PLATE LXXI.
 
REVERSE ENGLISH CAROMS.

In illustration of caroms through the application of the “reverse twist,” performing curious angles thereby and gathering the balls.

Diagram 1.—Cue-ball ⅝ below, ⅝ right, object-ball ⅛ right; stroke, “ordinary.” Cue-ball cushions at b, from which it performs curved line in effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at c, d, a, resting at e. The carom-ball crosses table, cushions at g, resting at f. An acute wrist delivery is necessary in order to impart extreme “draw-and-twist” to the cue-ball.

Diagram 2.—Cue-ball ⅝ left, ⅛ above, object-ball ¾ left; stroke, “ordinary.” Cue-ball takes cushion at a, b, effecting carom by reverse twist, on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at c, d, resting at e.

This stroke is played to gather the object-ball at ball 2. If the cue-ball is played around the table, imparting opposite twist, taking cushions a, b, d, the object-ball will be “lost.”

PLATE LXXII.
 
ONE-CUSHION AND KISS STROKES.

Illustrating a carom by “kiss” gathering the balls, also carom from same position from one cushion.

Cue-ball ⅝ below, ½ left, object-ball ⅛ left; stroke, ½ in excess of “medium.” Cue-ball “kisses” directly to ball 2. Object-ball is struck ⅛ left, driving it to cushion a, b, resting at c. Carom-ball takes direction d, after carom has been effected. The object-ball must be hit with exactness to get it away from the cushion to the points a, b, c.

Again, cue-ball ¼ left, ¼ above, object-ball ½ left; stroke, ½ in excess of “medium.” Cue-ball cushions at e, effecting, carom on ball 2. Object-ball takes direction approximating dotted line.

PLATE LXXIII.
 
CLOSE DRAW.

Illustrating a fair stroke where the balls are near a “freeze,” effecting a “draw” and “English,” the cue-ball performing a concave curve on its course to cushion.

Cue-ball ⅝ below, ⅝ right, object-ball ¾ left; stroke, “hard.” Cue-ball describes curve, cushions at a, b, c, effecting carom on ball 2, which rests at h, with cue-ball at i. Object-ball doubles the width of table, cushions at d, e, f, resting at g.

The carom could be made with a massé, but position would be sacrificed. The close draw is played in order to gather the balls.

The stroke is an acute wrist and arm delivery, and should be given with confidence.

PLATE LXXIV.
 
TWIST AND DRAW STROKES.

Illustrating excessive twist and draw when the cue-balls rest on the cushion.

Diagram 1.—Cue-ball ⅝ below, ⅝ right, object-ball 15
16
left; stroke, ½ in excess of “medium.” Object-ball cushions at a, returning to b. Cue-ball, by excessive draw and twist, caroms on ball 2.

The object in imparting excessive twist to cue-ball is to avoid cushion in recoil. The object-ball is struck slightly to the left, and the twist overcoming the outward tendency this would naturally give to the cue-ball, brings it back to a straight line.

Diagram 2.—Cue-ball ⅝ right, ⅛ above, object-ball ½ left; stroke, “medium.” Object-ball cushions at c, resting at d. Cue-ball cushions at e, effects carom on ball 2.

In practising this stroke, the object-ball must be set about the distance of ½ ball from the cushion.

If the ball be so set that it be hit too full it will throw the cue-ball toward the corner at a; again, if it be struck too fine the cue-ball will be thrown to the left of ball 2.

PLATE LXXV.
 
THE KISS AND TWIST STROKE.

Diagram 1.—Cue-ball ½ above, ¼ left, object-ball ⅞ right; stroke, ½ in excess of “medium.” Cue-ball by kiss effects carom on ball 2. To reach the carom-ball in this stroke it is absolutely necessary that the object-ball be struck ⅞ right, more or less will bring the cue-ball short of or beyond the corner at ball 2.

Diagram 2.—Cue-ball ½ below, ⅝ left, object-ball ⅞ right; stroke, “ordinary.” Cue-ball by kiss cushions at a, b, effecting carom on ball 2.

This latter diagram shows a comparatively difficult position from which to effect a carom. The excessive twist completes the stroke. The proper direction of aim must be first determined—in this diagram it is to point a on end cushion. The player is asked to observe the angle of cue from the cue-ball to the cushion.

PLATE LXXVI.
 
CLOSE DRAW AND FOLLOW MASSÉ.

Illustrating two of the most difficult of these two strokes—draw and massé.

Diagram 1.—Cue-ball ½ below, ⅝ right, object-ball ⅞ left; stroke, ½ in excess of “medium.” Cue-ball cushions at a, effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at b, resting at c.

This stroke is one-half draw with excessive twist, the latter actually effecting the carom.

Diagram 2.—Massé follow.—Cue-ball ½ forward, ½ left, object-ball 15
16
right; stroke, ½ in excess of “medium.” Elevation of cue 78¾°.

Cue-ball describes curve, and effects carom on ball 2. As the balls lie in this diagram an ordinary plain massé is impossible, as the player will not be able to reach the cue-ball from either side the table, therefore the follow massé is resorted to. Through force of the massé, the cue-ball curves out as shown, but returns to proper line, governed by the excessive twist and massé.