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| INTRODUCTION | 3 | |
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CHAPTER I. 1643-1669. CAVELIER DE LA SALLE. |
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The Youth of La Salle: his Connection with the Jesuits; he goes to
Canada; his Character; his Schemes; his Seigniory at La Chine; his
Expedition in Search of a Western Passage to India.
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7 | |
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CHAPTER II. 1669-1671. LA SALLE AND THE SULPITIANS. |
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The French in Western New York.—Louis Joliet.—The
Sulpitians on Lake Erie; at Detroit; at Saut Ste. Marie.—The
Mystery of La Salle: he discovers the Ohio; he descends the
Illinois; did he reach the Mississippi?
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19 | |
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CHAPTER III. 1670-1672 THE JESUITS ON THE LAKE. |
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The Old Missions and the New.—A Change of Spirit.—Lake
Superior and the Copper-mines.—Ste. Marie.—LaPointe.—
Michilimackinac.— Jesuits on Lake Michigan.—Allouez and
Dablon.—The Jesuit Fur-trade.
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36 | |
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CHAPTER IV. 1667-1672. FRANCE TAKES POSSESSION OF THE WEST. |
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Talon.—Saint-Lusson.—Perrot.—The Ceremony at Saut
Ste. Marie.—The Speech of Allouez.—Count Frontenac.
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48 | |
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CHAPTER V. 1672-1675. THE DISCOVERY OF THE MISSISSIPPI. |
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Joliet sent to find the Mississippi.—Jacques Marquette.—Departure.—
Green Bay.—The Wisconsin.—The Mississippi.—Indians.—Manitous.—
The Arkansas.—The Illinois.—Joliet's Misfortune.—Marquette
at Chicago: his Illness; his Death.
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57 | |
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CHAPTER VI. 1673-1678. LA SALLE AND FRONTENAC. |
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Objects of La Salle.—Frontenac favors him.—Projects of
Frontenac.—Cataraqui.—Frontenac on Lake Ontario.—Fort
Frontenac.—La Salle and Fénelon.—Success of La
Salle: his Enemies.
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83 | |
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CHAPTER VII. 1678. PARTY STRIFE. |
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La Salle and his Reporter.—Jesuit Ascendency.—The
Missions and the Fur-trade.—Female Inquisitors.—Plots
against La Salle: his Brother the Priest.—Intrigues of the
Jesuits.—La Salle poisoned: he exculpates the Jesuits.—Renewed
Intrigues.
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106 | |
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CHAPTER VIII. 1677, 1678. THE GRAND ENTERPRISE. |
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La Salle at Fort Frontenac.—La Salle at Court: his Memorial.—Approval
of the King.—Money and Means.—Henri de Tonty.—Return
to Canada.
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120 | |
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CHAPTER IX. 1678-1679. LA SALLE AT NIAGARA. |
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Father Louis Hennepin: his Past Life; his Character.—Embarkation.—
Niagara Falls.—Indian Jealousy.—La Motte and the
Senecas.— A Disaster.—La Salle and his Followers.
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131 | |
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CHAPTER X. 1679. THE LAUNCH OF THE "GRIFFIN." |
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The Niagara Portage.—A Vessel on the Stocks.—Suffering
and Discontent.—La Salle's Winter Journey.—The Vessel
launched.— Fresh Disasters.
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144 | |
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CHAPTER XI. 1679. LA SALLE ON THE UPPER LAKES. |
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The Voyage of the "Griffin."—Detroit.—A Storm.—St.
Ignace of Michilimackinac.—Rivals and Enemies.—Lake
Michigan.— Hardships.—A Threatened Fight.—Fort
Miami.—Tonty's Misfortunes.—Forebodings.
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151 | |
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CHAPTER XII. 1679, 1680. LA SALLE ON THE ILLINOIS. |
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The St. Joseph.—Adventure of La Salle.—The Prairies.—Famine.—
The Great Town of the Illinois.—Indians.—Intrigues.—
Difficulties.—Policy of La Salle.—Desertion.—Another
Attempt to poison La Salle.
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164 | |
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CHAPTER XIII. 1680. FORT CRÈVECŒUR. |
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Building of the Fort.—Loss of the "Griffin."—A Bold
Resolution.—Another Vessel.—Hennepin sent to the
Mississippi.—Departure of La Salle.
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180 | |
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CHAPTER XIV. 1680. HARDIHOOD OF LA SALLE. |
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The Winter Journey.—The Deserted Town.—Starved Rock.—Lake
Michigan.—The Wilderness.—War Parties.—La Salle's
Men give out.—Ill Tidings.—Mutiny.—Chastisement of
the Mutineers.
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189 | |
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CHAPTER XV. 1680. INDIAN CONQUERORS. |
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The Enterprise renewed.—Attempt to rescue Tonty.—Buffalo.—A
Frightful Discovery.—Iroquois Fury.—The Ruined Town.—A
Night of Horror.—Traces of the Invaders.—No News of
Tonty.
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202 | |
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CHAPTER XVI. 1680. TONTY AND THE IROQUOIS. |
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The Deserters.—The Iroquois War.—The Great Town of the
Illinois.—The Alarm.—Onset of the Iroquois.—Peril
of Tonty.—A Treacherous Truce.—Intrepidity of Tonty.—Murder
of Ribourde.—War upon the Dead.
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216 | |
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CHAPTER XVII. 1680. THE ADVENTURES OF HENNEPIN. |
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Hennepin an Impostor: his Pretended Discovery; his Actual Discovery;
captured by the Sioux.—The Upper Mississippi.
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242 | |
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CHAPTER XVIII. 1680, 1681. HENNEPIN AMONG THE SIOUX. |
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Signs of Danger.—Adoption.—Hennepin and his Indian
Relatives.—The Hunting Party.—The Sioux Camp.—Falls
of St. Anthony.—A Vagabond Friar: his Adventures on the
Mississippi.—Greysolon Du Lhut.—Return to Civilization.
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259 | |
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CHAPTER XIX. 1681. LA SALLE BEGINS ANEW. |
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His Constancy; his Plans; his Savage Allies; he becomes Snow-blind.—Negotiations.—Grand
Council.—La Salle's Oratory.—Meeting with Tonty.—Preparation.—Departure.
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283 | |
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CHAPTER XX. 1681-1682. SUCCESS OF LA SALLE. |
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His Followers.—The Chicago Portage.—Descent of the
Mississippi.—The Lost Hunter.—The Arkansas.—The
Taensas.—The Natchez.—Hostility.—The Mouth of the
Mississippi.—Louis XIV. proclaimed Sovereign of the Great
West.
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295 | |
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CHAPTER XXI. 1682, 1683. ST. LOUIS OF THE ILLINOIS. |
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Louisiana.—Illness of La Salle: his Colony on the Illinois.—
Fort St. Louis.—Recall of Frontenac.—Le Febvre de la
Barre.—Critical Position of La Salle.—Hostility of the
New Governor.—Triumph of the Adverse Faction.—La Salle
sails for France.
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309 | |
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CHAPTER
XXII. 1680-1683. LA SALLE PAINTED BY HIMSELF. |
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Difficulty of knowing him: his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of
his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his
Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges
of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange
Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his
Character.
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328 | |
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CHAPTER XXIII. 1684. A NEW ENTERPRISE. |
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La Salle at Court: his Proposals.—Occupation of Louisiana.—Invasion
of Mexico.—Royal Favor.— Preparation.—A Divided
Command.—Beaujeu and La Salle.—Mental Condition of La
Salle: his Farewell to his Mother.
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343 | |
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CHAPTER XXIV. 1684, 1685. THE VOYAGE. |
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Disputes with Beaujeu.—St. Domingo.—La Salle attacked
with Fever: his Desperate Condition.—The Gulf of Mexico.—A
Vain Search and a Fatal Error.
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366 | |
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CHAPTER XXV. 1685. LA SALLE IN TEXAS. |
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A Party of Exploration.—Wreck of the "Aimable."—Landing
of Colonists.—A Forlorn Position.—Indian Neighbors.—Friendly
Advances of Beaujeu: his Departure.—A Fatal Discovery.
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378 | |
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CHAPTER
XXVI. 1685-1687. ST. LOUIS OF TEXAS. |
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The Fort.—Misery and Dejection.— Energy of La Salle: his
Journey of Exploration.—Adventures and Accidents.—
Buffalo.—Duhaut.—Indian Massacre.—Return of La
Salle.—A New Calamity.—A Desperate Resolution.—Departure
for Canada.—Wreck of the "Belle."—Marriage.—Sedition.—Adventures
of La Salle's Party.—The Cenis.—The Camanches.—The
Only Hope.—The Last Farewell.
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391 | |
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CHAPTER XXVII. 1687. ASSASSINATION OF LA SALLE. |
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His Followers.—Prairie Travelling.—A Hunters' Quarrel.—The
Murder of Moranget.—The Conspiracy.—Death of La Salle:
his Character.
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420 | |
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CHAPTER XXVIII. 1687, 1688. THE INNOCENT AND THE GUILTY. |
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Triumph of the Murderers.—Danger of Joutel.—Joutel among
the Cenis.—White Savages.— Insolence of Duhaut and his
Accomplices.—Murder of Duhaut and Liotot.—Hiens, the
Buccaneer.—Joutel and his Party: their Escape; they reach the
Arkansas.—Bravery and Devotion of Tonty.—The Fugitives
reach the Illinois.—Unworthy Conduct of Cavelier.—He and
his Companions return to France.
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435 | |
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CHAPTER XXIX. 1688-1689. FATE OF THE TEXAN COLONY. |
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Tonty attempts to rescue the Colonists: his Difficulties and
Hardships.—Spanish Hostility.—Expedition of Alonzo de
Leon: he reaches Fort St. Louis.—A Scene of Havoc.—Destruction
of the French.—The End.
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464 | |
| APPENDIX. | ||
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I. Early Unpublished Maps of the Mississippi and the Great Lakes.
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475 | |
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II. The Eldorado of Mathieu Sâgean.
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485 | |
| INDEX. | 493 | |
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CHAPTER I. 1620-1672. COUNT AND COUNTESS FRONTENAC. Mademoiselle de Montpensier and Madame de Frontenac • Orleans • The Maréchale de Camp • Count Frontenac • Conjugal Disputes • Early Life of Frontenac • His Courtship and Marriage • Estrangement • Scenes at St. Fargeau • The Lady of Honor dismissed • Frontenac as a Soldier • He is made Governor of New France • Les Divines. CHAPTER II. 1672-1675 FRONTENAC AT QUEBEC. Arrival • Bright Prospects • The Three Estates of New France • Speech of the Governor • His Innovations • Royal Displeasure • Signs of Storm • Frontenac and the Priests • His Attempts to civilize the Indians • Opposition • Complaints and Heart-burnings. CHAPTER III. 1673-1675. FRONTENAC AND PERROT. La Salle • Fort Frontenac • Perrot • His Speculations • His Tyranny • The Bush-rangers • Perrot revolts • Becomes alarmed • Dilemma of Frontenac • Mediation of Fénelon • Perrot in Prison • Excitement of the Sulpitians • Indignation of Fénelon • Passion of Frontenac • Perrot on Trial • Strange Scenes • Appeal to the King • Answers of Louis XIV. and Colbert • Fénelon rebuked. CHAPTER IV. 1675-1682. FRONTENAC AND DUCHESNEAU. Frontenac receives a Colleague • He opposes the Clergy • Disputes in the Council • Royal Intervention • Frontenac rebuked • Fresh Outbreaks • Charges and Countercharges • The Dispute grows hot • Duchesneau condemned and Frontenac warned • The Quarrel continues • The King loses Patience • More Accusations • Factions and Feuds • A Side Quarrel • The King threatens • Frontenac denounces the Priests • The Governor and the Intendant recalled • Qualities of Frontenac. CHAPTER V. 1682-1684. LE FEBVRE DE LA BARRE. His Arrival at Quebec • The Great Fire • A Coming Storm • Iroquois Policy • The Danger imminent • Indian Allies of France • Frontenac and the Iroquois • Boasts of La Barre • His Past Life • His Speculations • He takes Alarm • His Dealings with the Iroquois • His Illegal Trade • His Colleague denounces him • Fruits of his Schemes • His Anger and his Fears. CHAPTER VI. 1684. LA BARRE AND THE IROQUOIS. Dongan • New York and its Indian Neighbors • The Rival Governors • Dongan and the Iroquois • Mission to Onondaga • An Iroquois Politician • Warnings of Lamberville • Iroquois Boldness • La Barre takes the Field • His Motives • The March • Pestilence • Council at La Famine • The Iroquois defiant • Humiliation of La Barre • The Indian Allies • Their Rage and Disappointment • Recall of La Barre. CHAPTER VII. 1685-1687. DENONVILLE AND DONGAN. Troubles of the New Governor • His Character • English Rivalry • Intrigues of Dongan • English Claims • A Diplomatic Duel • Overt Acts • Anger of Denonville • James II. checks Dongan • Denonville emboldened • Strife in the North • Hudson's Bay • Attempted Pacification • Artifice of Denonville • He prepares for War. CHAPTER VIII. 1687. DENONVILLE AND THE SENECAS. Treachery of Denonville • Iroquois Generosity • The Invading Army • The Western Allies • Plunder of English Traders • Arrival of the Allies • Scene at the French Camp • March of Denonville • Ambuscade • Battle • Victory • The Seneca Babylon • Imperfect Success. CHAPTER IX. 1687-1689. THE IROQUOIS INVASION. Altercations • Attitude of Dongan • Martial Preparation • Perplexity of Denonville • Angry Correspondence • Recall of Dongan • Sir Edmund Andros • Humiliation of Denonville • Distress of Canada • Appeals for Help • Iroquois Diplomacy • A Huron Macchiavel • The Catastrophe • Ferocity of the Victors • War with England • Recall of Denonville. CHAPTER X. 1689-1690. RETURN OF FRONTENAC. Versailles • Frontenac and the King • Frontenac sails for Quebec • Projected Conquest of New York • Designs of the King • Failure • Energy of Frontenac • Fort Frontenac • Panic • Negotiations • The Iroquois in Council • Chevalier d'Aux • Taunts of the Indian Allies • Boldness of Frontenac • An Iroquois Defeat • Cruel Policy • The Stroke parried. CHAPTER XI. 1690. THE THREE WAR-PARTIES. Measures of Frontenac • Expedition against Schenectady • The March • The Dutch Village • The Surprise • The Massacre • Prisoners spared • Retreat • The English and their Iroquois Friends • The Abenaki War • Revolution at Boston • Capture of Pemaquid • Capture of Salmon Falls • Capture of Fort Loyal • Frontenac and his Prisoner • The Canadians encouraged. CHAPTER XII. 1690. MASSACHUSETTS ATTACKS QUEBEC. English Schemes • Capture of Port Royal • Acadia reduced • Conduct of Phips • His History and Character • Boston in Arms • A Puritan Crusade • The March from Albany • Frontenac and the Council • Frontenac at Montreal • His War Dance • An Abortive Expedition • An English Raid • Frontenac at Quebec • Defences of the Town • The Enemy arrives. CHAPTER XIII. 1690. DEFENCE OF QUEBEC. Phips on the St. Lawrence • Phips at Quebec • A Flag of Truce • Scene at the Château • The Summons and the Answer • Plan of Attack • Landing of the English • The Cannonade • The Ships repulsed • The Land Attack • Retreat of Phips • Condition of Quebec • Rejoicings of the French • Distress at Boston. CHAPTER XIV. 1690-1694. THE SCOURGE OF CANADA. Iroquois Inroads • Death of Bienville • English Attack • A Desperate Fight • Miseries of the Colony • Alarms • A Winter Expedition • La Chesnaye burned • The Heroine of Verchères • Mission Indians • The Mohawk Expedition • Retreat and Pursuit • Relief arrives • Frontenac Triumphant. CHAPTER XV. 1691-1695. AN INTERLUDE. Appeal of Frontenac • His Opponents • His Services • Rivalry and Strife • Bishop Saint-Vallier • Society at the Château • Private Theatricals • Alarm of the Clergy • Tartuffe • A Singular Bargain • Mareuil and the Bishop • Mareuil on Trial • Zeal of Saint-Vallier • Scandals at Montreal • Appeal to the King • The Strife composed • Libel against Frontenac. CHAPTER XVI. 1690-1694. THE WAR IN ACADIA. State of that Colony • The Abenakis • Acadia and New England • Pirates • Baron de Saint-Castin • Pentegoet • The English Frontier • The French and the Abenakis • Plan of the War • Capture of York • Villebon • Grand War-party • Attack of Wells • Pemaquid rebuilt • John Nelson • A Broken Treaty • Villieu and Thury • Another War-party • Massacre at Oyster River. CHAPTER XVII. 1690-1697. NEW FRANCE AND NEW ENGLAND. The Frontier of New England • Border Warfare • Motives of the French • Needless Barbarity • Who were answerable? • Father Thury • The Abenakis waver • Treachery at Pemaquid • Capture of Pemaquid • Projected Attack on Boston • Disappointment • Miseries of the Frontier • A Captive Amazon. CHAPTER XVIII. 1693-1697. FRENCH AND ENGLISH RIVALRY. Le Moyne d'Iberville • His Exploits in Newfoundland • In Hudson's Bay • The Great Prize • The Competitors • Fatal Policy of the King • The Iroquois Question • Negotiation • Firmness of Frontenac • English Intervention • War renewed • State of the West • Indian Diplomacy • Cruel Measures • A Perilous Crisis • Audacity of Frontenac. CHAPTER XIX. 1696-1698. FRONTENAC ATTACKS THE ONONDAGAS. March of Frontenac • Flight of the Enemy • An Iroquois Stoic • Relief for the Onondagas • Boasts of Frontenac • His Complaints • His Enemies • Parties in Canada • Views of Frontenac and the King • Frontenac prevails • Peace of Ryswick • Frontenac and Bellomont • Schuyler at Quebec • Festivities • A Last Defiance. CHAPTER XX. 1698. DEATH OF FRONTENAC. His Last Hours • His Will • His Funeral • His Eulogist and his Critic • His Disputes with the Clergy • His Character. CHAPTER XXI. 1699-1701. CONCLUSION. The New Governor • Attitude of the Iroquois • Negotiations • Embassy to Onondaga • Peace • The Iroquois and the Allies • Difficulties • Death of the Great Huron • Funeral Rites • The Grand Council • The Work of Frontenac finished • Results. |
CHAPTER I.1700-1713.EVE OF WAR.The Spanish Succession.—Influence of Louis XIV. on History.—French Schemes of Conquest in America.—New York.—Unfitness of the Colonies for War.—The Five Nations.—Doubt and Vacillation.—The Western Indians.—Trade and Politics3 CHAPTER II.1694-1704.DETROIT.Michilimackinac.—La Mothe-Cadillac: his Disputes with the Jesuits.—Opposing Views.—Plans of Cadillac: his Memorial to the Court; his Opponents.—Detroit founded.—The New Company.—Detroit changes Hands.—Strange Act of the Five Nations17 CHAPTER III.1703-1713.QUEEN ANNE'S WAR.The Forest of Maine.—A Treacherous Peace.—A Frontier Village.—Wells and its People.—Attack upon it.—Border Ravages.—Beaubassin's War-party.—The "Woful Decade."—A Wedding Feast.—A Captive Bridegroom34 CHAPTER IV.1704-1740.DEERFIELD.Hertel de Rouville.—A Frontier Village.—Rev. John Williams.—The Surprise.—Defence of the Stebbins House.—Attempted Rescue.—The Meadow Fight.—The Captives.—The Northward March.—Mrs. Williams killed.—The Minister's Journey.—Kindness of Canadians.—A Stubborn Heretic.—Eunice Williams.—Converted Captives.—John Sheldon's Mission.—Exchange of Prisoners.—An English Squaw.—The Gill Family55 CHAPTER V.1704-1713.THE TORMENTED FRONTIER.Border Raids.—Haverhill.—Attack and Defence.—War to the Knife.—Motives of the French.—Proposed Neutrality.—Joseph Dudley.—Town and Country94 CHAPTER VI.1700-1710.THE OLD RÉGIME IN ACADIA.The Fishery Question.—Privateers and Pirates.—Port Royal.—Official Gossip.—Abuse of Brouillan.—Complaints of De Goutin.—Subercase and his Officers.—Church and State.—Paternal Government110 CHAPTER VII.1704-1710.ACADIA CHANGES HANDS.Reprisal for Deerfield.—Major Benjamin Church: his Ravages at Grand-Pré.—Port Royal Expedition.—Futile Proceedings.—A Discreditable Affair.—French Successes in Newfoundland.—Schemes of Samuel Vetch.—A Grand Enterprise.—Nicholson's Advance.—An Infected Camp.—Ministerial Promises broken.—A New Scheme.—Port Royal attacked.—Acadia conquered120 CHAPTER VIII.1710, 1711.WALKER'S EXPEDITION.Scheme of La Ronde Denys.—Boston warned against British Designs.—Boston to be ruined.—Plans of the Ministry.—Canada doomed.—British Troops at Boston.—The Colonists denounced.—The Fleet sails for Quebec.—Forebodings of the Admiral.—Storm and Wreck.—Timid Commanders.—Retreat.—Joyful News for Canada.—Pious Exultation.—Fanciful Stories.—Walker disgraced156 CHAPTER IX.1712-1749.LOUISBOURG AND ACADIA.Peace of Utrecht.—Perilous Questions.—Louisbourg founded.—Annapolis attacked.—Position of the Acadians.—Weakness of the British Garrison.—Apathy of the Ministry.—French Intrigue.—Clerical Politicians.—The Oath of Allegiance.—Acadians refuse it: their Expulsion proposed; they take the Oath183 CHAPTER X.1713-1724.SEBASTIEN RALE.Boundary Disputes.—Outposts of Canada.—The Earlier and Later Jesuits.—Religion and Politics.—The Norridgewocks and their Missionary.—A Hollow Peace.—Disputed Land Claims.—Council at Georgetown.—Attitude of Rale.—Minister and Jesuit.—The Indians waver.—An Outbreak.—Covert War.—Indignation against Rale.—War declared.—Governor and Assembly.—Speech of Samuel Sewall.—Penobscots attack Fort St. George.—Reprisal.—Attack on Norridgewock.—Death of Rale212 CHAPTER XI.1724, 1725.LOVEWELL'S FIGHT.Vaudreuil and Dummer.—Embassy to Canada.—Indians intractable.—Treaty of Peace.—The Pequawkets.—John Lovewell.—A Hunting Party.—Another Expedition.—The Ambuscade.—The Fight.—Chaplain Frye: his Fate.—The Survivors.—Susanna Rogers250 CHAPTER XII.1712.THE OUTAGAMIES AT DETROIT.The West and the Fur-trade.—New York and Canada.—Indian Population.—The Firebrands of the West.—Detroit in 1712.—Dangerous Visitors.—Suspense.—Timely Succors.—The Outagamies attacked: their Desperate Position.—Overtures.—Wavering Allies.—Conduct of Dubuisson.—Escape of the Outagamies.—Pursuit and Attack.—Victory and Carnage272 CHAPTER XIII.1697-1750.LOUISIANA.The Mississippi to be occupied.—English Rivalry.—Iberville.—Bienville.—Huguenots.—Views of Louis XIV.—Wives for the Colony.—Slaves.—La Mothe-Cadillac.—Paternal Government.—Crozat's Monopoly.—Factions.—The Mississippi Company.—New Orleans.—The Bubble bursts.—Indian Wars.—The Colony firmly established.—The two Heads of New France298 CHAPTER XIV.1700-1732.THE OUTAGAMIE WAR.The Western Posts.—Detroit.—The Illinois.—Perils of the West.—The Outagamies.—Their Turbulence.—English Instigation.—Louvigny's Expedition.—Defeat of Outagamies.—Hostilities renewed.—Lignery's Expedition.—Outagamies attacked by Villiers; by Hurons and Iroquois.—La Butte des Morts.—The Sacs and Foxes326 CHAPTER XV.1697-1741.FRANCE IN THE FAR WEST.French Explorers.—Le Sueur on the St. Peter.—Canadians on the Missouri.—Juchereau de Saint-Denis.—Bénard de la Harpe on Red River.—Adventures of Du Tisné.—Bourgmont visits the Comanches.—The Brothers Mallet in Colorado and New Mexico.—Fabry de la Bruyère346 |