88. The Nation’s Navy, pp. 289–90.

89. The Future of War, pp. 21 and 22. Italics mine. G. R. K.

90. Lecture, “The War of the Future,” at Amherst College, Dec. 3, 1909.

91. Quoted in Charles Sumner’s Addresses on War, p. 138.

92. See Scientific American, Sept. 21, 1907.

93. J. F. Haskins, New York Globe and Commercial Advertiser, Feb. 1, 1909.

94. Appleton’s Magazine, April, 1908.

95. The Rough Riders, pp. 202, 209.

96. The Nation in Arms, p. 376.

97. War and Labor, p. 54.

98. But see Professor Mayo-Smith’s Statistics and Sociology.

99. Arbeiter in Council, pp. 150–51.

100. Annual Report of the Secretary of War (William H. Taft), 1907, p. 25. Italics mine. G. R. K.

101. Editorial, Oct. 7, 1909.

102. See Index: “Another War.”

103. March 14, 1907. Italics mine. G. R. K.

104. World’s Work, March, 1906.

105. Museum of Safety and Sanitation, Bulletin, issued December, 1909.

106. North American Review, Nov., 1906. Emphasis mine. G. R. K.

107. The Forum, Jan., 1905.

108. Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Feb. 13, 1907.

109. Labor Leader, London, July 17, 1908.

110. C. F. G. Masterman: Contemporary Review, Jan., 1902.

111. The Blood of the Nation, pp. 45–47.

112. The History of Napoleon. Emphasis mine. G. R. K.

113. In an address, “The Biology of War,” May 3, 1909, Chicago.

114. Reference for substance and part of phrasing of this paragraph has been lost.

115. See Index: “Four Historic Events.”

116. See “What to Read,” Chapter Twelve.

117. J. H. Rose: The Development of the European Nations, 1870–1900, Vol. II., p. 328.

118. Copied from a Government advertisement in front of recruiting headquarters in Allegheny, Pennsylvania, September 7, 1907. Italics mine. G. R. K. This same form of advertisement has also been used in many other cities.

119. “Lecture on War.”

120. See Bloch: Future of War, Preface XXXII.

121. See Charles Seignobos: The Political History of Europe Since 1815, p. 504.

122. See Brodrick and Frotheringham: The Political History of England, Vol. XI., p. 172, et seq.

123. Work and Wages, p. 507.

124. Jephson: The Platform—Its Rise and Progress, Vol. I., p. 283.

125. History of the English People, Vol. IV., p. 377.

126. A Student’s History of England, pp. 877–80.

127. The Political History of England, Vol. XI., Ch. 8.

128. Sir Robert Peel, Ch. 3.

129. The English Constitution, p. 423. Italics mine. G. R. K.

130. See, for example, J. F. Bright: A History of England, Period III., p. 1352.

131. Arbeiter in Council, p. 501.

132. Bourienne’s Memoirs, Vol. VII., c. 20. Reference in Arbeiter in Council, p. 499. For cases equally monstrous in the American Civil War history, see Myers’ History of Great American Fortunes, Vol. II., pp. 127–38, 291–301; Chapters 11 and 12; Vol. III., pp. 160–176.

133. History of the American People, Vol. III., p. 120.

134. A History of the American People, p. 556.

135. “Apart from the phraseology of the statutes it appears during the early years of the War the possibility of the payment of the bonds in other than coin was hardly raised. According to the explicit statement of Garfield in 1868, when the original five-twenty bond bill was before the House in 1862, all who referred to the subject stated that the principal of these bonds was payable in gold, and coin payment was the understanding of every member of the committee of ways and means.... It thus became practically an unwritten law to pay the obligations of the United States in coin.”—Dewey: Financial History of the United States, paragraph 148.

136. Hepburn: The Contest for Sound Money, p. 188.

137. Finance, p. 540, also Public Debts, p. 131.

138. Rice: The Father of His Country—Year Book.

139. The Economic Interpretation of History, p. 454. Italics mine. G. R. K.

140. Twenty-Eight Years (new edition Fifty Years) of Wall Street, p. 194.

141. Mr. Clews relates this whole matter in detail in his Twenty-Eight Years in Wall Street (new edition Fifty Years, etc.), in which noble tome naive conceit and the pleasures of self-contemplation beget an almost equal degree of incautious loquacity and innocent candor.

142. By “clear the decks,” and “unload,” when financial storms threaten, bankers mean that any soon-to-shrink stocks and bonds held by them are to be at once sold to (dumped upon) somebody else, to let somebody else stand the certain loss—just as a sinful deacon might sell to his neighboring fellow-worshipper a horse he was sure would die next day, or as an enterprising grocer might sell a rotten lemon to a blind child. It is “legitimate.” It is “opportunity.” It is “business.” And conscience is a nuisance to some people when there is “opportunity” to do “business.”

143. “It is a well-known fact that the War of the Rebellion was prolonged as a result of the manipulations of the speculators who invested in bonds. While the boys in blue were baring their breasts to the enemy in a heroic struggle to save the Union, for $13 per month, the bond sharks were speculating upon their necessities and the necessities of the Government. At one time President Lincoln was so exasperated by their greedy and unpatriotic actions that he declared they ‘ought to have their devilish heads shot off.’”—Congressman Vincent, of Kansas, in the House of Representatives, April 18, 1898.

144. History of the United States, Vol. IV., pp. 44–56.

145. The Wall Street Point of View, p. 29.

146. Railway Problems, p. 95.

147. See Davis: The Union Pacific Railway, p. 187.

148. Davis: pp. 89–202.

149. Railway Problems, p. 94.

150. Professor Frank Parsons (Boston University): The Railways, the Trusts and the People, p. 64. And see Report of the Wilson Investigating Committee, pp. III, IV, et seq., and Parsons’ Chapter on “Railroad Graft.” Italics mine. G. R. K.

151. “Similar franchises and subsidies were at the same time given to the Central Pacific Railroad Company.”—Parsons: The Railways, the Trusts and the People, p. 128.

152. The United States in Our Own Time, p. 103.

153. Wilson, for several years Land Commissioner for the Illinois Central Railway Company, cited by Andrews.

154. Parsons: The Railways, the Trusts and the People, p. 106.

155. Davis: The Union Pacific Railway.

156. The Railroads, the Trusts and the People, p. 128.

157. Professors Cleveland and Powell (University of Pennsylvania): Railroad Promotion and Capitalization, p. 250. Emphasis mine. G. R. K.

158. See Professors Cleveland and Powell: Railroad Promotion and Capitalization, pp. 250, 255.

159. See Lalor’s Cyclopedia of Political Science, Political Economy, and United States History, Vol. III., p. 514.

160. The Railways, the Trusts and the People, p. 107.

161. The Fourth Illustration was prepared before the appearance of Mr. Gustavus Myers’ History of Great American Fortunes, in which the reader can find much concerning the land steals. Myers’ three volumes are brimful of bombshells for the “noble record” of the glistening barnacles that have clung to the body politic ever since George Washington was under indictment for swearing off his taxes. Mr. Myers has sadly bedimmed the glory of the illustrious “solid men of business.” The work serves as a great contribution to the literature on social parasitism concerning which the wage-earner should make all haste to get all possible information.

162. See discussions in Congressional Record of the period.

163. See Congressional Records.

164. D. R. Dewey: The Financial History of the United States, p. 467.

165. The Rough Riders, passim. Italics mine. G. R. K.

166. April 1, 6, 9, and 20, 1898.

167. See Tribune for real name in full.

168. School History of the United States, p. 476.

169. Roosevelt: The Rough Riders, passim.

170. See McClure’s Magazine, Sept., 1908.

171. The Moral Damage of War, pp. 332–33.

172. National and Social Problems, pp. 211–12.

173. Gen. U. S. Grant. Compare also Grant’s comment on the cause of the Mexican War: Memoirs, Vol. I.

174. See Chapters Seven, Section 7–12.

175. New York Evening Sun, Editorial, Feb. 24, 1910.

176. In an address, New York, May 25, 1908.

177. British authority for this statement; but exact citation unfortunately lost.

178. But see Index: “Desertion.”

179. Expansion, pp. 101–2.

180. Italics mine. G. R. K.

181. National and Social Problems, pp. 186–88.

182. Charles Seignobos: Political History of Europe Since 1815, p. 819.

183. Similar practice was common in our Civil War.

184. But see Index: “Four Historic Events.”

185. May 21, 1909. Italics mine. G. R. K.

186. Report of the United States Pullman Strike Commission: Carroll D. Wright, Chairman.

187. See Chapter Ten on “What Shall We Do About It?”

188. See article by Labor Commissioner C. D. Wright: North American Review, June, 1902; also R. T. Ely: Outlines of Economics, Edition of 1908, pp. 397–98.

189. International Journal of Ethics, April, 1908.

190. C. D. Wright: Practical Sociology, p. 38.

191. See Report of Secretary of War, 1908, p. 155. Italics mine. G. R. K.

192. An excellent edition of the law with notes, analysis, history, and suggestions by Mr. Ernest Untermann, can be had for 5 cents, of any Socialist literature agent.

193. London, March 21, 1908.

194. Miss Jane Addams: Newer Ideals of Peace, p. 232.

195. Civil Liberty, pp. 116–117.

196. G. Stanley Hall: Adolescence, Vol. I., pp. 222–23.

197. The Rough Riders, p. 139. Found in Edition of 1899, published by Charles Scribner’s Sons; page 152, as published by G. P. Putnam’s Sons.

198. System of Ethics, p. 660.

199. Militarism, pp. 60–61.

200. William Shakespeare, Pt. 3, Bk. 3, Ch. I.

201. See Chapter Eight, Section 11,—of special interest to women who incline to be “perfectly delighted” with soldiers.

202. Quoted by Thomas E. Will, Arena, Dec., 1894.

203. Moral Damage of War, pp. 146–47.

204. Education and the Higher Life, p. 171.

205. Works, Vol. IV., Dresden Edition, p. 124.

206. “Lecture on War.”

207. The Destiny of Man, pp. 100–103.

208. Lester F. Ward: Applied Sociology, p. 264.

209. Bloomfield: “Farmer’s Boy.”

210. Pope’s Homer’s “Iliad.”

211. Militarism, p. 316.

212. Quoted by John A. Hobson: John Ruskin: Social Reformer, p. 346.

213. Militarism, p. 317.

214. See Chapter Eleven.

215. See Chapter Ten, also Index: “Revolution of Opinion.”

216. See McCabe and Darien: Can We Disarm? p. 56.

217. See Index: “What War Decides”; also “Blood Cost of War.”

218. Thomas Carlyle: Sartor Resartus, Book II., Chapter 8.

219. See Index: “Parasites.”

220. Italics mine. G. R. K.

221. Report, 1907, p. 73.

222. See Report of Department of War, 1906.

223. See Annual Reports of the Secretaries of War for the years named; also Preface of the present volume.

224. Italics mine. G. R. K.

225. See Report of the War Department, 1908, p. 21; see also Index: “Insanity.”

226. The World’s Work, May, 1907.

227. Italics mine. G. R. K.

228. See Reports of the Department of War for the respective years.

229. Report of the Secretary of War, 1907, p. 72.

230. Mr. Roosevelt’s kill-for-pleasure hunting trip in Africa in 1909–10 included, according to the press reports, “a splendid time,” “a corking time,” shooting monkies—murdering his ancestral cousins, so to speak—“a careful count being kept of the exact number” of the jolly, playful little creatures butchered for the brave and noble gentleman’s amusement on his “old home” trip.

231. A private, writing from the Philippines, in Everybody’s Magazine, April, 1908.

232. Imperial Democracy, p. 272.

233. The Moral Damage of War, pp. 150–51.

234. Quoted by Professor E. A. Ross, in his Social Control, p. 89.

235. See Chapter Eight: “For Mother and the Boys,” Section 1.

236. See Index: “Bankruptcy, Danger of.”

237. The International, July, 1908. Italics mine. G. R. K.

238. Documents of the American Association for International Conciliation, 1907–08, p. 22.

239. See The Peace Conference at The Hague, pp. 93–120, and 151.

240. Harper’s Magazine, Vol. 87. See International Conciliation—Documents of the American Association for International Conciliation, 1907–08: Third Paper—“A League of Peace.”

241. See footnote on page 13; and also introductory paragraph, Chapter Seven, preceding Section 1.

242. See Index: “Another War.”

243. See Chapter Seven, Section 30.

244. See Index: “Napoleon.”

245. The Moral Damage of War, pp. 97–99.

246. See The Downfall, passim, Part II., also p. 446. This powerful story (published by the Macmillan Company, New York) is here again heartily commended to all readers of War—What For? Again the author thanks the publishers for reprint privileges.

247. Precisely! Never stopping to inquire: Who declared this war? or what for?

248. Quoted by George Allan England, in New York Daily Call, Dec. 2, 1909.

249. See Lucia A. Mead’s Patriotism and the New Internationalism, p. 22.

250. Read Walter Walsh’s Moral Damage of War, Chapter Three on the “Moral Damage of War to the Children.” The chapter is of startling importance.

251. New York World, editorial, May 6, 1910.

252. See New York Times, October 31, 1908, long article on the increasing manufacture of such toys.

253. Quoted by Walter Walsh: Moral Damage of War, p. 380.

254. The Economy of Happiness, pp. 519–20.

255. Walter Walsh: Moral Damage of War, p. 376.

256. Imperial Democracy, p. 270.

257. See Annual Report of the Secretary of War, 1908, p. 22.

258. See Social Diseases, p. 24, March, 1910; Contents—A Symposium concerning a phase of venereal diseases, being addresses and discussions at a meeting of the American Society of Sanitary and Moral Prophylaxis, held at the New York Academy of Medicine, December 9th, 1909. Address: Social Diseases, 9 East 42d Street, New York. Italics mine. G. R. K.

259. See Walter Walsh: Moral Damage of War, pp. 151–52. Emphasis mine. G. R. K.

260. Edmondson: John Bull’s Army from Within.

261. Elbert Hubbard: Health and Wealth, quoted in the New Age, August 5, 1909. See Index: “Venereal Diseases.”