, Mr Seymour, on Mendlesham armour, 160
Lucas, Mr W. J., on Good Friday sports, 195
Ludborough (Lincs.), 16
Ludlow (Salop), 82, 95
Lull, Prof. R. S., 408
Lullingstone (Kent), 384
Luppitt (Devon), 449-50
Luxembourg, dancing in churches, 185;
burial customs, 311
Lycidas, quoted, 397
Lydd (Kent), 143
Lydden (Kent), 187 n.
Lydekker, Mr R., on the horse, 408, 416 n.
Lyme Park (Cheshire), 477
Lyminge (Kent), 4, 20, 21
Lyminster (Sussex), 496
Lysons, Daniel, cited, 78

Macbeth, quoted, 396
Macclesfield (Cheshire), 71
Mackarness, F. C., cited, 187
Mâcon (France), 420
Macpherson, J., his Ossian quoted, 283-4, 401
Macrobius, on cremation, 276
Magdalenian caves, 411, 412, 497
Magna Charta, referred to, 383
Magnetic needle, early knowledge of, 227-8, 233;
where first discovered, 228, 324;
variation of, 228, 233
Magnus, Olaus, on armour in churches, 161
Maid Marian, 441
Maidstone (Kent), 459 n.
Maitland, Prof. F. W., on the parish vestry, 142
Malabar, 222 n.
Malay, terms for points of compass, 327
Malden (Beds.), 342
Malden (Surrey), 32, 33
Maldon (Essex), 33
Malkin, B. H., on churchyard sports, 197
Mallett, Mr Reddie, and Harlyn Bay discoveries, 299
Malmesbury (Wilts.), 154
Manning and Bray, cited, 266 n., 371
Manningford Bruce (Wilts.), 344
Manorbier (Pembroke), 237 n.
Manor Courts, 137
Manuscripts, illuminated, 455, 459
Maplederwell (Hants.), 96
Maples, in churchyards, 384
Maplescombe (Kent),