1 Provincial Medical Journal, March, 1892.
2 Histoire de Medicine depuis son Origine, etc.
3 Pratt’s British Grasses, pp. 69, 125.
4 Vol. ii. p. 384.
5 Miss Gordon Cumming.
6 Science Gossip.
7 Morley’s Life of Cornelius Agrippa, vol. i. p. 129.
8 Ringer, Materia Medica, Fifth Edition, p. 454.
9 Berdoe, The Healing Art, p. 18.
10 Prehistoric Times, Fifth Edition, p. 430.
11 Primitive Culture, vol. i. p. 32.
12 Hist. America, Book IV. chap. ii.
13 Primitive Folk, p. 10.
14 Nordenskiöld, Voyage of the Vega.
15 India’s Teaching, p. 192.
16 Tr. Eth. Soc., vol. iii. p. 235. Grey, Australia, vol. ii. p. 337. Boniveh, Tasmanians, pp. 183, 195.
17 Journ. Ind. Archip., vol. i. p. 307.
18 Journ. Ind. Archip., vol. iii. p. 110, vol. iv. p. 194.
19 Taylor, New Zealand, pp. 48, 137.
20 Folk Medicine, p. 3.
21 Ibid., p. 7.
22 Hodgson, Abor. of India, p. 170; cited in Folk Med., p. 10.
23 Folk Med., p. 11.
24 Ibid., p. 11.
25 Tylor, Primitive Culture, vol. ii. p. 114.
26 Hunter, Rural Bengal, p. 210.
27 Dr. E. B. Tylor, art. “Demonology,” Ency. Brit.
28 Ency. Brit., vol. iv. p. 58.
29 Ibid.
30 Ibid., vol. xiii. p. 607.
31 Ibid., vol. xxi. p. 853.
32 Western Africa, p. 217.
33 Lenormant, Chaldean Magic and Sorcery, pp. 258-262.
34 Kalevala, 15th runa.
35 Sir Joseph Hooker, Himalayan Journals, Ed. 1891, p. 416.
36 Lang, Custom and Myth, p. 208.
37 Folk Medicine, pp. 17, 18.
38 E. Palmer, Notes on Australian Tribes.
39 The Medical Profession in Ancient Times (New York, 1856).
40 Denmark, its Hygiene and Demography, 1891, p. 57.
41 The Races of Man, p. 292.
42 Proc. Roy. Soc., xxvii. 309, 1878.
43 Tylor’s Anthropology, p. 344.
44 Tylor’s Anthropology, p. 354.
45 Reclus, Primitive Folk, p. 103.
46 Dr. E. B. Tylor, art. “Demonology,” Ency. Brit.
47 Ellis, Polyn. Res., vol. i. pp. 363, 395; vol. ii. pp. 193, 274. Schoolcraft, part iv. p. 49.
48 Roman Paul, xix., in Life of Colon.
49 D’Orbigny, L’Homme Américain, vol. ii. pp. 207, 231 (Caribs).
50 Primitive Culture, vol. ii. p. 131.
51 Races of Man, p. 61.
52 Dr. G. W. Parker, on “The People of Madagascar,” Journ. Anthrop. Inst., 1883, p. 478.
53 Journ. Anthrop. Inst., 1884, p. 187.
54 A. H. Keane, On the Botocudos.
55 Journ. Anthrop. Inst., 1884, p. 293.
56 Ibid., p. 475.
57 Principles of Sociology, vol. i. p. 222.
58 Clem. Alex., Miscellanies, book vi.
59 Ibid.
60 History of America, book iv. 7.
61 Wallace, Travels on the Amazon, chap. xvii.
62 Journ. Anthrop. Inst., 1884, p. 10.
63 Forrest, Journ. Anthrop. Inst., vol. iii. p. 319.
64 Origin of Civilization, p. 26.
65 Nat. His. Man., p. 535.
66 Reclus, Primitive Folk, p. 232.
67 Primitive Folk, p. 237.
68 Ibid., p. 80.
69 Th. Halm, Globus, xviii.
70 Landas, Superstitions Annamites.
71 Primitive Folk, pp. 83, 84.
72 Journ. Anthrop. Inst., 1884, p. 473.
73 Prof. Monier Williams, and Reclus, Primitive Folk, p. 234.
74 Journ. Anthrop. Inst., 1884, p. 427.
75 Starcke, Primitive Family, p. 32.
76 Primitive Folk, p. 234.
77 Journ. Anthrop. Inst., 1884, p. 299.
78 Journ. Anthrop. Inst., 1884, p. 310.
79 National Dispensatory, p. 986.
80 Journ. Anthrop. Inst., 1884, p. 251.
81 Ibid., p. 251.
82 Ibid., p. 11.
83 Ibid., p. 132.
84 Wh. Jour., vol. iv., 2nd sec., p. 519.
85 Journ. Anthrop. Inst., 1884, p. 132.
86 Herbert Spencer’s Principles of Sociology, vol. i. p. 50.
87 Sydenham’s Works, vol. i. Preface to Medical Observations.
88 See British Medical Journal, July 30th, 1892, p. 238.
89 Journ. Anthrop. Inst., 1884, p. 295.
90 Lubbock, Prehistoric Times, p. 483. Ellis, vol. ii. p. 277.
91 Massage, by W. E. Green, M.R.C.S. (Prov. Med. Jour., May 2nd, 1892, p. 242).
92 Hist. de la Méd., vol. vii. p. 1.
93 See also Surgeon Fletcher’s report in the U.S. Geographical and Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountain Region, vol. v. 1882.
94 Hist. de la Méd., tome vii. p. 208.
95 Baas, Hist. Med., p. 70.
96 Ibid.
97 Ibid., p. 76.
98 Lettres édifiantes et curieuses, tom. xxi. p. 5. Hottentots and negroes in Central Africa, according to Livingstone, have from remote times practised inoculation in a similar manner.
99 Hist. de la Méd., vol. vii. p. 34.
100 Pettigrew’s Medical Superstition, p. 24.
101 Principles of Sociology, Herbert Spencer, vol. i. p. 374.
102 Ibid.
103 Meliosma simplicifolia, or Millingtonia.
104 Reclus, Primitive Folk, p. 222.
105 Wallace, Travels on the Amazon, chap. xvii.
106 Barth, Travels in Africa, Ed. 1890, p. 416.
107 Reclus, Primitive Folk, p. 136.
108 Ibid., p. 251.
109 Hooker, Himalayan Journals, Ed. 1891, p. 204.
110 Blavatsky, Caves and Jungles of Hindostan, p. 13.
111 Quoted in the article on “Drunkenness” in Ency. Brit.
112 See Third Annual Report of the Massachusetts Board of Health.
113 Early Hist. Mankind, p. 288.
114 Hist. Gén. des Antilles habiteés par les Français: Paris, 1667, vol. ii. p. 371, etc.
115 Early Hist. Mankind, p. 294.
116 iii. 4, 17.
117 Pt. iii., Canto i.
118 Notes to his edition of Hudibras, 1744, loc. cit.
119 Starcke, The Primitive Family, p. 52.
120 Ibid.
121 Vol. ii. p. 275.
122 Reclus, Primitive Folk, p. 202.
123 Ibid., p. 192.
124 Natural History, Book xxviii., ch. 23.
125 De Civ., Lib. vi. 9.
126 Hist. Med., Eng. Trans., p. 16.
127 Le Clerc, Hist. de la Médicine.
128 Lib. de Iside et Osiride.
129 Official Guide Brit. Mus., “Egyptian Antiquities,” pp. 107-8.
130 Clem. Alex., Strom., lib. vi. p. 196.
131 vii. 56.
132 Ancient Egyptians, vol. ii. p. 358.
133 Ammianus Marcellinus, i. 16, says, for a doctor to recommend his skill, it was sufficient to say that he had studied at Alexandria.
134 Clem. Alex., Strom.
135 Hist. Med. Education, p. 24.
136 Book ii. 84.
137 Ancient Egyptians, vol. iii. p. 477.
138 Plin. xix. 5.
139 Official Guide, p. 111.
140 Chabas, Mélanges Égyptologiques, p. 64.
141 Ebers, Egypt, vol. ii. p. 62.
142 Contra Celsum, lib. 8.
143 Chaldæan Magic, p. 96.
144 Ibid., pp. 96, 97.
145 Brugsch, Egypt under the Pharaohs, vol. ii. p. 184.
146 Hist. Egypt, by Brugsch-Bey, vol. ii. p. 163-4.
147 Odyssey, iv. 229-232.
148 Chap. xlvi., v. 11.
149 Pliny, Nat. Hist., viii. 27.
150 Chabas, loc. cit., p. 66.
151 Pharaohs and Fellahs, Amelia B. Edwards, p. 219.
152 Uarda, vol. i. p. 32.
153 Ibid.
154 Baas’ Hist. Med. (Eng. Trans.), p. 19.
155 History of Egypt, vol. i. p. 58.
156 Mélanges Égyptologiques, Paris, 1862, p. 117.
157 Priests and physicians were educated in high schools, the highest degree in which was that of the “scribes,” who were maintained at the cost of the king. Ebers, Uarda, vol. i. p. 20.
158 Lefébure has treated the subject in Le Mythe Osirien.
159 See Cooper’s Surgical Dict., art. “Surgery.”
160 Ten Years’ Digging in Egypt, p. 146.
161 Pharaohs and Fellahs, Amelia B. Edwards, p. 254.
162 Superstitions of Medicine, etc., p. 7.
163 Uarda, Ebers.
164 Brugsch, Hist. Egypt, vol. ii. p. 296.
165 Ten Years’ Digging in Egypt, p. 153.
166 Ibid., p. 172.
167 Ebers, Egypt, vol. ii. p. 61.
168 Gen. xxxi. 19, 30.
169 Chap. iii. 4.
170 Isis Unveiled, vol. i. p. 570.
171 Judges xvii.-xviii.
172 Ezekiel xxi. 19-22.
173 Primitive Culture, vol. i. p. 267. 2 Samuel xxiv. 16; 2 Kings xix. 35.
174 3tes Heft, p. 25.
175 Ibid., p. 27.
176 Races of Man, p. 153.
177 Ibid., p. 293.
178 Antiquities of Israel, p. 90.
179 “Finditur usque ad urethram à parte inferâ penis.”—Eyre, vol. ii. p. 332.
180 Arabian Nights, vol. ii. p. 160, note 3.
181 Antiquities of Israel, p. 156.
182 Wars, vii. 6, 3.
183 Book VIII. chap. iii. 5.
184 Antiq., Book VI. chap. viii. 2.
185 Note to Whiston’s Josephus, loc. cit.
186 1 Sam. xvi. 15.
187 Religious Encyclopædia, vol. ii. p. 1454.
188 Medica Sacra, p. 40 et seq.
189 Arabian Nights, vol. ii. p. 4.
190 Ecclesiasticus xxxviii. 1, 3, 4, 12. From the many references to disease in this book, it has been supposed by some commentators that the author was a physician. The writer of the article on “Medicine,” in Smith’s Dictionary of the Bible, remarks that “if he was so, the power of mind and wide range of observation shown in this work, would give a favourable impression of the standard of practitioners; if he was not, the great general popularity of the study and practice may be inferred from its thus becoming a common topic of general advice offered by a non-professional writer.”
191 Wars of the Jews, Book II. chap, viii; Antiq., xviii. 1, 5.