CHAPTER
X.
THE
COMING OF THE CAVALIERS.
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PAGE
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Virginia
depicted by an admirer
|
1
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Her
domestic animals, game, and song-birds
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2
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Her
agriculture
|
2, 3
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Her
nearness to the Northwest Passage
|
3
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Her
commercial rivals
|
3, 4
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|
Not
so barren a country as New England
|
4
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Life
of body and soul were preserved in Virginia; Mr. Benjamin Symes and
his school
|
5
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Worthy
Captain Mathews and his household
|
5
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|
Rapid
growth in population
|
6
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|
Historical
lessons in names of Virginia counties
|
7
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|
Scarcity
of royalist names on the map of New England
|
8, 9
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|
As
to the Cavaliers in Virginia; some popular misconceptions
|
9, 10
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Some
democratic protests
|
10, 11
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|
Sweeping
statements are inadmissible
|
11
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|
Difference
between Cavaliers and Roundheads was political, not social
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12
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Popular
misconceptions regarding the English nobility; England has never had a
noblesse, or upper caste
|
13
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Contrast
with France in this respect
|
13, 14
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Importance
of the middle class
|
14
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|
Respect
for industry in England
|
15
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|
The
Cavalier exodus
|
16
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|
Political
complexion of Virginia before 1649
|
16, 17
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The
great exchange of 1649
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17, 18
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Political
moderation shown in Virginia during the Commonwealth period
|
18
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Richard
Lee and his family
|
19
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|
How
Berkeley was elected governor by the assembly
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20
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Lee's
visit to Brussels
|
20
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How
Charles II. was proclaimed king in Virginia, but not before he had
been proclaimed in England
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21
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The
seal of Virginia
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22, 23
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|
Significant
increase in the size of land grants
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23, 24
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|
Arrival
of well-known Cavalier families
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25
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Ancestry
of George Washington
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25
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|
If
the pedigrees of horses, dogs, and fancy pigeons are important, still
more so are the pedigrees of men
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26
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|
Value
of genealogical study to the historian
|
26
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|
The
Washington family tree
|
27
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|
How
Sir William Jones paraphrased the epigram of Alc?us
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28
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|
Historical
importance of the Cavalier element in Virginia
|
28
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Differences
between New England and Virginia were due not to differences in social
quality of the settlers, but partly to ecclesiastical and still more
to economical circumstances
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29, 30
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Settlement
of New England by the migration of organized congregations
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30
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Land
grants in Massachusetts
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31
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Township
and village
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31, 32
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|
Social
position of settlers in New England
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32
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|
Some
merits of the town meeting
|
33
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|
Its
educational value
|
34
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|
Primogeniture
and entail in Virginia
|
35
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|
Virginia
parishes
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35
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The
vestry a close corporation; its extensive powers
|
36
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The
county was the unit of representation
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37
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|
The
county court was virtually a close corporation
|
38
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Powers
of the county court
|
39
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The
sheriff and his extensive powers
|
40
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|
The
county lieutenant
|
41
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|
Jefferson's
opinion of government by town meeting
|
42
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Court
day
|
42, 43
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|
Summary
|
43
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|
Virginia
prolific in great leaders
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44
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CHAPTER
XI.
BACON'S
REBELLION.
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How
the crude medi?val methods of robbery began to give place to more
ingenious modern methods
|
45
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The
Navigation Act of 1651
|
45, 46
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|
Second
Navigation Act
|
46
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|
John
Bland's remonstrance
|
47
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|
Some
direct consequences of the Navigation Act
|
47
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|
Some
indirect consequences of the Navigation Act
|
48
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|
Bland's
exposure of the protectionist humbug
|
49, 50
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|
His
own proposition
|
50, 51
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|
Effect
of the Navigation Act upon Virginia and Maryland; disasters caused by
low price of tobacco
|
51, 52
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|
The
Surry protest of 1673
|
52
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|
The
Arlington-Culpeper grant
|
53
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|
Some
of its effects
|
54
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|
Character
of Sir William Berkeley
|
55
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Corruption
and extortion under his government
|
56
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|
The
Long Assembly, 1661-1676
|
57
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Berkeley's
violent temper
|
57
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|
Beginning
of the Indian war
|
58
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|
Colonel
John Washington
|
59
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Affair
of the five Susquehannock envoys
|
60
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The
killing of the envoys
|
61
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|
Berkeley's
perverseness in not calling out a military force
|
62
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Indian
atrocities
|
62, 63
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|
Nathaniel
Bacon and his family
|
64
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His
friends William Drummond and Richard Lawrence
|
65
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|
Bacon's
plantation is attacked by the Indians, May, 1676
|
65
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|
Bacon
marches against the Indians and defeats them
|
66
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|
Election
of a new House of Burgesses
|
66
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|
Arrest
of Bacon
|
67
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|
He
is released and goes to lodge at the house of "thoughtful Mr.
Lawrence"
|
67
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|
Bacon
is persuaded to make his submission and apologizes to the governor
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68, 69
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In
spite of the governor's unwillingness, the new assembly reforms many
abuses
|
70, 71
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|
How
the "Queen of Pamunkey" appeared before the House of Burgesses
|
72-74
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The
chairman's rudeness
|
74
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Bacon's
flight
|
74
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His
speedy return
|
75
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How
the governor was intimidated
|
76
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|
Bacon
crushes the Susquehannocks while Berkeley flies to Accomac and
proclaims him a rebel
|
76
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|
Bacon's
march to Middle Plantation
|
77
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|
His
manifesto
|
78
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|
His
arraignment of Berkeley; he specifies nineteen persons as "wicked
counsellors"
|
80
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|
Oath
at Middle Plantation
|
81
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|
Bacon
defeats the Appomattox Indians
|
82
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Startling
conversation between Bacon and Goode
|
82-86
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Perilous
situation of Bacon
|
86
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The
"White Aprons" at Jamestown
|
87
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Bacon's
speech at Green Spring
|
88
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Burning
of Jamestown
|
89
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|
Persons
who suffered at Bacon's hands
|
89, 90
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|
Bacon
and his cousin
|
90
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|
Death
of Bacon, Oct. 1, 1676
|
91
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|
Collapse
of the rebellion
|
92
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|
Arrival
of royal commissioners, January, 1677
|
92
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|
Berkeley's
outrageous conduct
|
93
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Execution
of Drummond
|
94
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|
Death
of Berkeley
|
95
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|
Significance
of the rebellion
|
96
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|
How
far Bacon represented popular sentiment in Virginia
|
97
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|
Political
changes since 1660; close vestries
|
98, 99
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Restriction
of the suffrage
|
100, 101
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|
How
the aristocrats regarded Bacon's followers
|
102, 103
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|
The
real state of the case
|
104
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Effect
of hard times
|
104, 105
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|
Populist
aspect of the rebellion
|
106
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|
Its
sound aspects
|
106
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|
Bacon
must ever remain a bright and attractive figure
|
107
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CHAPTER
XII.
WILLIAM
AND MARY.
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A
century of political education
|
108
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Robert
Beverley, clerk of the House of Burgesses
|
109
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His
refusal to give up the journals
|
110
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Arrival
of Lord Culpeper as governor
|
110, 111
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The
plant-cutters' riot of 1682
|
111, 112
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|
Contracting
the currency with a vengeance
|
112
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|
Culpeper
is removed and Lord Howard of Effingham comes to govern in his stead
|
113
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|
More
trouble for Beverley
|
114
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|
For
stupid audacity James II., after all, was outdone by George III.
|
114, 115
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|
Francis
Nicholson comes to govern Virginia and exhibits eccentric manners
|
115
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How
James Blair founded William and Mary College
|
116, 117
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How
Sir Edmund Andros came as Nicholson's successor and quarrelled with
Dr. Blair
|
118
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|
How
young Daniel Parke one Sunday pulled Mrs. Blair out of her pew in
church
|
119
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Removal
of Andros
|
119
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|
The
Earl of Orkney draws a salary for governing Virginia for the next
forty years without crossing the ocean, while the work is done by
lieutenant-governors
|
120
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|
The
first of these was Nicholson once more
|
120
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Who
removed the capital from Jamestown to Middle Plantation, and called it
Williamsburg
|
121
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|
How
the blustering Nicholson, disappointed in love, behaved so badly that
he was removed from office
|
122, 123
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|
Fortunes
of the college
|
123
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|
Indian
students
|
124
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|
Instructions
to the housekeeper
|
125
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|
Horse-racing
prohibited
|
126
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|
Other
prohibitions
|
126
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|
The
courtship of Parson Camm; a Virginia Priscilla
|
127, 128
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|
Some
interesting facts about the college
|
128, 129
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|
Nicholson's
schemes for a union of the colonies
|
129, 130
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CHAPTER
XIII.
MARYLAND'S
VICISSITUDES.
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|
Maryland
after the death of Oliver Cromwell
|
131
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|
Fuller
and Fendall
|
132
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|
The
duty on tobacco
|
133
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Fendall's
plot
|
134
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|
Temporary
overthrow of Baltimore's authority
|
135
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|
Superficial
resemblance to the action of Virginia
|
136
|
|
Profound
difference in the situations
|
137
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|
Collapse
of Fendall's rebellion
|
138
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|
Arrival
of the Quakers
|
138, 139
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|
The
Swedes and Dutch on the Delaware River
|
139
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|
Augustine
Herman
|
140
|
|
He
makes a map of Maryland and is rewarded by the grant of Bohemia Manor
|
141
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|
How
the Labadists took refuge in Bohemia Manor
|
142, 143
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|
How
the Duke of York took possession of all the Delaware settlements
|
143
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|
And
granted New Jersey to Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret
|
144
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|
Which
resulted in the bringing of William Penn upon the scene
|
144
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|
Charter
of Pennsylvania
|
145
|
|
Boundaries
between Penn and Baltimore
|
145, 146
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|
Old
manors in Maryland
|
146
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|
Life
on the manors
|
147
|
|
The
court leet and court baron
|
148
|
|
Changes
wrought by slavery
|
148, 149
|
|
A
fierce spirit of liberty combined with ingrained respect for law
|
149
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|
Cecilius
Calvert and his son Charles
|
150
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|
Sources
of discontent in Maryland
|
150
|
|
A
pleasant little family party
|
151
|
|
Conflict
between the Council and the Burgesses
|
151, 152
|
|
Burgesses
claim to be a House of Commons, but the Council will not admit it
|
152
|
|
How
Rev. Charles Nichollet was fined for preaching politics
|
153
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|
The
Cessation Act of 1666
|
153
|
|
Acts
concerning the relief of Quakers and the appointment of sheriffs
|
153, 154
|
|
Restriction
of suffrage in 1670
|
154, 155
|
|
Death
of Cecilius, Lord Baltimore
|
155
|
|
Rebellion
of Davis and Pate, 1676; their execution
|
156
|
|
How
George Talbot, lord of Susquehanna Manor, slew a revenue collector and
was carried to Virginia for trial
|
157
|
|
How
his wife took him from jail, and how he was kept hidden until a pardon
was secured
|
158
|
|
"A
Complaint from Heaven with a Hue and Cry"
|
159
|
|
The
anti-Catholic panic of 1689
|
159
|
|
Causes
of the panic
|
160
|
|
How
John Coode overthrew the palatinate government
|
161
|
|
But
did not thereby bring the millennium
|
162
|
|
How
Nicholson removed the capital from St. Mary's to Annapolis
|
162, 163
|
|
Unpopularity
of the establishment of the Church of England
|
163
|
|
Episcopal
parsons
|
164
|
|
Exemption
of Protestant dissenters from civil disabilities
|
165
|
|
Seymour
reprimands the Catholic priests
|
166
|
|
Cruel
laws against Catholics
|
167
|
|
Crown
requisitions
|
168
|
|
Benedict
Calvert, fourth Lord Baltimore, becomes a Protestant and the
palatinate is revived
|
168, 169
|
|
Change
in the political situation
|
170
|
|
Charles
Carroll entertains a plan for a migration to the Mississippi Valley
|
171
|
|
How
the seeds of revolution were planted in Maryland
|
171
|
|
End
of the palatinate
|
172, 173
|
CHAPTER
XIV.
SOCIETY
IN THE OLD DOMINION.
|
|
How
the history of tobacco has been connected with the history of liberty
|
174
|
|
Rapid
growth of tobacco culture in Virginia
|
175
|
|
Legislative
attempts to check it
|
176
|
|
Need
for cheap labour
|
176
|
|
Indentured
white servants
|
177
|
|
How
the notion grew up in England that Virginians were descended from
convicts; Defoe's novels, a comedy by Mrs. Behn, Postlethwayt's
Dictionary, and Gentleman's Magazine
|
178-180
|
|
Who
were the indentured white servants
|
181
|
|
Redemptioners
|
182
|
|
Distribution
of convicts
|
183
|
|
Prisoners
of war
|
184
|
|
Summary
|
185
|
|
Careers
of white freedmen
|
186
|
|
Representative
Virginia families were not descended from white freedmen
|
187
|
|
Some
of the freedmen became small proprietors
|
187
|
|
Some
became "mean whites"
|
188, 189
|
|
Development
of negro slavery; effect of the treaty of Utrecht
|
190
|
|
Anti-slavery
sentiment in Virginia
|
191
|
|
Theory
that negroes were non-human
|
192
|
|
Baptizing
a slave did not work his emancipation
|
193
|
|
Negroes
as real estate
|
194
|
|
Tax
on slaves
|
194
|
|
Treatment
of slaves
|
195, 196
|
|
Fears
of insurrection
|
196
|
|
Cruel
laws
|
197, 198
|
|
Free
blacks a source of danger
|
199
|
|
Taking
slaves to England; did it work their emancipation?
|
200
|
|
Lord
Mansfield's famous decision
|
201
|
|
Jefferson's
opinion of slavery
|
201
|
|
Immoralities
incident to the system
|
202, 203
|
|
Classes
in Virginia society
|
204
|
|
Huguenots
in Virginia
|
204, 205
|
|
Influence
of the rivers upon society
|
206
|
|
Some
exports and imports
|
207
|
|
Some
domestic industries
|
208
|
|
Beverley
complains of his countrymen as lazy, but perhaps his reproachful tone
is a little overdone
|
210
|
|
Absence
of town life
|
210, 211
|
|
Futile
attempts to make towns by legislation
|
212
|
|
The
country store and its treasures
|
213, 214
|
|
Rivers
and roads
|
215
|
|
Tobacco
as currency
|
216
|
|
Effect
upon crafts and trades
|
217
|
|
Effect
upon planters' accounts
|
218
|
|
Universal
hospitality
|
219
|
|
Visit
to a plantation; the negro quarter
|
220
|
|
Other
appurtenances
|
221
|
|
The
Great House or Home House
|
222
|
|
Brick
and wooden houses
|
222, 223
|
|
House
architecture
|
223, 224
|
|
The
rooms
|
224
|
|
Bedrooms
and their furniture
|
225
|
|
The
dinner table; napkins and forks
|
226
|
|
Silver
plate; wainscots and tapestry
|
227
|
|
The
kitchen
|
228
|
|
The
abundance of wholesome and delicious food
|
228, 229
|
|
The
beverages, native and imported
|
229, 230
|
|
Smyth's
picture of the daily life on a plantation
|
230, 231
|
|
Very
different picture given by John Mason; the mode of life at Gunston
Hall
|
232-234
|
|
A
glimpse of Mount Vernon
|
235
|
|
Dress
of planters and their wives
|
236
|
|
Weddings
and funerals
|
237
|
|
Horses
and horse-racing
|
237-239
|
|
Fox-hunting
|
239
|
|
Gambling
|
239, 240
|
|
A
rural entertainment of the olden time
|
240, 241
|
|
Music
and musical instruments
|
242
|
|
The
theatre and other recreations
|
243
|
|
Some
interesting libraries
|
243-245
|
|
Schools
and printing
|
245, 246
|
|
Private
free schools
|
246
|
|
Academies
and tutors
|
247
|
|
Convicts
as tutors
|
248
|
|
Virginians
at Oxford
|
249
|
|
James
Madison and his tutors
|
250
|
|
Contrast
with New England in respect of educational advantages
|
251
|
|
Causes
of the difference
|
252, 253
|
|
Illustrations
from the history of American intellect
|
254
|
|
Virginia's
historians; Robert Beverley
|
255
|
|
William
Stith
|
255, 256
|
|
William
Byrd
|
256-258
|
|
Jefferson's
notes on Virginia; McClurg's Belles of Williamsburg; Clayton the
botanist
|
259
|
|
Physicians,
their prescriptions and charges
|
260
|
|
Washington's
last illness
|
260
|
|
Some
Virginia parsons, their tricks and manners
|
261, 263
|
|
Free
thinking; superstition and crime
|
264
|
|
Cruel
punishments
|
265
|
|
Lawyers
|
266
|
|
A
government of laws
|
267
|
|
Some
characteristics of Maryland
|
267-269
|
CHAPTER
XV.
THE
CAROLINA FRONTIER.
|
|
How
South Carolina was a frontier against the Spaniards
|
270
|
|
How
North Carolina was a wilderness frontier
|
271
|
|
The
grant of Carolina to eight lords proprietors
|
272
|
|
John
Locke and Lord Shaftesbury
|
272, 273
|
|
"Fundamental
Constitutions" of Carolina
|
274
|
|
The
Carolina palatinate different from that of Maryland
|
275
|
|
Titles
of nobility
|
276
|
|
Albemarle
colony
|
276
|
|
New
Englanders at Cape Fear
|
277
|
|
Sir
John Yeamans and Clarendon colony
|
277
|
|
The
Ashley River colony and the founding of Charleston
|
278
|
|
First
legislation in Albemarle
|
279
|
|
Troubles
caused by the Navigation Act
|
280
|
|
The
trade between Massachusetts and North Carolina
|
281
|
|
Eastchurch
and Miller
|
282
|
|
Culpeper's
usurpation
|
283
|
|
How
Culpeper fared in London
|
284
|
|
How
Charleston was moved from Albemarle Point to Oyster Point
|
285
|
|
Seth
Sothel's tyranny in Albemarle and his banishment
|
286, 287
|
|
Troubles
in Ashley River colony
|
287
|
|
The
Scotch at Port Royal
|
288
|
|
A
state without laws
|
289
|
|
Reappearance
of Sothel, this time as the people's friend
|
289
|
|
His
downfall and death
|
290
|
|
Clarendon
colony abandoned
|
290
|
|
Philip
Ludwell's administration
|
290, 291
|
|
Joseph
Archdale and his beneficent rule
|
291
|
|
Sir
Nathaniel Johnson and the dissenters
|
292
|
|
Unsuccessful
attempt of a French and Spanish fleet upon Charleston
|
293
|
|
Thomas
Carey
|
294
|
|
Porter's
mission to England
|
295
|
|
Edward
Hyde comes to govern North Carolina
|
296
|
|
Carey's
rebellion
|
296, 297
|
|
Expansion
of the northern colony; arrival of Baron Graffenried with Germans and
Swiss; founding of New Berne
|
297
|
|
Accusations
against Carey and Porter of inciting the Indians against the colony
|
297
|
|
These
accusations are highly improbable and not well supported
|
298
|
|
Survey
of Carolina Indians
|
298-300
|
|
Algonquin
tribes
|
298
|
|
Sioux
tribes; Iroquois tribes
|
299
|
|
Muscogi
tribes
|
300
|
|
Algonquin-Iroquois
conspiracy against the North Carolina settlements
|
300
|
|
Capture
of Lawson and Graffenried by the Tuscaroras; Lawson's horrible death
|
301
|
|
The
massacre of September, 1711
|
302
|
|
Aid
from Virginia and South Carolina
|
302, 303
|
|
Barnwell
defeats the Tuscaroras
|
303
|
|
Crushing
defeat of the Tuscaroras by James Moore; their migration to New York
|
304
|
|
Administration
of Charles Eden
|
304, 305
|
|
Spanish
intrigues with the Yamassees
|
305
|
|
Alliance
of Indian tribes against the South Carolinians and nine months'
warfare
|
306
|
|
Administration
of Robert Johnson
|
306
|
|
The
revolution of 1719 in South Carolina; end of the proprietary
government in both colonies
|
308
|
|
Contrast
between the two colonies
|
308, 309
|
|
Interior
of North Carolina contrasted with the coast
|
310, 311
|
|
Unkempt
life
|
311
|
|
A
genre picture by Colonel Byrd
|
312, 313
|
|
Industries
of North Carolina
|
313
|
|
Absence
of towns
|
314, 315
|
|
A
frontier democracy
|
315
|
|
Segregation
and dispersal of Virginia poor whites
|
316
|
|
Spotswood's
account of the matter
|
317
|
|
New
peopling of North Carolina after 1720; the German immigration
|
318
|
|
Scotch
Highlanders and Scotch-Irish
|
318, 319
|
|
Further
dispersal of poor whites
|
319, 320
|
|
Barbarizing
effects of isolation
|
321
|
|
The
settlers of South Carolina, churchmen and dissenters
|
323
|
|
The
open vestries
|
323
|
|
South
Carolina parish, purely English in its origin, not French like the
parishes of Louisiana
|
324
|
|
Free
schools
|
325
|
|
Rice
and indigo
|
326
|
|
Some
characteristics of South Carolina slavery
|
327, 329
|
|
Negro
insurrection of 1740
|
329
|
|
Cruelties
connected with slavery
|
330
|
|
Social
life in Charleston
|
331
|
|
Contrast
between the two Carolinas
|
332, 333
|
|
The
Spanish frontier and the founding of Georgia
|
333
|
|
James
Oglethorpe and his philanthropic schemes
|
334
|
|
Beginnings
of Georgia
|
335, 336
|
|
Summary;
Cavaliers and Puritans once more
|
337
|
CHAPTER
XVI.
THE
GOLDEN AGE OF PIRATES.
|
|
The
business of piracy has never thriven so greatly as in the seventeenth
century
|
338
|
|
Pompey
and the pirates
|
338
|
|
Chinese
and Malay pirates on the Indian Ocean and Mussulman pirates on the
Mediterranean Sea
|
339
|
|
The
Scandinavian Vikings cannot properly be termed pirates
|
339, 340
|
|
Sir
William Blackstone's remarks about piracy
|
340
|
|
Character
of piracy
|
341
|
|
To
call the Elizabethan sea-kings pirates is silly and outrageous
|
341, 342
|
|
Features
of maritime warfare out of which piracy could grow
|
342, 343
|
|
Privateering
|
343
|
|
Fighting
without declaring war
|
344
|
|
Lack
of protection for neutral ships
|
344
|
|
Origin
of buccaneering; "Brethren of the Coast"
|
345
|
|
Illicit
traffic in the West Indies
|
346
|
|
Buccaneers
and filibusters
|
347
|
|
The
kind of people who became buccaneers
|
348
|
|
The
honest man who took to buccaneering to satisfy his creditors
|
349
|
|
The
deeds of Olonnois and other wretches
|
349, 350
|
|
Henry
Morgan and his evil deeds
|
350, 351
|
|
Alexander
Exquemeling and his entertaining book
|
352
|
|
How
Morgan captured Maracaibo and Gibraltar in Venezuela
|
353
|
|
The
treaty of America of 1670 for the suppression of buccaneering and
piracy
|
353
|
|
Sack
of Panama by Morgan and his buccaneers
|
354
|
|
How
Morgan absconded with most of the booty
|
355
|
|
How
English and Spanish governors industriously scotched the snake
|
355
|
|
How
the chief of pirates became Sir Henry Morgan, deputy-governor of
Jamaica, and hanged his old comrades or sold them to the Spaniards
|
356
|
|
How
the treaty of America caused his downfall
|
357
|
|
Decline
of buccaneering
|
357
|
|
Pirates
of the South Sea
|
358, 359
|
|
Plunder
of Peruvian towns
|
360
|
|
Effects
of the alliance between France and Spain in 1701
|
360
|
|
Pirates
in the Bahama Islands and on the Carolina coast
|
361
|
|
Effect
of the navigation laws in stimulating piracy
|
362, 363
|
|
Effect
of rice culture upon the relations between South Carolina settlers and
the pirates
|
363
|
|
Wholesale
hanging of pirates at Charleston
|
364
|
|
How
pirates swarmed on the North Carolina coast
|
365
|
|
Until
Captain Woodes Rogers captured the Island of New Providence in 1718
|
365
|
|
The
North Carolina waters furnished the last lair for the pirates
|
365
|
|
How
Blackbeard, the last of the pirates, levied blackmail upon Charleston
|
366, 367
|
|
Epidemic
character of piracy; cases of Kidd and Bonnet
|
368
|
|
Fate
of Bonnet and Blackbeard, and final suppression of piracy
|
369
|
CHAPTER
XVII.
FROM
TIDEWATER TO THE MOUNTAINS.
|
|
Family
and early career of Alexander Spotswood
|
370
|
|
He
brings the privilege of habeas corpus to Virginia, but wrangles
much with his burgesses
|
371
|
|
His
energy and public spirit
|
372
|
|
How
the Post-Office Act was resisted by the people
|
373, 375
|
|
Disputes
as to power of appointing parsons
|
376
|
|
Beginnings
of continental politics in America
|
376
|
|
Beginning
of the seventy years' struggle with France
|
377
|
|
How
the continental situation in America was affected by the war of the
Spanish succession
|
378, 379
|
|
Different
views of Spotswood and the assembly with regard to sending aid to
Carolina
|
379, 380
|
|
How
the royal governors became convinced that the thing most needed in
English America was a continental government that could impose taxes
|
381
|
|
Franklin's
plan for a federal union
|
381, 383
|
|
It
was the failure of the colonies to adopt Franklin's plan that led soon
afterwards to the Stamp Act
|
382, 383
|
|
How
Spotswood regarded the unknown West
|
383
|
|
Attempts
to cross the Blue Ridge
|
384
|
|
How
the Blue Ridge was crossed by Spotswood
|
385
|
|
Knights
of the Golden Horseshoe
|
386
|
|
Spotswood's
plan for communicating between Virginia and Lake Erie
|
387, 388
|
|
Condition
of the postal service in the English colonies under Spotswood's
administration
|
389
|
|
Brief
mention of Governors Gooch and Dinwiddie
|
390
|
|
Importance
of the Scotch-Irish migration to America
|
390, 391
|
|
In
1611 James I. began colonizing Ulster with settlers from Scotland and
England
|
391
|
|
In
Ulster they established flourishing manufactures of woollens and
linens
|
392
|
|
Which
excited the jealousy of rival manufacturers in England
|
393
|
|
Legislation
against the Ulster manufacturers
|
393
|
|
Civil
disabilities inflicted upon Presbyterians in Ulster
|
393
|
|
These
circumstances caused such a migration to America that by 1770 it
amounted to more than half a million souls
|
394
|
|
Many
Scotch-Irish settled in the Shenandoah Valley, and were closely
followed by Germans
|
395
|
|
This
Shenandoah population exerted a most powerful democratizing influence
upon the colony
|
396
|
|
Jefferson
found in them his most powerful supporters
|
396
|
|
Lord
Fairfax's home at Greenway Court; Fairfax's affection for Washington
|
397
|
|
How
the surveying of Fairfax's frontier estates led Washington on to his
public career
|
398
|
|
The
advance of Virginians from tidewater to the mountains brought on the
final struggle with France
|
398, 399
|
|
Advance
of the French from Lake Erie
|
399
|
|
Washington
goes to warn them from encroaching upon English territory
|
399
|
|
MAPS.
|
|
Westward
Growth of Old Virginia, from a sketch by the author
|
Frontispiece
|
|
North
Carolina Precincts in 1729, after a map in Hawks's History of North
Carolina
|
276
|
|
A
Map of ye most Improved Part of Carolina, from Winsor's
America, vol. v. p. 351
|
306
|