meaning of name, 43;
barrow, 417
Rugby (Warwick), 111
Ruined churches, 13, 31, 38, 42
Runic inscription, on sundial, 162;
and archery, 387
Rural Rides, Cobbett’s, quoted, 91, 133
Rushmere (Suffolk), 124
Rushmore (Wilts.), 468, 469, 470
Russia, white horses of, 433;
acoustic jars, 447
Rylston (Yorks.), 278
Ryton (Durham), 76

Saben, Rev. P., on Alphamstone discoveries, 84
Sacellum, 12, 495
Sacred trees, 28, 400;
springs, 92-7;
heads, 440, 442, 443
Sacrificial animals, 321
Saddlescombe (Sussex), 455
Saeters (= settlements), 340
Sagarthians, horses of the, 414
Sage, planted on graves, 400
St Agnes’ Well (Somerset), 95
St Alban, martyr, 4
St Albans cathedral, Roman remains, 4;
watching loft, 126
St Alban’s Head (Dorset), 127, 128
St Aldhelm’s Chapel (Dorset), 127, 128
St Aldhelm’s Well (Somerset), 95
St Anne’s Hill (Sussex), 15
St Audrey’s Fair, 192
St Augustine (= Aurelius Augustinus), 328
St Augustine, or Austin, his mission, 26;
holy well, 96
St Basil, on turning to the East, 212;
building towards the East, 224
St Benoît (Paris), church of, 210
St Bertrand-de-Comminges (Haute-Garonne), 201
St Beuno, sacrifice of oxen to, 482
St Boniface, letter to, 437;
forbids sacrifices of oxen, 482
St Budeaux (Devon), 118
St Catherine’s (Westminster), 223
St Chad’s Well (Lichfield), 95
St Christopher’s “ribbe bone,” 200
St Chrysostom, 262
St Clement’s Well (London), 96
St Columb Major (Cornwall), 256
St Columba, 119
St Cornély, “Pardon” of, 482
St Cubert (Cornwall), 37
St Cuthbert, 262;
burial of, 311, 312
“St Cuthbert’s beads” (= portions of fossil encrinites), 308
St Decumen’s Well (Somerset), 95
St Denis (France), 431
St Dennis (Cornwall), 15
St Dominic of Ossory, 395
St Edmund the King (London), church, 207
St Elian’s Well (Denbigh), 94
St Eloi, offerings to, 301
Ste Marie du Castel (Guernsey), 34
St Ethelwold, Bishop, 211
St Felix, 242
St Florence, Vale of, 113
St Frideswide, and the ox, 485
St Fursey, or Furseus, founds church at Burghcastle, 11
St Gall, burial of, 434-5;
monks of, 437-8
St George’s Cathedral (London), 207
“St George’s Wardens,” 175
St Giles-in-the-Fields (London), church, 336
St Giles’s Well (London), 96
St Hilda’s Day, 234
St Isidore, 210
St Jerome, on baptism, 220
St John, 226
St John Lateran (Rome), church, 214
St John’s Point (co. Down), 86
St Joseph’s Chapel (Glastonbury), 23
St Lawrence, churches dedicated to, 15, 16
St Leonard, 485
St Luke, ox symbolical of, 485
St Mabyn church (Cornwall), 42, 48
St Margaret’s church (Westminster), 223
St Mark’s Eve, 29
St Martha’s Hill (Surrey), church, 131-2;
Good Friday sports, 195;
earth-rings, 195;
tombstones, 269
St Martin, 226
St Martin’s church (Canterbury), 20
St Martin’s Hill, or Martinsell (Wilts.), 194, 381-2
St Mary-le-Bow (London), 138
St Mary Major (Exeter), 9, 206
St Mary the Virgin, 226
St Michael, churches dedicated to, 129
St Michael’s (St Albans), 495
St Michael’s Mount (Cornwall), 129, 130
St Michel, 129
St Molaise, priory of, 119
St Monacella, 199
St Nicholas, 226
St Ouen (Rouen), deflected choir, 237;
Fergusson’s opinion concerning, 237
St Pancras church (Canterbury), 22
St Patrick, and holy wells, 93
St Paulinus, missionary, 9, 32
St Paulinus, of Nola, 241
St Paul’s, Covent Garden (London), 206
St Paul’s Cathedral (London), probable pagan site, 83, 444;
folk-moots held in, 136, 148;
legal business transacted in, 139, 173;
chest, 169;
markets, 173;
and Wren, 242;
ceremony connected with stag’s head, 443;
discoveries at, 444
St Paul’s Cray (Kent), church, 4;
flints found at, 292
St Peter, 226
St Peter’s (Rome), altar, 207;
steps of, 212;
orientation, 214
St Peter’s Chapel, Bradwell (Essex), 23
St Peter’s Day, 234
St Peter’s, Vatican, 232
St Savin, 236
St Saviour’s Cathedral (Southwark), 8, 231
St Sepulchre’s church (London), 154
St Stephen’s, Coleman Street (London), 336
St Swithin’s (Lincoln), 7
St Sylvester, 485
St Tecla’s Spring (Denbigh), 94
St Teilo’s Well (Pembroke), 94
St Thomas of Canterbury, 131
St Ulrick’s Day, 174
St Weonards (Hereford), 56, 57
St Willibrord, 185
“Saint’s Day theory,” 224-7, 233, 235, 242
Saints’ Days, fairs held on, 191
Salisbury, gaol, 139;
horse-burial at, 432
Salt, on graves, 313
Saltfleetby All Saints (Lincs.), 342
Salton (Yorks.), 196
Samoa, burial customs, 247
Samoyads, heathenism among modern, 29
Sanctuary, churches and churchyards, 170, 354;
burial out of, 353, 359
Sanctus bell, 151
Sanderstead (Surrey), 372
Sandwich (Kent), mayor chosen in church, 143;
St Clement’s church, 448
Sandwich Kirk (Shetland Isles), 31
San Paolo fuori le Mura (Rome), 214
Sta Maria Maggiore (Rome), 214
Sarsens, 38, 40, 41, 50
Sarum Manual, 315
Saxon churches, 9, 10, 13, 62, 108-11, 117, 211;
modes of punishment, 68;
barrow at Taplow, 81-2;
church towers in Lincolnshire, 108-11;
use of church porch, 155;
burials, 247, 250, 260, 261, 277, 283, 285, 308, 314, 431;
crystal balls in graves, 299;
amber beads in tumuli, 300-1, 307;
necklaces, 301, 307;
combs, 311;
sacrificial animals, 321;
superstition respecting enclosed
spaces, 354;
archery, 387, 388;
horses, 422;
ploughs, 464
Saxony, open-air tribunals in, 68;
arms of, 433;
horse-head superstition, 440
Scandinavia, folk-lore, 246;
ancient burials, 262;
chariot-burials, 276, 429, 431;
amber axes, 299;
cattle, 479;
rock-carvings, 421, 481
Scarborough (Yorks.), 239
Scartho (Lincs.), 108, 109-10
Scheffer, Jean, his travels in Lapland, 29
Schools, in churches and church porches, 152-5
Schrader, Dr O., Roman methods of divination, 326;
on the yew, 363;
the Kalmucks, 419;
Celtic chariots, 421-2
Scissors in coffins, 212
Sclavonic folk-lore, 397;
horse sacrifices, 434, 441
Scolds’ bridles, 163
Scot-ales, 179
Scotland, churches on pagan sites, 48, 94;
holy wells, 94;
sports in churchyards, 196;
tombstones, 314;
cardinal points, 327;
burial of suicides, 358;
yew superstition, 399;
superstition respecting fox’s skull, 443;
paganism, 446
Scott, Dr D. H., his experiment on the elm, 366-7
Scott, Mr G. G., on churches of Rome, 214
Scott, Col. S., discovery by, 444
Scott, Sir W., quoted, 403, 486
Scottish Presbyterian Church, 445
Scottshall (Kent), 378
Scrapers, flint, 294, 305
Scythians, ceremonial purification, 287-8, 289;
chariot-burials, 429
Seaford (Sussex), 330
Seale (Surrey), 80 n.
-Seats, -sets, in place-names, 340
Sea-urchins (see Echinoderms)
Secondary burials, 263
Secular uses of the church fabric, 101-204
Seebohm, Prof. F., on continuity of village sites, 7;
moated mounds, 60;
Domesday ox-team, 458
Selborne (Hants.), churchyard, 343, 348, 354;
yew, 378
Selby Abbey (Yorks.), 154
Seneschaucie, cited, 456, 471
Sequoia, annual rings, 367
Serpulae, fossil, 305
Servia, burial of suicides in, 358
Seville (Spain), 185
Seyffert, O., and Greek augurs, 327
Seymour Place (London), 206
Shalford (Surrey), 165, 166
Sharpe, Mr Montagu, on Romano-British sites, 495
Shawford Downs (Hants.), 45
Shells, found at Little Coates, 72;
in cave deposits, 308;
in graves, 308, 309;
in stone coffins, 309
“Shepherd’s Crown,” or “Helmet” (= fossil echinoderm), 303
Sheriffs’ Courts, 137
Shetland Isles, 31
Shetland pony, 420
Shore, Mr T. W., on mounds near churches, 74;
Tooting church, 89;
holy wells of Hampshire, 96;
orientation of Hampshire churches, 222;
Winter- in place-names, 341
Shropshire, Easter feasts in, 180;
teeth superstition, 322;
harvest customs, 436
Sibertswold (Kent), 277
Sidbury Hill (Wilts.), 255
Silbury Hill (Wilts.), 67, 194
Silchester, 13, 23, 30;
basilica, 23-4, 212;
shrines, 24;
Roman horse-races, 422;
ash-pits, 468
Silkworms, in Sussex, 394
Sinister, meaning of, 326
Sir Howel-y-Furyall, armour of, 285
Sirius, temples oriented to, 221
Site-occupancy, continuous or repeated, 3, 10, 23, 42, 80, 86-7, 95
Skeat, Prof. W. W., on place-names, 31, 32, 33;
“belfry,” 127;
“church,” 145;
Malay terms for points of compass, 327;
“yew,” 363
Skelton (Yorks.), 162
“Skew chancels,” 230, 232
Skinner’s Well (London), 96
“Skopia” (= watch-tower), 70
Skulls, superstitions regarding, 440-1, 442, 444, 449-51;
placed under buildings, 444-5
Slaves, manumission of, 168
Smith, Dr Angus, on white pebbles in graves, 299
Smith, Mr C. Roach, on Kentish churches, 4, 9;
crystal balls in graves, 300;
hippo-sandals, 428
Smith, James, of Deanston, on agriculture, 468
Smith, Mr Reginald A., on term “Saxon,” 19;
castle-mounds, 55;
Earl’s Barton, 62;
Taplow, 82;
Saxon burials, 247
Smith, Mr Worthington G., his discoveries on Dunstable Downs, 302, 303;
on fossils in barrows, 303
“Social theory of Christianity,” 133, 203
Solon, cited, 247
Solstices, orientation at the, 211, 227, 229, 256, 259
Solutré (France), 145
Solutrean caves, 411, 416
Somer-, Summer-, in place-names, 340
Somerset, holy wells, 95;
landmark towers, 130;
church-ales, 180;
teeth superstition, 322
Sompting (Sussex), 356 n., 455
South, folk-lore regarding the, 328-32;
favoured in churchyards, 328, 342, 343, 345, 348, 351;
symbolism of, 328-30;
in place-names, 339, 340
South Africa, 316
Southey, Robert, quoted, 335, 432
Southfleet (Kent), 4
Southgate (Middlesex), 340 n.
South Harting (Sussex), discovery of celts, 80;
parish stocks, 165
South Hayling (Hants.), 377
South Moreton (Berks.), 15
South Tawton (Devon), 175
Southwark (London), 8, 231, 352
Southwell cathedral, 9
Spain, Royal Arms in churches, 144;
councils held in churches, 148;
eggs suspended in churches, 202;
burial custom, 318;
horses imported from, 422;
caves of, 497
Spearhead, of yew, 389
“Specula” (= toot-hill), 61, 70
Speeton (Yorks.), 78
Spencer, B. (and F. J. Gillen), on Australian custom, 321-2
Spencer, Herbert, on ancestor-worship, 280;
on development of society, 493
Spica, orientation to, 221
Spindle-whorls, 302, 307
Spires, entasis in, 240
Splint bones of horse, 411
Sports, held in churches, 184, 185-6;
in churchyards, 186, 196-7, 352;
in earthworks, 194-5
Springthorpe (Lincs.), 342
Squarey, Mr E. P., on Downton Moot, 64
Squints, in churches, 148-9, 151, 329
Stag’s head ceremony, 443
Stamford Fair, 457
Standish (Glos.), 14
Stanley, Dean, on St Martin’s, Canterbury, 20
Stanley, Thomas, on the yew, 382
Stanton Drew (Somerset), 46, 47
Starnberger See (Bavaria), 418 n.
Stars, temples oriented to, 221
Statius, on the yew, 399
Statue-menhirs, 268
Statutes, of Winchester, 192;
respecting burial in woollen, 278-9;
“Ne rector prosternat,” 383;
concerning archery, 389-90;
against eating horseflesh, 438-9
Stebbing, Miss A., on Alphamstone urns, 84, 85
Steers (= young oxen), 465
Stennis (Orkney Isles), 99
Stevens, Dr J., on Taplow barrow, 82
Steyning (Sussex), 455
Stillingfleet, Rev. E. W., and barrows of Arras, 430
Stirks, or steers (= oxen), 465
Stirrup-stones, 157
Stocks, kept near churches, 164-7;
antiquity of, 167
Stoke-by-Nayland (Essex), 11
Stoke D’Abernon (Surrey), dial, 162;
fireplace, 188
Stoke Newington (London), 308
Stokes, Miss M., on round towers, 120, 121
Stoke St Milborough (Salop), holy well, 95;
games in churchyard, 197
Stone-circles, near churches, 28, 29 n., 34,