Diagram 1.—Cue-ball ⅝ below, ¼ right, object-ball ⅞ right; stroke, “ordinary.” Cue-ball caroms on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at a, b, c, and rests in corner near ball 2. Allowance must be made for curve of the cue-ball when it leaves the object-ball, and it must be considered in calculating the imaginary line of progress over the cloth of the cue-ball.
Diagram 2.—Cue-ball ⅝ below, ¼ left, object-ball ⅞ left; stroke, “ordinary.” Cue-ball describes acute curve on leaving object-ball, and caroms on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at a, b, c, gathering in corner near ball 2. Draw for the carom-ball as though there was no cushion near by, for it is better to learn to do entirely without this cushion assistance.
Diagram 1.—Cue-ball ⅛ below, ⅛ right, object-ball ½ right; stroke, ½ in excess of “medium.”
Diagram 2.—Cue-ball ¼ below, ¼ right, object-ball ⅝ right; stroke, ½ in excess of “medium.”
Diagram 3.—Cue-ball ½ below, ½ right, object-ball ⅝ right; stroke, ½ in excess of “medium.”
Diagram 4.—Cue-ball ⅝ below, ⅝ right, object-ball ¾ right; stroke, ¾ in excess of “medium.”
Cue-ball cushions in each instance at points a. Object-ball in diagram 1 cushions at b, f, in diagram 2 at c, f, in diagram 3 at d, g, in diagram 4 at e, h, all stopping at i, and cue-ball effects carom on ball 2.
Diagram 5.—A massé. Cue-ball ½ left, ½ aft, perpendicular; object-ball ¾ right; stroke, “medium.” The cue-ball curves, letting ball 1 through for position, and caroms on ball 2. This is a direct curve massé, the cue-ball in centre of other balls, the three being in a line about one inch from rail. Spot on cue-ball indicates where it is to be struck by cue, looking down upon it.
The line of aim is the dotted line from a to b.
Diagram 1.—Cue-ball ⅝ below, ½ right, object-ball ⅞ right; stroke, ½ greater than “medium.” Cue-ball cushions at a, effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at c, d, e, f, resting at g.
Diagram 2.—Cue-ball ⅝ left, ⅝ below, object-ball 15
16 right; stroke,
½ in excess of “medium.” Cue-ball cushions at a, through
the strong draw delivery of the cue and having also the excessive
reverse twist in it, performs the obtuse angle from a
to carom-ball. Object-ball cushions at b, c, resting at d, the
balls here gathering. The delivery of the cue on the cue-ball
⅝ below and left is one that requires much practice to perfect.
Diagram 1.—Cue-ball ½ left, ⅛ below, taking cushion first at a, then the object-ball, ¾ right, considered from point a on cushion; stroke, ½ in excess of “medium.” Cue-ball cushions again at b, effecting carom on ball 2 which rolls to d. Object-ball crosses table, cushions at e, stopping at c. This stroke is played with the forearm and wrist.
Diagram 2.—Cue-ball ⅝ below, ½ left, object-ball ¾ left; stroke, ½ in excess of “medium.” Cue-ball cushions at a, effecting carom on ball 2 which stops at c. Object-ball cushions at b, e, and rests at d. The quick wrist movement only is employed in this stroke.
Illustration of a series of caroms effected with cue and object-ball in one given position, also a peculiar “kiss” carom with balls in a line.
Diagram 1.—Cue-ball ⅝ left, ¼ above, object-ball 15
16 right; driving
it to cushion at a, b, a little beyond which it contacts
with carom-ball forcing it to point d, where the cue-ball
meets it and effects carom. Stroke, ½ in excess of “slow.”
Cue-ball cushions at c with an excessive spinning twist.
Diagram 2.—To carom on balls 1 and 2: cue-ball ⅜ right, ⅛ below, object-ball ½ left; stroke, ½ of “slow.” Cue-ball cushions at a, effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at b, c, resting at d.
To carom on ball 3.—Cue-ball ½ right, ⅛ below, object ball ½ left; stroke, ½ less than “slow.” Cue-ball cushions at a, and object-ball cushions at b, c, stopping at d.
To carom on ball 4.—Cue-ball ¼ left, ¼ below, object-ball ½ left; stroke, ½ in excess of “ordinary.”
To carom on ball 5.—Cue-ball ½ left, ¼ below, object-ball ½ left; stroke, “slow.”
To carom on ball 6.—Cue-ball ½ below, ½ left, object-ball ½ left; stroke, “ordinary.” Cue-ball cushions at a, e, b, g.
Again on ball 6.—Cue-ball ¼ above, ⅛ right, object-ball ¼ right; stroke, “ordinary.” Cue-ball cushions at e, effecting carom by one cushion on ball 6.
Diagram 1.—Cue-ball ⅛ below, ⅝ left, object-ball ¾ right; stroke, ½ in excess of “medium.” Cue-ball cushions at a, b, c, effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at d, e, resting finally at f, near ball 2. This is a stroke that occurs often in the course of a game, the position being changed to the other side of the table, possibly. Most players are content with making the carom simply, and, with that only in view, merely “cut fine” the object-ball, whilst, if they would play full upon it with twist the stroke would be as surely effected, and a fine set-up is left. The secret of the stroke is to throw the object-ball at the point d on side cushion at corner, or as near that as possible; excessive twist being given the cue-ball, the carom is assured.
Diagram 2.—Cue-ball ⅛ above, ⅛ left, object-ball ½ left; stroke, “medium.” Cue-ball “kisses” directly on carom-ball, and object-ball, springing from the cushion, rolls to a.
Diagram 1.—Cue-ball ⅝ right, object-ball full centre; stroke, “slow.” The excessive twist upon cue-ball causes the latter to curve to the left whilst hitting the object-ball at the line of a full ball. The twist of the cue-ball gives a slight opposite twist to the object-ball, which in its turn communicates the motion in a less degree to the carom-ball, causing the latter to deflect from its natural course on leaving the cushion at a, meeting cue-ball at b, the object-ball being carried to one side by the excessive twist of cue-ball and the “kiss” from carom-ball. A carom may be effected on left of balls by changing the twist force to left side of cue-ball.
Diagram 2.—Cue-ball ½ below, ⅝ right, object-ball ⅝ right; stroke, “medium.” The carom can be made on either side of the balls by changing slightly the direction.
Diagram 3.—Cue-ball ¼ above, object-ball 31
32 left; stroke, ½ in excess
of “slow.” Object-ball strikes the carom-ball a hair off
its centre, taking direction a; the cue-ball follows, effecting
carom.
Diagram 4.—Cue-ball ½ above, object-ball 31
32 right; stroke ½ in
excess of “slow.” Carom by double kiss at a.
Diagram 1.—Cue-ball ½ above, ¼ left, object-ball 15
16 right; stroke,
“ordinary.” Cue-ball cushions at g, d, e, effecting carom on
ball 2. Object-ball cushions at a, b, c, resting at f. This is a
follow-cushion stroke, the cue-ball hugging cushion.
Diagram 2.—Cue-ball ⅝ right, ½ above, object-ball ⅞ left; stroke, “ordinary.” Cue-ball describes curved line, effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball doubles the table, cushions at a, b, c, resting at d.
Point the cue and object balls to cover the angles of dotted lines. Deliver a quick wrist stroke, using care against foul.
Diagram 1.—Cue-ball centre, object-ball ½ left; stroke, “ordinary.” Cue-ball kisses direct onto ball 2.
Diagram 2.—Cue-ball ½ below, ⅝ left, object-ball ¾ right; stroke, ½ in excess of “medium.” Cue-ball takes cushion at a, and thence to b, where carom-ball meets it, having been forced directly down the cushion by kiss from object-ball. The balls are in such position here that a fine stroke is impossible, and where a massé is exceedingly difficult.
Diagram 1.—Cue-ball ⅝ left, ¼ above, object-ball full; stroke, “slow.” Carom-ball, kissed by object-ball, cushions at b, returns to a, where cue-ball meets it and effects carom.
Diagram 2.—Cue-ball ½ above, ½ left, object-ball ⅞ left; stroke, “ordinary.” Cue-ball cushions c, d, e, effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball doubles table, takes cushion at a, resting at b. This is termed a “following cushion hug stroke.”
Diagram 3.—Cue-ball ⅝ left, ⅛ above, object-ball 15
16 right; stroke,
½ in excess of “slow.” The cue-ball taking a curved line on
object-ball, forcing it out from the cushion that it may strike
the carom-ball on right of centre, thus making room for cue-ball,
the object-ball going to right. Carom-ball cushions at b,
meeting cue-ball on rebound at a, where carom is effected.
Diagram 4.—Cue-ball ½ above, ¼ right, object-ball ⅛ left. Kissing carom-ball to cushion at b, the cue-ball following and meeting carom-ball at a, where carom is effected.
Diagram 5.—Cue-ball ¼ above object-ball 31
32 left; stroke, ½ in excess
of “medium.” Object-ball kisses carom-ball to cushion at a,
upon its rebound it meets cue-ball at b.
Diagram 1.—Cue-ball ⅝ right, ½ below, object-ball ¾ left; stroke, ½ in excess of “ordinary.” Cue-ball cushions at a, b, and c, effecting a carom on ball 2. Object-ball is kissed out, resting at d. The object-ball, in this stroke, is touching the cushion; the cue-ball is about ¼-ball below, a right line from the former. The carom is effected by a “kiss” from object-ball to opposite cushion at a, b, and, with an excessive twist, the cue-ball performs angles shown.
Diagram 2.—Cue-ball ⅝ left, ⅛ above, object-ball 31
32 right; stroke,
“medium.” Cue-ball curves, forcing object-ball from the
cushion, permitting the ball to pass through and meet carom-ball
at a after the latter has rebounded from cushion at b.
Diagram 3.—Massé. Cue-ball struck at spot ⅝ left, ½ forward. Carom-ball is kissed by object-ball into corner at b, where cue-ball meets it. Strength, “slow.”
Diagram 4.—Cue-ball ⅝ left, ⅝ above, object-ball “full”; stroke, ½ in excess of “medium.” Cue-ball meets carom-ball at a through kiss.
Cue-ball ¼ below, ⅛ left, object-ball ⅝ left; stroke, ½ in excess of “ordinary.” Cue-ball doubles the width of the table, cushions at a, b, effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at c, d, e, resting at f.
If the cue-ball is struck above centre it will describe a curved line from a to b, thereby missing the carom, by taking the end cushion and passing ball 2. The accuracy of this stroke is in delivering the cue below the centre of the ball which causes the cue-ball to take a direct line from each cushion.
Diagram 1.—Cue-ball ½ below, object-ball ⅞ left; stroke, ½ in excess of “medium.” Cue-ball effects carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at a, b, resting at c.
Diagram 2.—Cue-ball ⅝ below, object-ball ⅞ left; stroke, ½ in excess of “medium.” Cue-ball effects carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at d, b, resting at c.
Diagram 3.—Cue-ball ⅝ below, object-ball 15
16 left; stroke, ½ in
excess of “medium.” Cue-ball effects carom on ball 2. Object-ball
cushions at e, f, and rests at c.
The above are all wrist-strokes, and should be played with a careful delivery.
Diagram 4.—Cue-ball ½ above, object-ball 31
32 left, the latter striking
carom-ball 31
32 right; stroke, ½ in excess of “slow.”
The object-ball kisses off carom-ball, taking direction of dotted line, resting at or near a; the cue-ball effects the carom. Here the carom-ball lies in corner touching two cushions. The three balls are in a direct line.
Diagram 1.—Cue-ball ¼ left, ¼ above, object-ball ¼ left; stroke, “ordinary.” Cue-ball cushions at d, a, b, c, effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball takes direction of dotted line.
Diagram 2.—Cue-ball ¼ above, ⅛ right, object-ball ⅛ left; stroke, “ordinary.” Cue-ball cushions at d, a, b, c, or possibly the player may not be able to hug the cushion beyond one or two of points indicated by the letters. Object-ball takes direction of dotted lines. The angles in this diagram are more obtuse than those in Diagram 1, and the object-ball lies away from the end-cushion.
Cue-ball ⅜ below, ¼ left, object-ball ½ left; stroke, “ordinary.” Cue-ball cushions at a, b, effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at e, c, resting at d.
A carom may also be effected from object-ball 1 by direct kiss to ball 2. In this stroke: cue-ball ½ left, ⅛ above, object-ball ⅞ left; stroke, ½ in excess of “medium.”
Diagram 1.—Cue-ball ½ left, ½ below, object-ball ½ left; stroke, “medium.” Cue-ball cushions at a, b, effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at c, crosses table, and rests at e. The carom-ball rests at d.
Diagram 2.—Cue-ball ½ below, ⅝ left, object-ball ⅛ left; stroke, ½ in excess of “medium.” Cue-ball cushions at a, effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at b, resting at c.
This stroke is very effective in gathering the balls, and may be readily played, with care. Similar strokes are played with the first object-ball lying well out toward the centre of the table, with the cue-ball occupying a similar position in its bearings toward the object-ball. The cue-ball leaves the cushion at a sharp and in direct line to the carom-ball.
Diagram 1.—Cue-ball ⅝ below, ¼ right, object-ball 31
32 right;
stroke, ¼ in excess of “medium.” Cue-ball cushions at a, effecting
carom on ball 2, the latter resting at f; cue-ball rests
at e. Object-ball cushions at f, b, c, resting at d. The secret
in this stroke is in getting off the object-ball sharp and
clear to cushion at a. The cue-ball should travel slowly to
carom-ball from being struck so nearly full on object-ball.
Diagram 2.—Cue-ball ½ below, ¼ right, object-ball ⅞ right; stroke, ¼ in excess of “medium.” Cue-ball cushions slowly at a, effecting carom on ball 2, which rests at f, and the cue-ball at g. Object-ball cushions at b, c, d, resting at e.
Diagram 1.—Cue-ball ½ below, ⅝ left, object-ball ½ left; stroke, ½ in excess of “medium.” Cue-ball cushions at a, b, c, effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at d, e, resting at f.
Diagram 2.—A kiss carom.—Cue-ball ⅛ above, object-ball 31
32 right;
stroke, ¼ less than “slow.” Carom-ball cushions at b, where
it meets cue-ball, and carom is effected.
Diagram 3.—Cue-ball ¼ below, ⅛ left, object-ball ⅞ left; stroke, “ordinary.” Cue-ball cushions at a, effecting carom on ball 2, which rests at b. Object-ball cushions at d, e, f, g, stopping at c.
Diagram 1.—Cue-ball ¼ right, ½ below, object-ball ½ right, calculated from point a; stroke, ½ in excess of “medium.” Cue-ball cushions at a, taking object-ball ½ full, effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at b, c, resting at d. This is a bank stroke, cue-ball played on cushion first before striking any ball. Object-ball is at such a location in corner that the stroke shown is the only practicable one.
Diagram 2.—Cue-ball ⅝ right, ½ below, object-ball ½ left, calculated from point a; stroke, ¼ in excess of “medium.” Cue-ball cushions at a, strikes object-ball ½ full, cushions again at b, and effects carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at c, resting at d.
Diagram 1.—Cue-ball ⅝ right, ¼ above, cushion first at a; object-ball ⅞ left from a. Cue-ball cushions again at b, effecting carom on ball 2; stroke, “medium.” This stroke combines a very heavy twist with follow tendency, and, in order that the two forces may be effective, the object-ball must be struck exactly ⅞ left, as calculated from point a.
Diagram 2.—A massé. Cue-ball ½ left of perpendicular centre, ⅛
forward in direction of object-ball, object-ball 1
16 right. Line
of sight being along dotted line b to a. Cue-ball cushions at
a, effecting carom on ball 2 by a treble curved line.
Diagram 3.—Cue-ball ⅝ below, ½ right, object-ball full; stroke, “ordinary.” Cue-ball cushions at a, effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at b, c, d, resting at e.
Cue-ball ⅝ right, ⅝ below, object-ball ⅛ left; stroke, “medium.” As the object-ball lies from the cushion—a space ⅛ of a ball, less than the width of a 2⅜ ball—it is impossible for the cue-ball to pass behind it, as it would have to do in order to contact with the cushion first; as it is, the contact with cushion and object-ball is at the same instant. The cue-ball really takes two cushions, but it is so instantaneous as to be imperceptible.
Diagram 1.—Cue-ball ⅝ below, object-ball ⅞ left; stroke, ½ in excess of “medium.” Cue-ball effects carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at a, b, resting at c.
Diagram 2.—Cue-ball ⅝ below, object-ball 31
32 right; stroke, “ordinary.”
Cue-ball, by an acute draw, effects carom on ball
2. Object-ball cushions at d, g, e, resting at f.
Positions similar to Diagram 1 frequently occur during play, consequently the pupil should know the gathering angle to cushions a, b, for any object-ball which may rest at any part of the table within space between the spot at h and side cushion at ball 1; the cue-ball at all times played from behind the object-ball as shown.
Diagram 1.—Cue-ball ⅝ below, ⅝ right, object-ball ⅞ right; stroke, ¾ in excess of “medium.” Cue-ball cushions at a, b, effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at c, d, e, resting at f.
Diagram 2.—Cue-ball ½ left, ⅛ above, object-ball “full;” stroke, ½ in excess of “ordinary.” Cue-ball cushions at a, effects carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at a, b, c, d, resting at e.
The cue-ball performs a slow twisting “follow,” the object-ball running with speed. The “slowed” follow ball is executed through the delivery ⅛ above, which imparts slight rotating power in the ball.
Cue-ball ⅝ left, ¼ above, object-ball “full centre;” stroke, “ordinary.” Cue-ball cushions at a, with excessive ⅝ twist, effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at a, b, c, resting at d.
The player may find trouble in striking the object-ball dead full, where he delivers the cue ⅝ left. A little practice will overcome all difficulty.
Diagram 1.—Cue-ball ⅝ left, ⅝ below, object-ball full; stroke, ½ in excess of “medium.” Cue-ball cushions at c through draw and twist delivery, effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at a, b, finally resting at c. An effective gathering stroke.
Diagram 2.—Cue-ball ½ below, ½ left, object-ball ⅞ left; stroke, “ordinary.” Cue-ball cushions at a, effects carom on ball 2 and rolls to i. Object-ball cushions at b, c, d, f, resting at g. Carom-ball cushions at e, crosses table, and stops at h.
The space between balls 1 and 2 is nearly the distance which separates the diamond sights.
First.—Cue-ball ¼ below, ½ left; cushions at a, d, strikes object-ball at f, ½ right, calculating from point d; cue-ball then cushions again at g, h, i, effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball takes direction of arrow. Stroke, “hard.”
Second.—Cue-ball ¼ below, ½ left; cushions at b, c, hits object-ball at e, ½ left, sighting from cushion at c; cushions then at j, effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball is driven around table, cushions at n, o, p, resting at l. Stroke, “hard.”
Diagram 1.—Cue-ball ¼ below, ¼ right, object-ball ¼ right, sighting from cushion at a. Cue-ball cushions at a, b, effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at c, d, resting at e. Stroke, “ordinary.” The object-ball (1) lies near and cushions so that cue-ball has not room to go around table and gather balls after carom, therefore the bank stroke is employed.
Diagram 2.—Cue-ball ½ right, ⅛ below, object-ball ¼ left; stroke, ½ in excess of “medium.” Object-ball is width of a ball from the cushion. Cue-ball cushions at a, b, c, d, effecting carom on ball 2.
Object-ball cushions at e, f, resting at g. Ball 1 must be so placed that the cushion at a can be reached by cue-ball.
Diagram 1.—Cue-ball ⅝ right, ⅛ above, object-ball ½ left; stroke, ½ in excess of “medium.” Cue-ball cushions at a, effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at b, c, resting at d.
Diagram 2.—Cue-ball ⅝ left, ⅛ below, object-ball ½ left; stroke, ½ in excess of “medium.” Cue-ball cushions at a, b, effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at c, d, e, resting at f.
Caroms could be effected by cutting object-ball fine on right, but gathering position for next stroke would then be sacrificed.
Diagram 1.—Cue-ball ⅝ right, ¼ below, object-ball ⅛ right; stroke, ½ in excess of “slow.” Cue-ball cushions at a, b, effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at c, resting at or near d.
To carom on ball 3.—Cue ball ¼ right, ¼ below, object-ball ⅛ right; stroke, “medium.”
Diagram 2.—Cue-ball ⅝ left, ½ below, object-ball ⅞ left; stroke, ½ in excess of “medium.” Cue-ball kisses from object-ball, takes cushion at a, then, by ⅝ twist, runs to ball 2, effecting carom. The object-ball lies in corner touching both cushions. When the point a is reached the stroke is assured, if the ⅝ “twist” has been applied to cue-ball.
To carom on ball 3.—Cue-ball ⅝ left, ½ below, object-ball “full”; stroke, ½ in excess of “medium.” Cue-ball cushions at b. Similar in principle to preceding stroke.
Diagram 1.—Cue-ball ½ below, ¼ left, object-ball ⅛ left; stroke, ½ in excess of “medium.” Cue-ball cushions at a, effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at c, resting at e.
Diagram 2.—Cue-ball ½ below, ½ left, object-ball ⅛ left; stroke, ½ in excess of “medium.” Cue-ball cushions at b, effecting carom on ball 2. Object-ball cushions at d, resting at f.
Diagram 3.—Cue-ball ⅝ below, ⅝ right, object-ball extremely fine,
1
32 left; stroke, “hard.” Cue-ball cushions at a, describes a
curve, and effects carom on ball 2 in corner. The strong
right twist given cue-ball counteracts opposite twist given by
contact with cushion, whilst the draw or retrograde force imparts
a tendency to return in direction from the impelling
force, this producing the curved line of progress.
To carom on ball 3.—Cue-ball ¼ left, ⅛ below, object-ball 1
16
left; stroke, “ordinary.”
To carom on ball 4.—Cue-ball ½ left, ⅛ below, object-ball ¼ left; stroke, “ordinary.”