his fundamental element of the world, 219;
on qualities of matter, 220, 221
Herculaneum, 145
Hermes of Praxiteles, 106
Hero and Leander, 96
Herodotus, Father of History, world model of art of history, 71-75;
subject, 71, 74, 78;
essence of history as an art, 73;
agrees with Aristotle as to style and subject of history, 74;
style, 74, 75;
so-called inventions of, 76;
vindicated, 76;
compared with Thucydides, 76, 78;
on Cyrene, 77;
quoted, 116
Heron, development of mechanics and hydrostatics, 147, 162, 167;
ingenious inventions of, 162-164, 165
Herondas, Mimes, inferior poetry, 39
Hiero of Xenophon, 116
Hipparchus, astronomer, 167
Hippocrates of Kos, Father of Rational Medicine, 67, 171;
founds school of medicine, 171;
style of writing, 172;
works out a system of treatment, 172;
Aphorisms quoted, 172;
John Stearne on works of, 174;
mental attitude of, 174;
ignores supernatural causes of diseases and cures, 175;
quoted, 175;
combats superstition, 176;
principles, 177;
oath of practitioners, 178
Hipponax, 41
History, early annalists, 70;
Herodotus and Thucydides, 71;
models of the art and science of history, 71;
Aristotle’s view of, 72, 74;
Herodotus on history as art, 73, 74;
views of Herodotus and Aristotle compared, 74;
simplicity, 75;
Herodotus vindicated, 76;
Thucydides compared with Herodotus, 76;
views of Thucydides, 77;
style of Thucydides, 78, 79;
human history as a great drama, 79;
characteristics that will make it last, 80
History of Greek Literature, see Mahaffy, J. P.
Homer, understood by all generations, 14;
his influence through Pope, 53
Homeric dialect, 33, 40, 41
Homeric poems, artificiality, 33;
beacon light, 37;
translations, 45, 51, 52
Horace, Greek lyrics, 4;
version of Alcæus, Sappho, and Pindar, 53
Hydrostatics, development by Heron, 147, 162
Hylozoists, study of, basis of higher work in science, 234

I
Iliad, translated into many languages, 26;
a world epic, 27, 41;
imitated, 41;
model for all time, 42;
and Milton’s Paradise Lost, 42, 43;
Chapman’s translation, 45, 51;
Pope’s translation, 51, 52, 53;
expunged texts, 183
Immigration, no inducements for, in Greece, 207
India, civilisation, 6
Inferno of Dante, 27
Interest, rate of, in Greece, 187
Intermarriage, 198
International relations of Greek states, 198;
war, 199-200;
political combinations or alliances, 200 ff
Invalides in Paris, 111
Ionia, subjugation of, checks development of Greek prose, 67
Ionic school, subjects of speculation, 216;
study of, important, 234
Iphigenia in Aulis, see Euripides
Ireland, landed gentry, 212
Isæus, treatises of, 82;
speeches, 194-196
Isocrates, father of political essay, 86;
originates political pamphlets, 87;
devises and perfects laws of prose composition, 88;
teaches his style, 88

J
Jonson, Ben, knowledge of Greek, 45

K
Keats, John, Greek spirit, 46;
not familiar with Greek originals, 46, 56
Ode on a Greek Vase: 132
Keltic influences on Greece, 12
Kos, school of, 176, 178

L
Land legislation in Greece compared with that in Ireland and Scotland, 187
Language, perfected use of, by Greeks, 148;
analysis of, 149;
Greek: Non-Aryan roots, 7;
permanence, 14
Laocoon, 116
Laplace’s theory, 220
Latin, place in higher education, 22, 23;
medium of Greek influence, 45
Latin culture, why not permanent, 182;
compared with Greek, 182
Latin races, 3
Latin Vulgate, the, St. Jerome compares it with Greek
and Hebrew originals, 19
Law, Greek, Attic Code model for Romans and other nations, 190;
criminal, 191 ff;
compared with that of Modern Europe, 192;
safety of citizens, 192;
death penalty, 192, 193;
civil, 193-198;
contracts, 194;
testaments or wills, 194-197;
international, 198 ff
Leighton, Lord, influenced by Greek art, 131, 132
Lepanto, battle, 72
Letter-writing, Greek letters not remarkable, 93;
Cicero’s formulæ, 93;
exceptions, 93
Leucippus, development of Atomic theory, 231;
father of modern systems, 236
Literary criticism, beginnings, 91;
models, 92;
Tract on the Sublime, 92
Loans, 194
Local government, not representative, but popular, 189, 190
Locke, teachings of, 216
Logic, approached by Greeks through analysis of language, 148;
beginnings of logical studies, 149;
treatises of Aristotle on theory of Reasoning, 149, 150;
importance of common logic, 150;
small attention paid to, in American education, 150, 152;
English and European training in, 151;
power of, on Greek minds, 151, 152;
and Greek mathematics, 153
Lourdes, place of pilgrimage, 177
Lucretius, claims, 4
Lyric poetry, beginnings, 37;
influence, 53-57, 59, 60
Lysias, presentation of argument in character, 83

M
Macbeth, of Shakespeare, 48
Macedonian power, 205, 211
Machinery, inventions of Heron, 162-164;
moving force of automatic sakia, 165
Mad Herakles, see Euripides
Magee, Archbishop, style of eloquence, 89;
modelled after Chalmers, 90;
style based upon principles of Isocrates, 90
Mahaffy, J. P., Epoch of Irish History: referred to, 173
History of Greek Literature: on poetry, 31;
on obscurity of Thucydides, 79;
on Isocrates and Demosthenes, 82;
on conversation, 91
Rambles and Studies in Greece: on persistence of characteristics, 15, 16
Social Life in Greece: main thesis, 15
Marius the Epicurean, by Walter Pater, 244
Mathematics, school of Pythagoras, 153, 155, 156, 161, 167;
theory of Descartes, 154;
arithmetic, 153, 154;
geometry, 158;
mathematical physics, 162;
library of Greek, 166;
pure, 166, 169;
Peripatetic, 170
Mausollus of Halicarnassus, tyrant, 205
Mechanics, development by Archimedes, Heron, and Alexandrian school, 162
Mediæval schools, training in logic, 150, 151
Medicine, formulated by Greeks, 147;
school of Hippocrates, 171 ff;
mediæval, 174, 175;
and superstition, 174, 175;
resurrection of, 176
Menander, character of plays, 34, 94;
translations by Plautus and Terence, 61, 208, 209;
influence, 61;
portrays Attic society, 208-210;
fragments of plays discovered in Egypt, 209
Meredith, George, characteristic of his work, 79
Merope, of Matthew Arnold, 58
Middle Ages, a period of gloom, 114, 115;
conditions in, 181;
causes of retrogression in, 182
Miletus, fall of, checks the development of Greek prose, 67;
temple, statues at entrance, 120
Milton, John, poetic vision disturbed by political controversies, 42;
influenced by Greek epic, 42;
influenced by Greek drama, 46;
poetic style and metre, 46;
Matthew Arnold on, 46;
defence of dramatic poetry, 47;
on Shakespeare and Greek masters, 47;
on Greek tragedy, 47-49;
choruses and lyrical monodies, 50;
inspired by Isocrates, 88, 90
Areopagitica: style, 88
Comus: lyric sweetness, 51
Paradise Lost: best modern epic, 42;
compared with the Iliad, 43;
divine and human in, 43;
redundancy of similes, 43;
and Argonautics, 43;
and Prometheus Vinctus, 47
Samson Agonistes: Greek form, 47, 49, 50;
borrowings from Œdipus and Prometheus, 49;
development influenced by Euripides, 49;
Greek spirit, 50;
lyrics and choral odes, 50, 51;
Sir Egerton Brydges on, 50
Mimes, see Herondas
Minyæ, Tomb of the, 101, 108, 111
Motion and matter, 234
Mummius, cause of conquest of, 211
Music, first beginnings, 99, 133 ff;
notation related to meaning, 125;
existing specimens of Greek, fragmentary, 134;
comparison of Greek with Japanese, 135;
Greek scales, 135, 142-144;
and Greek poetry, 136;
relation to education, 136, 137, 144;
effect upon morals, 137-140, 144;
Greek music source of modern, 141;
simplicity, 141;
Greek works on, 141;
Plato on instrumental and vocal, 141;
extant Greek tracts on, 142;
Hungarian, 142;
problems of Greek, 142;
scientific basis of harmony discovered by Pythagoreans, 143;
Pythagorean theory, 143;
Aristotle on melody, 144;
summary of Greek music, 144

N
Naples, 145
Natural history, collection of facts by Greeks, 147
Natural philosophy, 236
Nike of Samothrace, 117
Novel, development among Greeks, 93, 94;
and Menander’s plays, 94;
main topic imported from East, 94

O
Ode on a Greek Vase, by Keats, 132
Ode to St. Cecilia, see Dryden
Odyssey, world epic, 27, 41;
imitated, 41;
unequalled, 42
Œdipus, see Sophocles
Optics, Euclid’s work on, 166
Oratory, school of pleaders, 68;
treatment of subject, 69;
subject of great importance, 69, 70;
eloquence of debate and eloquence of display, 68, 81;
Greeks adverse to extemporaneous speaking, 81;
art of persuasion, 82;
arguments and manner of presenting, 82, 83;
legal rhetoric, 83;
speeches of Demosthenes, 83;
De Corona, 83;
Greek oratory of debate still the model of modern world, 85
Orchomenos, 101
Ornament, earlier in development than architecture, 99;
in pre-historic ages, 99;
in Doric temple, 104

P
Painting, 125 ff;
examples of Greek, 126, 127;
qualities requisite for success, 128;
Greek sense of form, 128;
Greek sense of colour, 128-130;
landscape little developed among Greeks, 130, 131;
portraits, 131;
mythical subjects, 131;
and sculpture, 131;
indirect influence on modern painting, 131, 132;
Greek vases, 132;
branch of decoration, 132, 133
Pantheism, doctrine of, 222-224;
positive side of, 223;
arguments for, 224;
how regarded by Greek public, 225;
and Wordsworth, Shelley, Tennyson, 228, 229
Pantheists, Greek, character of, 222;
legacy to mankind, 228;
effect on modern poetry, 228
Pantheon, 111
Pappus, work in geometry, 161
Papyrus I. of Turin, 197
Paradise Lost, see Milton
Parmenides, 236;
gives positive side of doctrine of pantheism, 223
Parthenon, unexcelled, 27;
J. Carrey’s drawings of, 52;
frieze, 113, 122;
horses of, 121;
ornamentation, 130
Pastoral poetry developed by Theocritus, 35
Pater, Walter, Marius the Epicurean, 244
Paul, Saint, on Stoicism, 245
Pausanias, and temple of Hera, 105;
and Tomb of the Minyæ, 108
Peisias, the Lycian, will of, 196
Peloponnesus, cities of, 201
Penrose, Mr., Greek critic, 27
Pericles studied oratory, 70
Peripatetic Mathematics, 170
Persians of Timotheus, see Timotheus
Peyron, Amédée, 197
Phædo, of Plato, 242
Phelps, W. L., on Gray, 54
Pherecydes of Syros, predecessor of Heracleitus, 67
Phidias, and the Laocoon, 116;
his ornamentation of the Parthenon, 121, 122;
his procession of figures, 122, 123
Philodemus, Tract on Music, on effect of music on morals, 138
Philosophy, relation to science, 169, 236;
secular and free, 215, 216
Phœnicia, influence on Greece, 11, 12
Phœnician alphabet, 12
Phormio, 71
Phrynichus, Fall of Miletus: displeasing to Attic audience, 73, 115
Physical geography, 169
Physics, mathematical, 162;
developed by Archimedes, 162;
development of hydrostatics and mechanics by Heron, 162, 167
Pindar, Cicero on, 50;
Horace’s appreciation, 53
Pindar, Odes, 27
Place-names, Greek, 7
Plato, influence on Wordsworth, 57;
as critic, 92;
on influence of music, 139, 141;
philosophy of, 237;
influence on modern thought, 237;
views of education, 237, 238;
theology, 238 ff;
on moral law, 239, 240;
on aristocracy of intellect, 241;
on immortality of soul, 242
Dialogues: model of conversation, 91;
logical studies in, 149;
character, 214;
subjects, 215
Phaedo: 242
Politicus: 238
Republic: picture of gloom, 116;
ideal for safeguard of society in, 238
Sophist: 152
Platonism, 228
Plautus, translation of Menander, 61, 209
Plutarch, model for modern biographers, 80
Lives: North’s translation furnished Shakespeare with subjects, 45, 80;
influence on French Revolution, 46
Poetic, see Aristotle
Poetry, Greek: 31 ff;
carefully studied product, 32, 37;
dialects, 33, 40;
development, 34, 35;
pastoral, 35;
dramatic, 36;
lyric, 37;
form and spirit, 38;
diction and metre, 38;
best studied in the original, 38, 64;
examples of inferior, 38, 39;
associated with other arts, 39;
dignity and brevity, 40;
and modern poetry, 41 ff;
great epics, 41;
influence, 42 ff;
how far reduced to theory, 61-63;