[706] Anc. Stone Impts, pp. 282-3, 397. For records of flint and pyrites, see e.g. Anc. Stone Impts, pp. 16, 313-4; Vict. Hist. of Bedfordshire, 1904, I. p. 169.

[707] Gen. A. Pitt-Rivers, Excavations in Cranborne Chase, II. 1888, pp. 34, 42, 252, 258.

[708] Pitt-Rivers, op. cit. p. 4.

[709] Pliny, Nat. Hist., L. xxxvi. cc. 17, 28.

[710] Hamlet, Act V. Sc. 1.

[711] S. Baring-Gould, The Deserts of Southern France, 1894, I. p. 207. See also a valuable essay in J. G. Frazer’s Psyche’s Task, ... the Growth of Superstition, 1909, pp. 52-81.

[712] S. Baring-Gould, op. cit. p. 207. Cf. methods described by Leo Frobenius, Childhood of Man, ed. A. H. Keane, 1909, pp. 158-63; E. B. Tylor, Anthropology, 2nd edition 1889, p. 237. Cf. E. S. Hartland, at Brit. Assoc. Meeting, 1910 (Nature, LXXXV. p. 24).

[713] Herodotus, l. IV. (Melpomene), c. 73. Cf. Translation in Isaac Taylor’s edition, 1829, p. 297.

[714] Canon G. Rawlinson, Hist. of Herodotus, 4th edition, 1880, III. pp. 63-4. Rawlinson argues (III. pp. 198-200) that the Scythians were not Slavs, Celts, or Teutons, but a distinct race, and (III. pp. 201-8) that Scythia did not extend so far West as to touch the present Germany.

[715] J. Douglas, Nenia Britannica, 1793, p. 10. Cf. Pitt-Rivers, Excav. in Cranborne Chase, II. pp. 29, 33; IV. pp. 148-157, 164-5.

[716] W. M. Wylie, Fairford Graves, 1852, pp. 24-5. Pitt-Rivers records the finding of worn pebbles in a barrow: Excav. in Cranborne Chase, II. p. 33.

[717] J. Y. Akerman, Remains of Saxon Pagandom, 1853, pp. xvi, xvii; Baron J. de Baye, Indus. Arts of the Anglo-Saxons, tr. J. B. Harbottle, 1893, pp. 119-20, makes the same statement.

[718] R. A. Bullen, Harlyn Bay, 1902, p. 24.

[719] J. C. Atkinson, Forty Years in a Moorland Parish, 2nd edition, 1891, pp. 213-5, 220.

[720] Atkinson, op. cit. p. 432.

[721] Guide to Bronze Age, pp. 60-61.

[722] Atkinson, op. cit. p. 220. Cf. Mortimer, Forty Years’ Researches, p. xl; Pitt-Rivers, Excav. in Cranborne Chase, II. pp. 33-36, 45.

[723] Greenwell, British Barrows, p. 29.

[724] Archaeologia, XXXV. pp. 301-3.

[725] Durandus, Rationale Divinorum Officiorum, l. VII. c. 37. In the same way Durandus states that ivy and laurel were used because they were typical of eternal life. These plausible explanations have received acute comment in Archaeologia, XXXV. pp. 301-3.

[726] Forty Years in a Moorland Parish, p. 157.

[727] Prim. Culture, I. p. 483 n. (Long list of authorities given.)

[728] Quoted by R. A. Bullen, Harlyn Bay, p. 23 n.

[729] Folk-Memory, pp. 190-3.

[730] Pliny, Nat. Hist., l. XXXVI. c. 27. The practice was common in the Late-Celtic period. (See Archaeologia, 1909, LXI. pp. 329-346.)

[731] P. Holland, edition of Pliny’s Nat. Hist., 1601, II. p. 587.

[732] É. Littré, translation of Pliny’s Nat. Hist., 1850, t. II. p. 521.

[733] Anc. Stone Impts, p. 422.

[734] Prof. G. Stephens, cited by Atkinson, Forty Years in a Moorland Parish, pp. 213-5.

[735] S. Baring-Gould, Curious Myths of the Middle Ages, new edition, 1888, pp. 560-1.

[736] Folk-Lore, X. p. 253. The Lincolnshire example is given in Vol. IX. p. 187. The burial of pins is recorded in Antiquities and Curiosities of the Church, ed. W. Andrews, 1897, p. 248.

[737] E. Howlett, in Curious Church Customs, pp. 42-3.

[738] B. Thorpe, Northern Mythology, 1851, I. p. 291.

[739] Prim. Culture, I. p. 494. J. J. M. De Groot, Religious Systems of China, 1892, pp. 278-9.

[740] Forty Years in a Moorland Parish, pp. 213-5.

[741] J. Romilly Allen, Mon. Hist. of Early Brit. Church, 1889, p. 34.

[742] Sir M. G. Duff, Notes from a Diary, 1904, I. p. 253. Cf. P. G. Hamerton, Round my House, 1876, p. 254.

[743] T. Hardy, The Mayor of Casterbridge, 1895, pp. 143-4. Cf. H. M. Neville, A Corner in the North, 1909, p. 102; Folk-Lore, XX. pp. 209-10.

[744] Folk-Lore, IV. 1893, p. 14; R. Munro, Prehistoric Scotland, 1899, p. 284.

[745] Harlyn Bay, p. 36.

[746] Sir J. Rhŷs, Celtic Folklore, Welsh and Manx, 1891, I. pp. 344-5 (authority given).

[747] W. G. Wood-Martin, Traces of the Elder Faiths of Ireland, 1902, I. p. 329; Pagan Ireland, pp. 110-14.

[748] Folk-Lore, IV. 1893, pp. 13-14.

[749] Rev. ii. 17.

[750] Pliny, Nat. Hist., l. VII. c. 40.

[751] Indus. Arts of the Anglo-Saxons, pp. 79-83; C. Roach Smith, Introduction to Bryan Fausett’s Inventorium Sepulchrale, 1856, p. xxvii.

[752] Quoted by C. I. Elton, Origins of Eng. Hist., 2nd edition, 1890, p. 63.

[753] Elton, loc. cit. Cf. C. Roach Smith, Introd. to Invent. Sepul. pp. xxvi-xxvii.

[754] Indus. Arts of the Anglo-Saxons, pp. 78-9. Cf. Pliny, Nat. Hist., l. XXXVII. c. 3.

[755] W. Henderson, Folk-Lore of the Northern Counties, 1879, p. 145.

[756] Origins of Eng. Hist. pp. 144-5. Cf. J. J. A. Worsaae, Indus. Arts of Denmark, 1882, pp. 199-200; Elworthy, Evil Eye, p. 203. The general use of stones, teeth, etc. as Anglo-Saxon charms is discussed in the Jour. Amer. Folk-Lore, XXII. 1909, pp. 134, 135-6.

[757] E. Lovett, Lecture at Horniman Museum, London, 27 March, 1909.

[758] Gen. A. L. Pitt-Rivers, Excavations in Cranborne Chase, 1887 etc. II. pp. 68, 78, 79-86, 93, 94, 98, 102, 103, 106 etc. Cf. Folk-Memory, pp. 147-9, and illustration facing p. 296; Athenaeum, 15 July, 1911, p. 80.

[759] Worthington G. Smith, Man the Primeval Savage, 1894, pp. 334-9; also his article in Vict. Hist. of Bedfordshire, 1904, I. p. 169.

[760] Anc. Stone Impts, p. 227.

[761] Man, the Primeval Savage, pp. 273-4.

[762] Anc. Stone Impts., p. 469.

[763] Nenia Britannica, p. 158.

[764] Anc. Stone Impts., p. 467.

[765] J. G. Frazer, Early Hist. of the Kingship, 1905, pp. 157-8.

[766] Man, the Primeval Savage, p. 398. In this connection, see H. A. Burrows, in Proc. Geol. Assoc., IV. 1876, pp. 165-166.

[767] Man, the Primeval Savage, p. 273.

[768] Anc. Stone Impts., p. 470.

[769] Essex Naturalist, XIV. 1905, p. 24.

[770] Origins of Eng. Hist., pp. 144-5.

[771] Guide to Bronze Age, p. 62.

[772] Proc. Dorset Nat. Hist. and Antiq. Field Club, XVII. 1896, p. 75.

[773] Notes and Queries, 7th Ser., VIII. p. 112.

[774] The Celt, the Roman, and the Saxon, p. 425.

[775] Origins of Eng. Hist., pp. 144-5.

[776] Jour. Anthrop. Inst., VI., 1877, p. 323.

[777] G. von Düben, Om Lappland och Lapparne, 1873, p. 251. Much curious lore on kindred topics will be found in Jean Scheffer’s Lapponia, 1673 (there is a useful English edition, published by Thos. Newborough, 1704).

[778] Notes and Queries, 7th Ser., VIII. p. 112.

[779] Ibid. VII. p. 507.

[780] Possibly collected by masons for making mortar, during alterations (W. J.).

[781] Curious Church Customs, p. 141. Cf. Guide to Bronze Age, pp. 109, 126, for Siberian and Indian examples.

[782] M. D. Conway, Autobiography and Experiences, 1904, II. p. 77. The incident is not mentioned in Evelyn Ashley’s Life of Lord Palmerston, 1879, nor in the Marquis of Lorne’s Viscount Palmerston, 1892. Cf. Cornish Customs, as described in Vict. Hist. of Cornwall, 1906, I. p. 367.

[783] Guide to Bronze Age, p. 139.

[784] Guide to Early Iron Age, pp. 127, 129, 140.

[785] Indus. Arts of the Anglo-Saxons, p. 88; The Celt, the Roman, and the Saxon, p. 425.

[786] Sir T. Browne, Hydriotaphia. See “Works,” ed. S. Wilkin, 1884, III. p. 13.

[787] Notes and Queries, 1st Ser., II. p. 230.

[788] Ibid. p. 269.

[789] D. Rock, Church of Our Fathers, 1903, II. p. 101.

[790] J. R. Allen, Mon. History of the Early Brit. Church, pp. 34, 65.

[791] J. R. Allen, op. cit. pp. 34, 243; Surrey Archaeol. Coll. III. p. 394; XI. p. 12. There is a good collection of such objects in the Cathedral library at Chichester.

[792] Prim. Culture, I. pp. 494-5.

[793] Nature, LVII., 1898, pp. 257-8.

[794] Prim. Culture, I. pp. 492-4.

[795] See e.g. The Celt, the Roman, and the Saxon, p. 425.

[796] Ibid. pp. 327-8.

[797] Guide to Bronze Age, pp. 60-3.

[798] Hydriotaphia, ch. v. (Browne’s “Works,” ed. S. Wilkin, III. p. 40).

[799] Notes and Queries, 10th Ser., I. p. 388; 4th Ser., VIII. p. 169. Cf. Gen. iii. 19, xviii. 27; Job xxxiv. 15; Eccles. iii. 20, xii. 7 etc.

[800] Horace, Carm. l. I. xxviii. 35 (licebit injecto ter pulvere curras). Cf. Evan Daniel, The Prayer Book, 12th edition, n.d. p. 411.

[801] British Barrows, p. 5.

[802] Notes and Queries, 4th Ser., VIII. p. 107.

[803] E. Daniel, op. cit. p. 410; J. H. Blunt, Annotated Book of Common Prayer, 1903 (new impression, 1899), p. 481 n. See also authorities given in Notes and Queries, 4th Ser., VIII. pp. 107, 169.

[804] Church of Our Fathers, II. pp. 397-8; Notes and Queries, 4th Ser., VIII..p. 169.

[805] Catholic Encyclopedia, ed. C. G. Herbermann and others, 1908, III. p. 75.

[806] W. E. Addis and T. Arnold, Catholic Dict., 1893, p. 393; J. H. Blunt, loc. cit.

[807] Notes and Queries, 4th Ser., VIII. p. 107.

[808] Ibid.

[809] J. H. Blunt, loc. cit. Cf. Church of Our Fathers, II. p. 388.

[810] Notes and Queries, 7th Ser., VI. pp. 267, 356.

[811] I Cor. xv. 36-8; St John xii. 24.

[812] Notes and Queries, 7th Ser., VI. p. 356.

[813] Excav. in Cranborne Chase, II., 1887, p. 196.

[814] Ibid.

[815] O. Olufsen, Through the Unknown Pamirs, 1904, p. 151.

[816] E. Metchnikoff, Nature of Man, tr. P. Chalmers Mitchell, 1906, pp. 140-1.

[817] Brand, Pop. Antiquities, II. pp. 237-45.

[818] Ibid., II. p. 240. Pagan feasts at interments were forbidden to Christians in Saxon times (Indus. Arts of the Anglo-Saxons, p. 120 n.).

[819] Forty Years in a Moorland Parish, pp. 226-7.

[820] Ibid. pp. 226-7. Cf. J. W. Clark and T. McKenny Hughes, Life and Letters of Adam Sedgwick, 1890, I. p. 27.

[821] Grant Allen, Falling in Love: Essays, new edition, 1891, p. 296-7. Cf. Imaginative description given by R. S. Lineham, The Street of Human Habitations, 1894, pp. 43-8.

[822] Indus. Arts of the Anglo-Saxons, pp. 120-1. Cf. The Celt, the Roman, and the Saxon, p. 408.

[823] Harlyn Bay, p. 35.

[824] Evol. of the Idea of God, pp. 26, 31, 32, 33.

[825] B. Spencer and F. J. Gillen, The Northern Tribes of Central Australia, 1904, pp. 588, et seqq., p. 593, and ch. xxi. generally.

[826] Harlyn Bay, p. 35. Cf. Antiquities and Curiosities of the Church, ed. W. Andrews, 1897, p. 249.

[827] Lore and Legend of the English Church, p. 63. The sanctity attached to objects connected with the church and churchyard is discussed in Gomme’s Folk-Lore as an Histor. Science, pp. 197-9.

[828] Evil Eye, p. 437.

[829] Folk-Lore of the Northern Counties, p. 145. Cf. The Golden Bough, I. pp. 193-207. The Incas preserve such relics and place them in the tomb. (Folk-Lore, VI. p. 301.)

[830] Folk-Lore, V. p. 343; VI. p. 301.

[831] Rationale Divinorum Officiorum, l. VII. c. 37.

[832] Prim. Culture, I. p. 495; Nature of Man, pp. 140-1.

[833] See e.g. Folk-Lore, XII. 1901, p. 211.

[834] Isaac Taylor, in Notes and Queries, 9th Ser. IV. p. 335.

[835] Taylor, loc. cit. Cf. O. Schrader, Prehist. Antiquities, trans. F. B. Jevons, 1890, p. 254. Certain passages in the Bible, e.g. Gen. xiii. 9, may be studied in this connection.

[836] Sir J. Rhŷs, Celtic Philology, 2nd edition, 1879, p. 10; Folk-Lore, XII. p. 211; I. Taylor, loc. cit.

[837] Rhŷs, loc. cit.

[838] Folk-Lore, XII. p. 210.

[839] Notes and Queries, 1st Ser. V. p. 332.

[840] Schrader, op. cit. p. 256. O. Seyffert, Dict. Class. Antiquities, ed. H. Nettleship and J. E. Sandys, 1899, p. 86. Cf. Liddell and Scott, Greek Lexicon, under δεξιός.

[841] Folk-Lore, XII. p. 211.

[842] Ibid. pp. 210-11.

[843] C. F. Gordon-Cumming, In the Hebrides, 1883, p. 247.

[844] R. S. Hawker, in Notes and Queries, 1st Ser. V. pp. 253-4. Cf. W. R. Lethaby, Architecture, Mysticism, and Myth, 1892, ch. viii. pp. 174-200.

[845] Notes and Queries, 9th Ser. IV. pp. 261-2.

[846] W. Andrews, ed. Curious Church Customs, p. 137.

[847] Ibid.

[848] Tyack, Lore and Legend of the Eng. Church, p. 96.

[849] Prim. Culture, II. p. 48.

[850] Ibid. II. p. 61.

[851] J. Deniker, Races of Man, 1900, p. 317.

[852] R. Kipling, The Ballad of East and West.

[853] Peter Heylyn, Cosmographie, 1652, p. 22.

[854] M. D. Conway, Demonology and Devil-Lore, 1879, I. pp. 83 et seqq.; II. p. 115.