330 Ibid., p. 255.

331 Codrington, loc. cit. p. 235.

332 Wilkes, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 138.

333 Turner, ‘Nineteen Years in Polynesia,’ p. 184.

334 Quoted by Brough Smyth, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 318.

335 Dawson, ‘Australian Aborigines,’ pp. 33, 28.

336 Quoted by Petroff, loc. cit. p. 155.

337 Egede, ‘Description of Greenland,’ p. 141.

338 Cranz, ‘The History of Greenland,’ vol. i. p.  145.

339 Hearne, ‘Journey to the Northern Ocean,’ p. 311.

340 Catlin, ‘Illustrations of the Manners, Customs, and Condition of the North American Indians,’ vol. i. p.  121.

341 Schoolcraft, loc. cit. vol. v. p.  654.

342 Bancroft, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  514.

343 See Meares, ‘Voyages,’ p. 251; Waitz, loc. cit. vol. iii. p. 112.

344 Dobrizhoffer, ‘Account of the Abipones,’ vol. ii. p. 153.

345 Nansen, ‘The First Crossing of Greenland,’ vol. ii. p. 329.

346 Powers, loc. cit. p. 381.

347 Lord, ‘The Naturalist in Vancouver Island,’ vol. ii. p. 233.

348 Woldt, loc. cit. p. 28.

349 King and Fitzroy, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 173.

350 Musters, ‘At Home with the Patagonians,’ p. 197.

351 Vancouver, ‘Voyage of Discovery,’ vol. i. pp. 171, et seq.

352 Waitz-Gerland, loc. cit. vol. v. pt. ii. p. 108. Brenchley, ‘Jottings during the Cruise of H.M.S. Curaçoa among the South Sea Islands,’ p. 208. Cf. Meade, ‘A Ride through the Disturbed Districts of New Zealand,’ p. 163 (Maoris).

353 Ellis, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  270.

354 Stephens, ‘The Aborigines of Australia,’ in ‘Jour. Roy. Soc. N. S.  Wales,’ vol. xxiii. p. 480.

355 Sibree, ‘The Great African Island,’ p. 252.

356 Krauss, ‘Sitte und Brauch der Südslaven,’ ch. xii. pp. 197-227.

357 Ahlqvist, loc. cit. p. 214.

358 Vámbéry, ‘Die primitive Cultur des turko-tatarischen Volkes,’ p. 72.

359 Fritsch, loc. cit. p. 444.

360 Drury, ‘Adventures during Fifteen Years’ Captivity on the Island of Madagascar,‘ p. 323.

361 Wappäus, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 484.

362 v. Oettingen, ‘Moralstatistik,’ p. 317.

363 v. Oettingen, loc. cit. p. 199.

364 Ibid., pp. 199, 216.

365 Ibid., p. 327.

366 Cf. Barth, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 18; v. Holten, ‘Das Land der Yurakarer,’ in ‘Zeitschrift für Ethnologie,’ vol. ix. p. 109; Hunter, ‘The Annals of Rural Bengal,’ vol. i. p.  205.

367 Cf. Waitz, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 114; vol. iii. pp. 111, 343; vol. vi. pp. 125, 774; Powers, loc. cit. p. 415; Lewin, loc. cit. p. 348; Martin, loc. cit. vol ii. p. 175; Riedel, ‘De sluik-en kroesharige rassen tusschen Selebes en Papua,’ pp. 5, 42; Marsden, loc. cit. p. 261.

368 Lewin, p. 193.

369 Ibid., p. 203.

370 Dalton, loc. cit. p. 248.

371 Watt, ‘The Aboriginal Tribes of Manipur,’ in ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. xvi. p. 358.

372 St. John, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  53.

373 Rogers, ‘Scotland Social and Domestic,’ p. 109.

374 Lubbock, loc. cit. p. 536.

375 Herodotus, loc. cit. book i. ch. 199.

376 Strabo, loc. cit. book xi. p. 532.

377 Lubbock, pp. 535-537.

378 McLennan, loc. cit. p. 341.

379 Herodotus, book iv. ch. 172. Pomponius Mela, ‘De Situ Orbis,’ book i. ch. 8.

380 Garcilasso de la Vega, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 442.

381 Diodorus Siculus, ‘Βιβλιοθήκη ἱστορική,’ book v. ch. 1.

382 v. Langsdorf, ‘Voyages and Travels,’ vol. i. p.  153.

383 McLennan, loc. cit. p. 341. The case stated by Garcilasso de la Vega must, however, be excepted.

384 Lubbock, loc. cit. p. 132. Post, ‘Die Geschlechtsgenossenschaft der Urzeit,’ pp. 34, et seq. Le Bon, ‘L’homme et les sociétés,’ vol. ii. p. 292. Lippert, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 17. Kohler, in ‘Zeitschr. f. vgl. Rechtswiss,’ vol. vii. p. 327.

385 It occurs among the Kafirs (v. Weber, ‘Vier Jahre in Afrika,’ vol. ii. p. 218), several Central African peoples (Reade, loc. cit. p. 262. Du Chaillu, loc. cit. p. 47. Merolla da Sorrento, ‘Voyage to Congo,’ in Pinkerton, ‘Collection of Voyages,’ vol. xvi. p. 272. Waitz, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 114), the Aleuts (Dall, loc. cit. p. 399. Bancroft, loc. cit. vol. i. pp. 92, et seq. Georgi, loc. cit. p. 372), Eskimo (Bancroft, vol. i. p.  65), Crees (Mackenzie, ‘Voyages to the Frozen and Pacific Oceans,’ p. xcvi.), Comanches (Schoolcraft, loc. cit. vol. v. p.  684), Apaches (Bancroft, vol. i. p. 514), some Californians (Powers, loc. cit. p. 153), the aborigines of Surinam (Moore, loc. cit. p. 267), and Brazil (v. Martius, loc. cit. vol. i. p. 118), Sinhalese (Pridham, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  250), Dyaks of Sidin (Western Borneo) and Orang-Saki (Wilken, in ‘Bijdragen tot de taal-, land-en volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië,’ ser. v. vol. iv. p. 451), the Australians (Angas, ‘Savage Life,’ vol. i. p.  93. Wilkes, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 195. Kohler, in ‘Zeitschr. f. vgl. Rechtswiss,’ vol. vii. pp. 326, et seq. Curr, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  110), Tasmanians (Bonwick, loc. cit. p. 75), Papuans (Zimmermann, ‘Die Inseln des indischen und stillen Meeres,’ vol. ii. p. 183), Caroline Islanders (Kotzebue, loc. cit. vol. iii. p. 212), and some other Pacific Islanders (Macdonald, ‘Oceania,’ p. 194. Post, ‘Die Geschlechtsgenossenschaft,’ p. 35), as also the Votyaks and certain Siberian peoples (Buch, ‘Die Wotjäken,’ p. 48). This list might easily be enlarged.

386 Waitz, loc. cit. vol. iii. p. 111. Regnard, ‘Journey to Lapland,’ in Pinkerton, ‘Collection of Voyages,’ vol. i. pp. 166, et seq. Moore, loc. cit. p. 267. Marco Polo, ‘The Kingdoms and Marvels of the East,’ vol. ii. p. 34. Post, ‘Die Geschlechtsgenossenschaft,’ pp. 34, et seq. Coxe, ‘The Russian Discoveries between Asia and America,’ p. 245.

387 Rochon, ‘Voyage to Madagascar,’ in Pinkerton, ‘Collection of Voyages,’ vol. xvi. p. 747.

388 Sauer, ‘Expedition to the Northern Parts of Russia,’ p. 49.

389 Sproat, ‘Scenes and Studies of Savage Life,’ p. 95.

390 Richardson, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  356.

391 Du Chaillu, loc. cit. p. 47.

392 Lyon, ‘The Private Journal,’ &c., p. 354. Hearne, loc. cit. p. 129. Bancroft, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  92. Steller, ‘Beschreibung von Kamtschatka,’ p. 347. Waitz, loc. cit. vol. iii. p. 308; vol. vi. pp. 130, 131, 622. Kotzebue, loc. cit. vol. iii. p. 172. Zimmermann, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  247.

393 Egede, loc. cit. p. 140.

394 Marco Polo, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 34.

395 Brough Smyth, loc. cit. vol ii. p. 316. Cf. Mathew, in ‘Jour. Roy. Soc. N. S.  Wales,’ vol. xxiii. p. 404.

396 Johnston, ‘The Kilima-njaro Expedition,’ p. 431.

397 McLennan, loc. cit. p. 337, note. Cf. Mathew, in ‘Jour. Roy. Soc. N. S. Wales,’ vol. xxiii. p. 404.

398 ‘Das Ausland,’ 1881, p. 698. ‘Revue des deux Mondes,’ 1883, June 1, p. 688.

399 Waitz, loc. cit. vol. iii. p. 382.

400 v. Martius, loc. cit. vol. i. pp. 113, 428, 485.

401 Bancroft, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 671.

402 Ibid., vol. i. pp. 584, et seq. Bastian, in ‘Zeitschrift für Ethnologie,’ vol. vi. p. 408, note.

403 Bontier and Le Verrier, ‘The Canarian,’ Introduction, p. xxxv. Cf. Glas, ‘The History of the Discovery and Conquest of the Canary Islands,’ in Pinkerton, ‘Collection of Voyages,’ vol. xvi. p. 819.

404 Barth, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 571, note *.

405 Herodotus, loc. cit. book iv. ch. 168.

406 Navarette, ‘The Great Empire of China,’ in Awnsham and Churchill’s ‘Collection of Voyages and Travels,’ vol. i. p.  320.

407 Hamilton, ‘New Account of the East Indies,’ in Pinkerton, ‘Collection of Voyages,’ vol. viii. p. 374.

408 Sugenheim, ‘Geschichte der Aufhebung der Leibeigenschaft und Hörigkeit in Europa,’ p. 104. Philip VI. and Charles VI. could not, in the fourteenth century, induce the Bishops of Amiens to give up the old custom, “dass jedes neuvremählte Paar ihrer Stadt und Diöcese die Erlaubniss zur ehelichen Beiwohnung in den drei ersten Nächten nach der Trauung von ihnen mittelst einer bedeutenden Abgabe erkaufen musste.”

409 Schmidt, ‘Jus primae noctis,’ pp. 379, &c.

410 See Professor Kohler’s criticism in ‘Zeitschr. f. vgl. Rechtswiss.,’ vol. iv. pp. 279-287.

411 Kulischer, ‘Die communale “Zeitehe,”‘ in ‘Archiv. für Anthropologie,’ vol. xi. pp. 228, et seq.

412 Bachofen, ‘Das Mutterrecht,’ pp. 12, 13, 17, 18, &c. Giraud-Teulon, loc. cit. pp. 32, &c. Kulischer, in ‘Archiv für Anthropologie,’ vol. xi. p. 223. Post, ‘Die Geschlechtsgenossenschaft,’ p. 37. Lubbock, loc. cit. p. 537. Wilken, in ‘De Indische Gids,’ 1880, vol. ii. p. 1196. See Schmidt, ‘Das Streit über das jus primae noctis,’ in ‘Zeitschrift für Ethnologie,’ vol. xvi. pp. 44, et seq.

413 Holub, ‘Seven Years in South Africa,’ vol. ii. pp. 160, et seq.

414 Bastian, ‘Der Mensch in der Geschichte,’ vol. iii. p. 302. Burton, ‘Mission to Gelele, King of Dahome,’ vol. ii. p. 67.

415 Bosman, ‘Description of the Coast of Guinea,’ in Pinkerton, ‘Collection of Voyages,’ vol. xvi. p. 480.

416 Moore, loc. cit. p. 161.

417 Dalton, loc. cit. p. 45.

418 Moore, p. 182.

419 Marco Polo, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 213.

420 Zimmermann, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  29.

421 Yate, ‘Account of New Zealand,’ p. 96.

422 Waitz-Gerland, loc. cit. vol. vi. p. 184.

423 Reade, loc. cit. p. 359.

424 ‘Ѕалнск? сељскаго св?ще?н?ка,’ in ‘Русская Сгарина,’ vol. xxvii. pp. 63, 77.

425 Egede, loc. cit. p. 140.

426 v. Martius, loc. cit. vol. i. pp. 113, et seq.

427 Hamilton, loc. cit. p. 374.

428 Lubbock, loc. cit. pp. 133, 537-539. Giraud-Teulon, loc. cit. pp. 43-53.

429 Lubbock, loc. cit. p. 539.

430 See Giraud-Teulon, loc. cit. p. 44.

431 McLennan, loc. cit. p. 343.

432 Juan and Ulloa, ‘Voyage to South America,’ in Pinkerton, ‘Collection
of Voyages,’ vol. xiv. p. 521.

433 Regnard, loc. cit. p. 166.

434 St. Andrew St. John, ‘The Hill Tribes of North Aracan,’ in ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. ii. p. 239.

435 Morgan, ‘Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family,’ p. 12.

436 ‘Malayan,’ as Mr. Wallace remarks, is a bad term, as this system does not occur among true Malays.

437 Morgan, pp. 450, et seq.

438 Idem, ‘Ancient Society,’ pp. 403, et seq. Idem, ‘Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity,’ pp. 482, et seq.

439 Lubbock, loc. cit. p. 184.

440 Ibid., p. 196.

441 Morgan, ‘Systems,’ &c., p. 488.

442 As the second form he assumes the ‘Punaluan family,’ which was founded upon intermarriage of several sisters and female cousins with each other’s husbands (or several brothers and male cousins with each other’s wives) in a group, the joint husbands (or wives) not being necessarily akin to each other, although often so (‘Ancient Society,’ p. 384).

443 Ibid., p. 502. Cf. Morgan, ‘Systems,’ &c., pp. 487, et seq.

444 Buschmann, ‘Ueber den Naturlaut,’ in ‘Philologische und historische Abhandlungen der Königl. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin,’ 1852, pp. 391-423. Independently of him Sir J. Lubbock has compiled a similar table in ‘The Origin of Civilization,’ pp. 427-432.

445 v. Martius, loc. cit. vol. ii. pp. 10, 9.

446 Ibid., vol. ii. p. 18.

447 Hunter, ‘Comparative Dictionary of the Languages of India and High Asia,’ p. 122.

448 von der Gabelentz, ‘Die melanesischen Sprachen,’ vol. ii. p. 139.

449 Hunter, pp. 122, 143.

450 von der Gabelentz, vol. ii. p. 52.

451 Ibid., vol. i. p.  215.

452 Ibid., vol. i. p.  172.

453 Klaproth, ‘Asia Polyglotta,’ p. 281.

454 Barth, ‘Central-afrikanische Vokabularien,’ p. 212.

455 v. Martius, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 293.

456 von den Steinen, ‘Durch Central-Brasilien,’ p. 341.

457 von der Gabelentz, vol. i. p.  71.

458 Barth, p. 214.

459 von der Gabelentz, vol. ii. p. 52.

460 Preyer, ‘Die Seele des Kindes,’ p. 321.

461 Lubbock, loc. cit. p. 431.

462 von den Steinen, loc. cit. p. 341.

463 Schomburgk, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 318. Macdonald, ‘Oceania,’ pp. 126, 186.

464 Morgan, ‘Systems,’ &c., pp. 295, 313, 339, 348, 358, 362, 368, 374.

465 Moncelon, in ‘Bull. Soc. d’Anthr.,’ ser. iii. vol. ix. p. 366.

466 Robertson Smith, ‘Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia,’ p. 117.

467 Vámbéry, ‘Die primitive Cultur des turko-tatarischen Volkes,’ p. 65.

468 Müller, ‘Comparative Mythology,’ in ‘Oxford Essays,’ 1856, pp. 14, et seq. Idem, ‘Biographies of Words,’ p. xvi.

469 Lubbock, loc. cit. p. 433. Cf. Sayce, ‘Principles of Comparative Philology,’ p. 211.

470 Cf. McLennan, loc. cit. p. 259; Macdonald, ‘Oceania,’ p. 188.

471 Morgan, ‘Systems,’ &c., p. 132.

472 Davy, ‘Account of the Interior of Ceylon,’ p. 117.

473 Morgan, ‘Systems,’ &c., p. 453, note.

474 Man, in ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. xii. p. 127.

475 Barth, ‘Central-afrikanische Vocabularien,’ p. 216. Vámbéry, ‘Die primitive Cultur,’ &c., p. 69.

476 Barth, p. 216.

477 Sibree, loc. cit. pp. 244, et seq.

478 Reade, loc. cit. p. 258.

479 Casalis, ‘The Basutos,’ p. 207.

480 Ahlqvist, loc. cit. p. 209.

481 Lubbock, loc. cit. p. 431. Nordqvist, ‘Tschuktschisk ordlista,’ in Nordenskiöld, ‘Vega-expeditionens vetenskapliga iakttagelser,’ vol. i. pp. 386, 390.

482 v. Martius, loc. cit. vol. ii. pp. 247, et seq.

483 Salvado, ‘Mémoires,’ p. 277. Cf. Collins, ‘New South Wales,’ vol. i. p. 544.

484 Nicolaus Damascenus, loc. cit. § 3.

485 Deecke, ‘Die deutschen Verwandtschaftsnamen,’ p. 79.

486 Waitz, loc. cit. vol. iii. p. 116.

487 Ahlqvist, p. 209.

488 Dixon, ‘The Tsuishikari Ainos,’ in ‘Trans. As. Soc. Japan,’ vol. xi. pt. i. p.  43.

489 Vámbéry, ‘Die primitive Cultur,’ &c., p. 65.

490 Ahlqvist, p. 212.

491 Ahlqvist, loc. cit. p. 211.

492 von den Steinen, loc. cit. p. 341.

493 Ahlqvist, p. 210. von der Gabelentz, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  172.

494 Morgan, ‘Systems,’ p. 452, note. Cf. the German ‘Junge.'