[855] R. Jefferies, Wild Life in a Southern Country, 1889, p. 33.

[856] Grimm, Teut. Myth. II. pp. 493, 802; III. p. 1001; IV. p. 1605.

[857] Teut. Myth. II. p. 802. F. Kauffmann, Northern Mythology, tr. M. Steele Smith, pp. 95-6.

[858] Job xxvi. 6, 7; Isa. xiv. 12, 13; Jer. iv. 6; Eph. ii. 2, vi. 12, etc.

[859] King Henry VI, Pt I. Act v. Sc. 3.

[860] Par. Lost, V. l. 726. (Cf. ll. 689, 755-6.)

[861] Milton, Sonnet xv. l. 7.

[862] H. Kirke White, Christiad, V. viii. (cf. V. xi.).

[863] Notes and Queries, 8th Ser. VI. p. 235.

[864] E. S. Armitage, Introd. to Eng. Antiquities, 1903, p. 116.

[865] Antiquary, XIX. p. 234.

[866] Notes and Queries, 7th Ser., IX. p. 53.

[867] Durandus, Rationale Divinorum Officiorum, L. 4, c. 23.

[868] Discussion in Notes and Queries, 10th Ser., VI. pp. 428, 512-3. Numerous authorities cited.

[869] Eccles. xi. 3; Miles Coverdale, Remains, ed. G. Pearson (Parker Society), 1846, p. 258.

[870] F. Seebohm, English Village Community, 1896, p. 23.

[871] Grimm, Teut. Myth., II. p. 34.

[872] H. Belloc, The Old Road, 1904, pp. 60-1; cf. F. C. Elliston-Erwood, The Pilgrims’ Road, 1910, p. 84.

[873] I. Taylor, in Notes and Queries, 9th Ser., IV. p. 335.

[874] “There is no Northgate, Eastgate, or Westgate in Middlesex: what then is Southgate?” (Leigh Hunt, Autobiography, new edition, 1885, p. 25.)

[875] S. O. Addy, Evolution of the English House, 1898, pp. 34-5.

[876] T. W. Shore, Origin of the Anglo-Saxon Race, 1906, pp. 226, 229, 304.

[877] Notes and Queries, 7th Ser., VIII. p. 204.

[878] Lore and Legend of the English Church, p. 80. Cf. Brand, Pop. Antiquities, II. p. 293; other instances given.

[879] E. Stone, God’s Acre, 1858, p. 390.

[880] Notes and Queries, 7th Ser., VIII. p. 276.

[881] Notes and Queries, 1st Ser., V. p. 126.

[882] Letter from R. S. Hawker, in Notes and Queries, 8th Ser., VI. p. 235.

[883] T. F. Thiselton-Dyer, Domestic Folk-Lore, 1881, p. 62.

[884] Brand, op. cit. II. p. 293. (Particulars given.)

[885] Notes and Queries, 7th Ser., VIII. p. 276.

[886] Brand, op. cit. II. p. 292 et seqq. See also God’s Acre, pp. 390-1.

[887] G. White, Selborne, ed. J. E. Harting, 1880, p. 418.

[888] G. Masters, Lambeth Parish Church, 1904, p. 75.

[889] J. T. Micklethwaite, in The Builder, LVI. (1889), p. 184.

[890] M. H. Bloxam, Monumental Architecture, 1834, p. 262.

[891] Ibid.

[892] Reliquary, XV., 1909, p. 22.

[893] Durham Arch. Trans., V. p. 103. (Quoted in Notes and Queries, 10th Ser., IX. p. 56.) See also Notes and Queries, 10th Ser., VIII. pp. 452-3. Proc. Soc. Antiq., VII. p. 299.

[894] Hamlet, Act iv. Sc. 5.

[895] Further references on the general subject will be found in Notes and Queries, 6th Ser., I. pp. 105, 466; 8th Ser., XI. p. 428; XII. pp. 17, 91, 175, 357. T. Hearne, Collection of Curious Discourses, 1771, I. p. 226. J. Savage, in Memorabilia, 1820, pp. 316-8. Note also the horizontal stones with inlaid brasses, dating from the 13th century (H. W. Macklin, Monumental Brasses, 1898, pp. 48, 51). Proc. Soc. Antiq., XX. p. 220.

[896] Notes and Queries, 7th Ser., VIII. p. 496.

[897] Ibid.

[898] Ibid., 1st Ser., VIII. p. 207.

[899] Ibid., 1st Ser., VI. pp. 112-113.

[900] Ibid., 9th Ser., VII. p. 113.

[901] Notes and Queries, 1st Ser., V. p. 332.

[902] L. C. Miall, Round the Year, 1896, pp. 79-80 (cf. p. 229).

[903] Notes and Queries, 8th Ser., VI. p. 132.

[904] Ibid.

[905] Brand, op. cit. II. p. 297. Notes and Queries, 1st Ser., II. p. 55; V. p. 126.

[906] Brand, op. cit. II. p. 297.

[907] T. Thompson, History of the Church and Priory of Swine, 1824, p. 145.

[908] Brand, Pop. Antiquities, II. p. 294.

[909] C. F. Gordon-Cumming, In the Hebrides, 1883, p. 185.

[910] J. Burn, History of Parish Registers in England, 1829, p. 96 n.

[911] T. F. Thiselton-Dyer, Old English Social Life, 1898, p. 148.

[912] Notes and Queries, 1st Ser., II. p. 55. Cf. A. Jessopp, Before the Great Pillage, 1901, p. 28 n.

[913] Quoted by H. Hems, in Notes and Queries, 9th Ser., VII. p. 113. I cannot find the exact words attributed to Durandus, though they are in harmony with his remarks in the Rationale, lib. V., c. 14, 15, concerning unbaptized and still-born children, as well as those persons who die in mortal sin.

[914] G. Baldwin Brown, The Arts in Early England, 1903, I. p. 374.

[915] Durandus, Rat. Div. Officiorum, lib. V., c. 12. Sir R. Phillimore, Eccles. Law, 1873, II. p. 1761. E. S. Armitage, op. cit. p. 116. The subject is discussed by G. Baldwin Brown, op. cit. I. pp. 254-6.

[916] S. Baring-Gould, A Book of the West, 1899, II. pp. 38-40.

[917] Phillimore, op. cit. II. 842-3, 1758, 1780. G. Baldwin Brown, op. cit. I. p. 362. E. L. Cutts, Parish Priests and their People in the Middle Ages of England, p. 53.

[918] I. Taylor, in Notes and Queries, 9th Ser., VII. pp. 112-3.

[919] G. White, Selborne, p. 418.

[920] Wordsworth, A Parsonage in Oxfordshire, ll. 1-2.

[921] J. Evelyn, Diary, ed. W. Bray, n.d. (Chandos Classics), p. 397.

[922] The churches of Sompting and Clapham, Sussex, at the foot of the Downs, seem to have been originally unenclosed.

[923] W. Greenwell, British Barrows, 1877, pp. 12-13; cf. T. Rice Holmes, Ancient Britain, p. 188.

[924] J. R. Mortimer, Forty Years’ Researches, pp. xxvi-xxvii. J. C. Atkinson, letters in Notes and Queries, 7th Ser., VIII. p. 335.

[925] T. Wright, The Celt, the Roman, and the Saxon, 2nd edition 1861, p. 329.

[926] W. Andrews, Curious Church Customs, p. 144.

[927] E. Westermarck, Origin and Development of the Moral Ideas, 1908, II. pp. 255-6.

[928] A. Lang, in Folk-Lore, 1909, XX. pp. 88-9.

[929] Westermarck, op. cit. II. Chap. xxv. which is full of curious lore concerning suicide. Cf. J. G. Frazer, Totemism and Exogamy, 1910, II. p. 508; III. p. 152.

[930] Westermarck, op. cit. II. p. 256 n.

[931] A. Lang, loc. cit.

[932] Westermarck, op. cit. II. p. 255.

[933] H. T. Stephen, Commentaries on the Laws of England, ed. J. Stephen, 1868, IV. p. 152, et seqq. Sir R. Phillimore, op. cit. II. p. 860.

[934] Notes and Queries, 1st Ser., V. p. 189. The burials of which particulars are given occurred at the church of St Nicholas, Newcastle. An invaluable bibliography of “Suicide” is given in Notes and Queries, 7th Ser., IX. pp. 489-91. Westermarck, op. cit., also gives voluminous references.

[935] J. T. B. Syme and J. E. Sowerby, English Botany, 3rd edition, 1868, VIII. pp. 276-7. Ency. Brit., 9th edition, under “Yew.” A good description is given by W. Dallimore, Holly, Yew, and Box, 1908, pp. 153-8. For an account of the timber, see G. S. Boulger, Wood, 2nd edition, 1908, p. 371, and plate.

[936] Sir J. D. Hooker, Student’s Flora, 3rd edition, 1884, pp. 380-1. J. Lowe, Yew-Trees of Great Britain and Ireland, 1897, p. 20.

[937] G. S. Boulger, Familiar Trees, n.d., 2nd Ser., p. 58.

[938] Sir J. Evans, Ancient Stone Implements of Great Britain, 2nd edition, 1897, p. 575. Sir A. C. Ramsay, Geology and Geography of Great Britain, 3rd edition, 1878, p. 358.

[939] Science Gossip, XXII. pp. 116, 150, 191, 262; XXIII. p. 21; xxiv. pp. 44, 93, 142. G. White, Nat. Hist. of Selborne, Harting’s edition, 1880, pp. 420-1. J. Carroll, in Country Side, III. p. 252. Jour. Board Agric. X. (1903), pp. 235-6. Trans. Chem. Soc. LXXXI. (1902), p. 874. Lowe, Yew-Trees, pp. 147 et seqq. E. Step, Wayside and Woodland Trees, 1904, p. 76, asserts that the “kernels” are not poisonous.

[940] Pliny, Nat. Hist., lib. XVI., c. 20.

[941] Liddell and Scott, Greek-English Lexicon, 8th edition, 1883, s.v.

[942] Caesar, De Bello Gall., lib. VI., c. 20.

[943] Liddell and Scott, Greek-English Lexicon, W. Smith, Latin Dict., 19th edition, s.v.

[944] Cent. Dict., under “Yew.”

[945] Notes and Queries, 7th Series, IV. p. 532.

[946] Cent. Dict., loc. cit.

[947] W. W. Skeat, Etymol. Dict., under “Yew.”

[948] O. Schrader, Prehist. Antiquities of the Aryan Peoples, trans. J. B. Jevons, 1890, pp. 226, 274-5. See also V. Hehn, Wanderings of Plants and Animals, ed. J. S. Stallybrass, 1885, pp. 407-8.

[949] A. de Candolle, quoted by Lowe, op. cit., p. 46. The exact source is not given, but one may infer, from the context, that the rule is given in Notice sur la Longévité des Arbes, 1831. I have not seen this work, as it is not in the British Museum.

[950] Quoted by Lowe, Yew-Trees, pp. 45-6.

[951] Science Gossip, XXIV. (1888), p. 167. De Candolle’s equation of the measurements of the largest yew at Fountains Abbey is consistent only on the basis of 12 lines to the inch (Physiologie Végétale, t. II. p. 1001).

[952] G. A. Hansard, Book of Archery, 1840, p. 328.

[953] Sir R. Christison, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin., XIX. p. 11. Cited by Lowe: this volume is not in the British Museum.

[954] Lowe, Yew-Trees, p. 57.

[955] A. J. Harrison, in Naturalists’ Journal, 1905, p. 200. See also H. Marshall Ward, Timber, and some of its Diseases, 1889, pp. 44-7. S. H. Vines, Students’ Text-Book of Botany, 1896, pp. 197-9.

[956] Yew-Trees, pp. 42-3, and especially Chap. III.

[957] Yew-Trees, p. 43.

[958] Ibid., p. 45.

[959] Yew-Trees, pp. 45-6. Cf. De Candolle’s own precautions, Physiologie Végétale, t. II. pp. 977, 983-4.

[960] Yew-Trees, p. 64.

[961] Life of Sir R. Christison (edited by his sons), 1886, II. p. 254.

[962] Life of Sir R. Christison, loc. cit.

[963] Notes and Queries, 8th Ser., X. p. 431.

[964] Antiquary, XX. 1889, pp. 219-20.

[965] J. Timbs, Things not generally known, new edition, p. 96.

[966] Yew-Trees, pp. 64-5.

[967] Antiquary, XX. pp. 219-20.

[968] Folk-Memory, pp. 353-7.

[969] Dr J. Horace Round, in a letter to the author, Nov. 9, 1906.

[970] Life of Sir R. Christison, II. p. 264. Physiologie Végétale, t. II. p. 1002.

[971] Philosoph. Trans. 1770, LIX. p. 37.

[972] Notes and Queries, 5th Ser., V. p. 376. Naturalists’ Jour. 1896, p. 99.

[973] Notes and Queries, 5th Ser., V. p. 477.

[974] J. C. Loudon, Arboretum Britannicum, IV. p. 2079.

[975] Murray, Handbook for Kent, 5th edition, 1892, p. 37.

[976] Physiologie Végétale, t. II. p. 1002.

[977] Handbook for Kent, l.c., Black’s Kent, p. 143.

[978] Notes and Queries, 5th Ser., V. p. 376.

[979] Things not generally known, pp. 96-7.

[980] Notes and Queries, 8th Ser., XI. p. 334.

[981] Murray, Handbook for Yorkshire, 1874, p. 289; cf. 3rd edition, 1882.

[982] Physiologie Végétale, t. II. p. 1001.

[983] Antiquary, XX. pp. 219-20.

[984] Notes and Queries, 2nd Ser., XI. p. 162.

[985] Science Gossip, XXIV. p. 24.

[986] Notes and Queries, 5th Ser., V. p. 376.

[987] Murray, Handbook for Surrey, 5th edition, 1898, p. 67.

[988] Murray, Handbook for Sussex, 5th edition, 1893, p. 16.

[989] Notes and Queries, 7th Ser., V. p. 154.

[990] Notes and Queries, 5th Ser., XII. p. 495.

[991] G. White, Selborne, Harting’s edition, 1880, p. 420. See also E. A. Martin, Bibliography of Gilbert White, 1897, p. 219.

[992] J. G. Strutt, Sylva Britannica, 1822, p. 1.

[993] Notes and Queries, 1st Ser., VIII. pp. 346, 447. Handbook to English Ecclesiology (Ecclesiol. Soc.), 1847, p. 190. Brand, Pop. Antiq., II. pp. 255-266 (whole question discussed). H. Friend, Flowers and Flower Lore, 1892, II. pp. 586-9.

[994] Boulger, Familiar Trees, II. p. 60.

[995] F. H. Stratmann, Middle-English Dict., ed. H. Bradley, 1891, p. 194.

[996] W. Caxton, Liber Festivalis, 1483, Dominica in ramis palmarum, sig. g (no pagination).

[997] Notes and Queries, 2nd Ser., V. pp. 391-2.

[998] Notes and Queries, 2nd Ser., V. p. 447.

[999] J. Brady, Clavis Calendaria, 1812, I. pp. 276-80.

[1000] Yew-Trees, p. 98, cf. Folk-Lore, XIII. p. 201.

[1001] Fam. Trees, p. 61.

[1002] Twelfth Night, Act ii. Sc. 4.

[1003] Concerning the use of the yew at funerals, see Brand, Pop. Antiq., II. p. 312; Tyack, Lore and Legend of the Eng. Church, p. 56; Notes and Queries, 7th Ser., IV. p. 532. The purely literary references might be greatly extended; consult, e.g., Lowe, Yew-Trees, passim, also T. N. Brushfield, in Antiquities and Curiosities of the Church, ed. W. Andrews, 1897, pp. 256-78.