38, 39, 40
Marathon, Battle of, 419
Mares, kept for milk, 419, 421;
ridden by priests, 436, 457;
used for draught, 457, 457 n.
Mariner’s compass, 228
Market Overton (Rutland), 12
Markets, in churches, 173-4;
in churchyards, 191-2;
on Sundays, 192
Market Weighton (Yorks.), 32, 430
Marlborough (Wilts.), 434
Marlborough Downs, 38
Marprelate Tracts, the, 244, 244 n.
Marriage, at the church-door, 156
Marsh, Prof. O. C., on the horse, 408
Marshall, W., on use of oxen in Yorkshire, 453, 465;
working age of oxen, 465
Martin Hussingtree (Worcester), 348
Martin Monthes Mind, quoted, 244
Marylebone (London), 206
Mas d’Azil (France), 414, 416
Mashonaland, 222 n.
Mason, W., poet, quoted, 497
Maxton, Mr W. J., on St Saviour’s, Southwark, 231
Mayall, Mr A., on Kersal yew, 377
May-Day, and well-dressing, 92;
customs, 92, 97 n.
Mayence, museum, 428
Maylam, Mr P., on the “hoodening horse,” 441
Maynard, Mr G., on Essex churches, 4;
discoveries at Colchester, 274
Mayors, chosen in church, 143
May-year, the, 193, 253
McIntyre, Mr P., on Gaelic, 49 n.
Mecklenburg, horse-skull superstition, 440
Mediaeval earthworks, 16, 60, 89;
settlements, 16, 89;
treasure-diggers, 82-3;
churches, 125;
villages, 167;
burials, 271, 289, 311, 317;
symbolism, 324, 337, 407;
tombstones, 347;
superstition, 446;
use of salt meat, 465-6;
shoeing of oxen, 470-1
Megaliths, kinds of, 28, 34;
new churches, 34, 42-9, 104, 400;
destruction of, 42-3;
orientation of, 229, 252-8;
discoveries at, 308
Melling (Lancs.), 59
Mellitus, Abbot, letter to, 482
Mells (Somerset), 377, 380
Melsonby (Yorks.), 107
Mendlesham (Suffolk), 160
Menhirs, 34-5, 37, 45, 136, 255;
at St Mabyn, 42;
Rudstone, 43;
Mottestone, 45
Mentmore (Bucks.), 83
Meopham (Kent), 40
Meppershall (Beds.), 60
Mercati, Michele, on fossils, 199
Merovingian burials, 283, 285
Merrington (Northumberland), 107
Merstham (Surrey), 96, 101
Mesohippus, 409, 410
Mesolithic period, 418
Metz (Germany), 447
Miall, Prof. L. C., on “negative exceptions,” 350
Mickleham (Surrey), 230
Micklethwaite, Mr J. T., on Wakefield parish church, 344
Micraster (= fossil echinoderm), in graves, 302, 303, 304
Middlesex, yews of, 406
Middleton, Bishop, and the orientation of churches, 208
Middleton Stoney (Oxford), 244
Midsummer festivals, 192;
fires, 440, 446
Migne, M. L’Abbé, on church of St Benoît, 210
Milan (Italy), 212, 216
Mildmay, Sir W., on orientation, 208, 210
Miln, Mr James, his discoveries at Carnac, 482
Milton, John, L’Allegro, quoted, 326;
Paradise Lost, quoted, 335;
Comus, quoted, 452
Milton Lilbourne (Wilts.), 90
Minster (Kent), 79
Miracle plays, development of, 181-3;
in church, 182-3;
in the churchyard, 182-3;
in the market-place, 182
Mirrors, placed in coffins, 310
Mistletoe, 399
Mitcham (Surrey), pre-Saxon cemetery, 247;
churchyard, 384
Mitchell, Sir A., on discoveries at Alloa, 275
Mithraism, 27
Moated mounds, or mounts, 51, 54;
St Weonards, 56;
Thruxton, 56;
Penwortham, 56, 57;
Arkholme, 56;
Warrington, 56, 57
Moats, 52, 66, 67, 89, 98
Molech, worship of, 220
Monasteries, dissolution of, 289
Money, Mr W., 373
Mongolian horse, 413, 416
Monken Hadley (Middlesex), 162
Montaigne, Michel, on annual rings in trees, 369
Montault, Mgr B. de, on orientation of churches, 213
Montelius, Prof. O., on stone-circles, 28;
Thor’s hammer, 198;
holy wells, 93;
amber axes, 299
Montgomerie, Mr D. H., on Pirton Toot Hill, 61
Montgomery, round churches of, 99
Mont St Michel (Brittany), 129
Mont St Michel (Normandy), 129
Moot-hills, 51, 63, 67, 70;
near churches, 63, 66;
meaning of word, 63
Moresby (Cumberland), 12
Morocco, burial of suicides in, 358
Morris dances, in church, 184-5, 195;
meaning of word, 184
Mortillet, M. G. de, on domestication of the horse, 415
Mortimer, Mr J. R., on Duggleby Howe, 66;
Willy Howe, 66-7;
mound-crosses, 68;
Fimber, 78;
Kilham graves, 248;
statistics of alinements, 249, 250, 251;
groups of barrows, 261-2;
Easington barrow, 274;
objects found in barrows, 282;
position of body in the mound, 356;
remains of the horse in barrows, 417, 419;
chariot-burial, 430
Morwenstow (Cornwall), 343
Mosaic Law, 436
“Mother Ludlam’s Kettle,” 178
“Motte” and “mota,” 52
Mottes (see Moated mounds)
Mottistone (I. of Wight), 165;
menhir, 45;
stocks, 165
Mound-crosses, 68
Mounting blocks, 157, 188
Much Wymondley (Herts.), 7
Mud, Mude, or Mundal Hill, 67
Mules, shoeing of, 423, 423 n., 470
Müller, Max, and the Aryans, 333
Murderers, burial of, 351, 352, 358-9
Murols (Puy de Dôme), 298
Murray, Sir James, on “belfry,” 127;
“church,” 145-6
Museums, Brighton, 80;
Colchester, 84;
Vatican (Rome), 199;
British, 223, 402;
Guildhall (London), 272, 424, 425, 426;
Science and Art (Dublin), 402;
Natural History, 411;
Mayence, 428;
Horniman (London), 441;
Louth, 462;
Lewes (Sussex), 463
Musselburgh (Midlothian), 94
Myfyr Morganwg, Arch-Druid, 258

Names and their Histories, cited, 32
Nanterre (France), 430
Naogeorgus, Thomas, on markets in churches, 174
Narburgh (Nottingham), 266
Nativity plays, 181
Nave, uses of the, 132, 154, 170-1;
as warehouse, 171;
used for markets, 173-4;
miracle plays in, 182, 183;
morris dances in, 184
Neale, J. M., on orientation of churches, 224
Neckham, Alexander, on magnetic needle, 228
Necklaces, in graves, 301, 305, 307, 308
“Negative exceptions,” 242, 350
Neilson, Mr G., on castle-mounds, 55
Neolithic celts, 79-80, 197, 298;
burials, 249, 280, 320;
yew, 361;
bows, 387-8;
horses, 416, 417, 418;
bone-caves, 417-18;
oxen, 477, 479, 481
Nero, and shoeing of mules, 423
Netherby (Yorks.), 422
Neville, Rev. H. M., on horseshoes, 426
Newbourne (Suffolk), 343
Newcastle, St Nicholas’ church, 131, 138, 175, 359
New Forest proverb, 360
Newfoundland, 199
Newhaven (Sussex), 465
Newington (Kent), 448
Newlands Corner (Surrey), 407
New Oxford Dictionary, cited, 149, 320
New Romney (Kent), 143
Nine Maidens (stone-row), 256
Nordvi, A. G., discoveries in Lapland, 309
Norfolk, hill-digging in, 83;
round towers, 123;
orientation of churches, 222;
burial custom, 311;
burial on North side, 343, 347
Norham (Northumberland), court held in church, 136;
churchyard, 345
Norman castles, 52-9;
churches, 55-6, 57-8, 63, 80, 97, 239;
cross-bow, 389
Normandy, objects in churches, 203;
churchyard yews, 406;
acoustic jars, 447
North, side of churches, 239;
determination of position by the, 327;
symbolism of the, 324-38;
Bible references, 334-5;
in place-names, 339-40;
side of churchyards disliked, 341-53
Northam (Devon), 496
Northampton, round church, 99;
mayor chosen in church, 143;
fairs in churchyard, 192
North Cockerington (Lincs.), 344
North Cotes (Lincs.), 340
North Curry (Somerset), 230
Northfleet (Kent), 128
North Mimms (Herts.), 384
North Molton (Devon), 41
Northolt (Middlesex), 291
North Ormsby (Lincs.), 453
Northorpe (Lincs.), 165, 189
North side of churchyards, burial on, 341-53, 490;
headstones, 344-5, 347-8;
sports held there, 352-3
North Thoresby (Lincs.), 193
Northumberland, burial custom, 297;
horseshoes, 426;
ox-team, 461
Norton, as place-name, 339
Norton (Derby), 111
Norton (Worcester), 355
Norway, aerolite tradition, 198;
folk-medicine, 298;
settlements, 340;
rock carvings, 421;
and horseflesh, 438;
domestic utensils of, 440-1
Norwich, desecration of churches, 174;
acoustic jars, 448
Notes and Queries, referred to, 158, 342
Notices on church doors, 143
Nunney (Somerset), 115
Nun Ormsby (see North Ormsby)
Nursery rhymes, concerning oxen, 486

Oak, growth of the, 369
Ockham (Surrey), 62
O’Curry, E., on wands of yew, 402
Odin, burial-place of, 28;
and horseflesh, 438;
horse-heads offered to, 440;
and the “hoodening horse,” 441
Offchurch (Warwick), 369
Offerings to the dead, 280, 282, 295
Ogams, or Oghams, 401
Ogbourne Maisey (Wilts.), 75
Ogbury Downs (Wilts.), 320
“Oillets” (= slits in castle walls), 117
Old Hunstanton (Norfolk), 69
Old Topography of London, cited, 222-3
Olufsen, O., on burial customs of the Pamirs, 263
Open-air courts, near megaliths, 34, 63, 64, 70, 136;
near barrows and tumuli, 34, 64, 70;
in Wales, 64;
and churches, 150
Open-field system, the, 338
Organs, Mediaeval, 447
Orientation, of graves, 80, 83-4, 205, 243-67, 490;
meaning of word, 205, 325;
of churches, 205-42, 489;
East and West, 205, 207, 208, 211, 219, 337;
North and South, 206, 207, 208;
of Freemasons’ lodges, 209;
origin of idea, 216-24;
allusions in Bible, 217-20;
Egyptian, 219, 221;
symbolism, 223-4;
theories concerning, 224-37;
of long barrows, 252;
of earthworks, 258-9;
by natural features, 325;
by the sun, 325;
of skeletons, 483
Origen, and earth’s centre, 335
Orlygüs, 35
Ornaments in graves, 302-10
Ossian, poems of, quoted, 283, 401, 402, 419
Ossuaries, 270
Ostiarius (= doorkeeper), 149, 154
Ostrich eggs, in churches, 202
Othona (Essex), 23
Ottery St Mary (Devon), 118
Over Worton (Oxford), 75
Ovid, on grave-gifts, 313
Owen, Rev. E., on circular churchyards, 98
Owston (Lincs.), 59
Ox-bells, 475
“Ox-bows,” use of, 461, 462
Oxen, in agriculture, 423;
blessing of, at Carnac, 446;
as beast of labour, 452-75, 491;
in various countries, 452;
breeds, 453, 455;
early use in ploughing, 455-60;
Domesday Book, 455, 456;
terms referring to, 455, 456;
Bartholomew Anglicus on, 456;
formerly yoked with horses at plough, 458;
number in a team, 458-61;
yokes, 461-2;
value of services, 465, 466, 467, 471;
limitation in use of word, 465;
value of flesh, 465-6;
how fed in winter, 466;
labour value, 466, 467;
trotting, 467;
comparison with horses, 467, 470-1;
discussion on shoeing, 468-74;
why displaced by the horse, 474-5;
ancestral forms, 475-81;
folk-lore, 475, 481-6;
sacrifice of, 481-2, 483, 484;
white and black, 483, 485;
sacrificed at graves, 483;
as food, 483;
drawing carriages, 484 n.;
symbolism of, 485;
on tavern signs, 485;
pet names, 486
Oxford, port-moot, 140;
Movement, 206;
St Aldate’s church, 232
Oxfordshire, oxen in, 453
Oxgang (= bovata), 456
Ox-herd, in literature, 456;
duties of, 456
“Ox-kews,” or “cues,” 469, 472, 473
Ox-shoes, 428,