A
Achæan League, organisation and dissolution, 203, 204
Acontius and Cydippe, love story of a modern type, 94
Actium, battle, 71
Æneid of Virgil, see Virgil
Æolic school, characteristic, 53
Æschylus, source of his tragedy, 36, 37;
one of the “three tragic poets,” 47;
Milton’s view of, 47;
characters of his plays, 48;
judge of tragedy, 73;
music of, 136
Agamemnon: great play, 27;
opening of, 48;
“vulgar and trivial persons,” 48;
contributes to Byron, 55;
Browning’s version, 57;
often translated into English, 58
Prometheus Vinctus: model for Paradise Lost, 47
Æsculapius, shrine of, 176
Agamemnon, see Æschylus
Agatharchus, discovers principles of perspective, 130
Alcæus, poet, 37
Alexander, Life of, 97
Alexandria, library, collecting of, gives impetus to literary criticism, 91
Alexandrian school, development of mechanics, 162;
invention of the sakia, 165
Alkestis, see Euripides
Alma-Tadema, Sir Edward, influenced by Greek art, 131, 132
Amyot, imitated Greek novel, 96
Anatomy, how studied by Greeks, 148
Anaxagoras, principal feature of his system, 229;
on original particles, 229;
Aristotle on, 229;
his famous Nous, 230, 231
Anaximander, makes advances in astronomy, 216, 217;
geological observations of, 218
Anaximenes, idea of the fundamental element of the world, 216, 217;
theory of eclipses, 217
Antiphon, treatises of, 82
Antony and Cleopatra, see Shakespeare
Aphrodite of Melos, mentioned, 118
Apollonius of Perga, treatment of conic sections, 161, 167
Apollonius Rhodius, delights in nature, 59
Argonautics: great epic, 41;
model for Milton, 43;
and Goethe’s Faust, 44
Arabic numerals, 157
Archilochus, poet, 37
Archimedes, triumphs of, in mechanics, 162, 167
Architecture, earliest form of house, 99;
houses of the dead, 100-102, 110, 111;
square house, 102;
evolution of classical, 103;
building materials, 103;
Doric, 104;
temples, 105, 110;
distinction between house and temple, 106, 107;
perfection of religious, 106, 107;
arch not used by Greeks, 107, 108;
Greek and Roman, compared, 108;
purpose in parts of a building, 109;
origin of arch, 109;
Roman use of arch, 110;
ornamentation of, by sculpture, 120
Archytas, 167
Areopagitica, see Milton
Argonautics, see Apollonius Rhodius
Argos, slaves in, 188
Aristides, studied oratory, 70
Aristocracies, in classical and mediæval times, 184
Aristophanes, as critic, 92;
ridicules Asklepiads, 176
Aristophanes, diction and metre, 37;
greatest master of Greek comedy, 60, 61;
Frere’s translation, 61, 64;
Rogers’s translation, 61;
influence and legacy, 61
Birds and Frogs: 27
Aristotle, almost canonised, 19;
criticism of Iphigenia in Aulis, 62, 72;
criticism of Medea, 62;
distinction between prose and poetry, 62, 63;
on Herodotus, 62, 63, 73;
on dramatic poetry and history, 72, 74;
and Herodotus, on style and subject of history, 74;
treatise on Language, 149;
treatise on Reasoning, 150;
arithmetical proof of theorem in geometry, 156;
on geometry, 159;
“master of those that knew,” 167;
brought up in Socratic method, 167;
style of writing, 167, 168;
system of collaboration, 168, 171;
collaborators, 169;
does no original work in mathematics, 169;
competence in mathematics, 170;
sciences promoted by, 171;
views on slavery, 189;
views on craftsmen, 189;
essential in his ideal of a state, 206;
objection to atomic theory, 233;
influence on modern thought, 237;
his philosophy and the Church, 242
Constitution of Athens: 169
Poetic: on tragic poetry, 61;
on dramatic poetry and history, 72
Aristoxenus, collaborator with Aristotle, 169
Arithmetic, starting-point of mathematics, 153;
importance of, to Pythagoras, 153;
numbers the essence of the universe, 153, 154;
Greek meaning of, 154;
Pythagorean speculations on natural series of units, 155;
specimens of treatment by Pythagoras, 156;
importance of numbers ten and twelve, 156;
Greek notation, 157;
Euclid’s works on, 161;
books on history of, 170
Arnold, Matthew, compares Milton’s style with Virgil’s, 46;
writes plays after Greek models, 58
Merope: 58
Art, earliest Greek, 12;
proper province of, 33, 34;
use of the term, 98
Artificiality of Greek poetry, defined, 33, 34
Asklepiads, method of, 176
Assemblies, in Greek democracies, 183
Astronomy, books on history of, 170
Atalanta, see Swinburne
Athens, debts in, 186;
leadership, 201;
degeneration of spiritual life in, 210
Atomic theory, developed by Leucippus and Democritus, 231, 232;
results of, 233;
Aristotle’s objections to, 233
Atomists, doctrine of, 218, 219
Atreus, tomb of, 102, 111
Attic citizens, character, 208
Attic Code of laws, 190, 261
Attic life, portrayed by Menander, 208, 209

B
Bacchylides, comparison of Gray with, 54
Beehive huts, earliest form of house, 99;
extant examples, 99, 100;
not easily defended, 99;
once a general type, 100;
houses of the dead, 100-102;
Treasury of Athens, 101;
development of, 102
Biography, Plutarch, model, 80
Birds and Frogs, of Aristophanes, 27
Blow’s anthem, “I beheld and lo! a great multitude,” 126
Boccaccio, and Greek novels, 95
Botany, promoted by Aristotle, 171
Botticelli, Greek influence on, 131
Brougham, Lord, on Demosthenes, 84
Browning, Robert, his version of Agamemnon, 57;
version of Euripides, 57, 58, 64
Brydges, Sir Egerton, on choruses in Samson Agonistes, 50
Buckle’s Civilisation, famous opening, 5
Burke, Edmund, style influenced by Isocrates, 90;
translation of the Tract on the Sublime, 92
Burlington Art Club of London, collection of Greek fragments, 21
Byron, Lord, leader of Romantic school, 55;
knowledge of Greek poetry, 55;
borrows from Æschylus, 55;
interested in Greek life and Greece, 56;
interests Romanticists in Greece, 56
Byzantine architecture, 18

C
Calverley’s Theocritus, 64
Cambridge Platonists, 240
Carrey, Jacques, drawings of Parthenon, 52
Cathedral of Henry the Lion at Brunswick, 119
Chalmers, Thomas, Scotch orator, style, 90
Chapman, translation of the Iliad, 45, 51
Charioteer of Delphi, 117
Choral hymns, Doric, 41
Cicero on Pindar, 50;
on history, 80;
style modelled on that of Isocrates, 88, 90
De Finibus: 245
City states, in Greece, 183;
combinations and alliances, 200
Colours, use, 118
Comedy, Greek, influence, 60, 61
Composition in sculpture, 120, 122
Comus, see Milton
Constantinople, adheres to Hellenic traditions, 182
Constitution of Athens, 169
Contracts, civil, 194
Conversation, perfection of Greek style, 90, 91;
Plato’s Dialogues, 91
Corcyrean massacre, Thucydides on, 77
Cornford, Mr., Thucydides Mythistoricus, referred to, 77
Criticism, literary, beginnings, 91;
models of, 92;
Tract on the Sublime, 92
Cyclic poets, 42
Cyrus, of Xenophon, 94

D
Dante, gloomy splendour, 19
Inferno: 27
Daphnis and Chloe, author unknown, 96;
best specimen of Greek novel, 96
Dark Ages, conditions in, 181;
causes of retrogression, 236
Darwin, Charles, on sense of colour, 128
Death penalty, 192
Debts, reduction of by Solon, 186
Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, see Gibbon
Decoration, painting a branch of, 132, 133;
household, 145, 146
De Corona, see Demosthenes
De Finibus of Cicero, 245
De Jure Pacis et Belli, by Hugo Grotius, 198
Delos, discoveries at, 145
Delphi, treasury of Siphnos, 122;
hymn discovered at, 134
Democritus, development of Atomic theory, 231, 232;
consequences to which his theory led him, 233
Demosthenes, combined orator and politician, 70;
character of orations, 83, 84
De Corona: greatest
Greek oration, 83;
style, 84
Derby, Lord, translator, 57
Descartes, teachings of, 216, 224;
on colour, 216;
on extension and thought, 224
Diagoras of Melos, atheist, 215
Dialects, Homeric, 33, 40, 41;
main cause of their use, 40
Dialogues of Plato, see Plato
Diatonic scale, basis of Greek music as well as of modern, 135, 142-144
Didot, Epistolographi Graeci, 92
Dikæarchus, collaborator with Aristotle, 169
Dion Chrysostom, rhetor and sophist, 93
Dionysius of Halicarnassus, essays of, 92
Dionysius of Syracuse, tyrant, 205
Diophantus, work in arithmetic and algebra, 161, 162, 167
Donatello’s problem, 113
Dorians, literary prose had its origin among them, 67, 68
Doric choral hymns, 41
Doric pillar, 104
Doric temple, 104
Dörpfeld, Dr., Greek critic, 27;
discoveries at Tiryns, 105
Drama, Greek, beginnings, 36;
influence, 46 ff, 57, 58
Dryden, John, translation of Virgil, 53;
model for Gray, 54
Ode to St. Cecilia: shows Greek influence, 55

E
Eclogues of Virgil, 24
Education, Greek: ethical inquiry, 215;
subjects of thought, 215;
relation of
music to, 136, 137, 144;
relation of mathematics and science to philosophy, 179;
higher: and Greek studies, 20;
relation of mathematics and philosophy, 179;
essential element, 214;
best exponent, 215;
relation to character, 241
Egypt, greatness, 5;
influence on Greece, 11
Egyptian art, influence on Greek art, 145
Elea, school of, founder, 221
Eleusinian Mysteries, 115
Empedocles, wrote in verse, 39;
principal feature of his system, 229;
postulated principles of Love and Hate, 230, 231
Entretiens sur l’architecture, see Viollet-le-Duc
Epic poetry, Greek, 41;
modern, 42;
influence, 42
Epicteta, will of, 196
Epicureans, on music and morals, 138;
and Stoics, 244
Epicurus, system of, 245
Epidauros, place of pilgrimage, 176
Epistolographi Graeci, 92
Epoch of Irish History, see Mahaffy, J. P.
Erechtheus of Swinburne, 58
Etruscans, and the arch, 105;
culture of, 110
Euclid, how attained perfection, 158, 159;
on optics, 166;
father of geometry, 167;
founds Peripatetic Mathematics, 170
Elements: summary of all principles discovered previously, 158;
three kinds of data, 159;
careful definitions, 159;
misfortune of, 160;
thirteen books, 160, 161
Eudemus the Rhodian, collaborator with Aristotle, 169;
his history of sciences, 170
Eudoxus, astronomer, 167
Euripides, Milton’s view of, 47;
introduces “vulgar and trivial persons” into his plays, 48;
influence on development of Samson Agonistes, 49;
choruses of, 51;
Browning’s version of his plays, 57-58, 64;
and Tennyson, 60;
Medea, 62
Alkestis: Browning’s version of, 57
Iphigenia in Aulis: type of heroine, 62;
Aristotle’s criticism of, 62, 72
Mad Herakles: Browning’s version of, 57
Everyman, represents horrors of Middle Ages, 115
Excursion, see Wordsworth

F
Fall of Miletus, see Phrynichus
Faust, see Goethe
Federation, early example, 203
Fick, Augustus, on place-names, 7
Frere’s translation of Aristophanes, 61, 64

G
Geometry, Euclid’s, 158-161, 167;
books on history of, 170
Georgics of Virgil, 24
Germany, reduction of many states into one empire, 204
Gibbon, Edward, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, conception which moved author to write, 79
Gladstone, William E., style of eloquence, 89
Goethe, Faust: a world epic, 27;
borrowings from Argonautics, 44
Golden Age of Greek Literature, 91
Gray, Thomas, Greek temper, 54;
compared with Simonides
and Bacchylides, 54;
swept away by Romantic wave, 54;
prefers Celtic and national subjects, 54;
Greek style, 54;
grasps splendour of Pindar, 54;
shows influence of Greek poetry, 54, 55;
love of nature, 59
Greece, advantageous position of, 11;
economic conditions in time of Polybius, 206;
modern character of civilisation, 207
Greek culture, vital essence, 182;
Latin, compared with, 182
Greek learning, revival of, 17-20
Greek scholars in Western Europe, 17, 18
Greek society, conditions, 213, 214
Greek studies, place in higher education, 20-22;
and Latin, 22, 23;
source of culture, 23;
comparative value of originals and translations, 23-26
Greeks, the, explanations of pre-eminence insufficient, 3-7;
pre-eminence unexplained, 7-9;
originality, 9;
genius of race analogous to genius of individual, 9;
powers of assimilation and reproduction, 10-12;
important position between two civilisations, 11;
effect of diverse influences, 11, 12;
receptive, but not
absorbed, 13, 14;
persistence of characteristics, 15;
accomplishments in world’s history, 16-18;
influence of, 53;
not wanting in love for nature, 59;
why no means of expressing Christian spirit, 113;
and Christianity, 113;
race of varied experience, 116;
sense of fitness in sculpture, 116;
power of logic upon their minds, 152;
triumphs gained by hard thinking, 179;
traders, 187;
attitude toward monarchy, 205;
furnish lessons in failures as well as in achievements, 205, 206;
middle classes most important, 206;
adopt limitation of family, 207
Grote, George, historian, 56;
not interested in travelling in Greece, 56;
on Attic citizens, 208
Grotius, Hugo, De Jure Pacis et Belli, 198
Guesses at Truth, see Hare

H
Hamlet of Shakespeare, 48
Hare, Guesses at Truth, quoted, 52
Hecatæus, historian, 71
Hegemony of Greece, what it was, 201;
leaders, 201
Hellenic race, see Greeks
Heracleitus of Ephesus, early writer of prose, 67;