658 Le Bon, ‘La civilisation des Arabes,’ p. 434. This rule is not, however, strictly observed among the lower classes in Arabia (Palgrave, ‘Journey through Central and Eastern Arabia,’ vol. i. pp. 271, et seq.), nor by the Mohammedans of Africa (d’Escayrac de Lauture, loc. cit. p. 63. Munzinger, loc. cit. p. 511. Chavanne, p. 349).

659 Lane, ‘The Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians,’ vol. i. p. 138.

660 Polak, ‘Persien,’ vol. i. p.  224.

661 Balfour, ‘The Cyclopædia of India,’ vol. iii. p. 252.

662 Moncelon, in ‘Bull. Soc. d’Anthr.,’ ser. iii. vol. viii. p. 361 (New Caledonians).

663 Wilson and Felkin, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  201.

664 Waitz-Gerland, loc. cit. vol. vi. p. 661.

665 Reade, loc. cit. p. 61.

666 Some Californian tribes (Powers, loc. cit. pp. 75, 246, 270), the Comanches (Schoolcraft, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 132), Guanas (Azara, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 95), Patagonians (Falkner, ‘Description of Patagonia,'p. 126), Kaupuis in Manipur (Watt, in ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. xvi. p. 355), Ladrone Islanders (Moore, loc. cit. p. 187), the ancient people of Honduras (de Herrera, ‘The General History of the West Indies,’ vol. iv. p. 140).

667 North American Indians (Schoolcraft, vol. i. p.  236; vol. ii. p. 132; vol. v. pp. 683, 684, 686. Carver, loc. cit. p. 375. Adair, loc. cit. p. 145. Bancroft, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  514), Africans (Wake, ‘The Evolution of Morality,’ vol. ii. p. 128, note 2. Waitz, vol. ii. p. 115), Gonds and Korkús (Forsyth, loc. cit. p. 149), Kolyas (Watt, in ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. xvi. p. 358), inhabitants of Nepaul (Smith, ‘Five Years’ Residence at Nepaul,‘ vol. i. p.  153), South Slavonians (Krauss, loc. cit. pp. 569, et seq.), Egyptians (Wilkinson, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  304).

668 Liebich, loc. cit. p. 50, note 3.

669 ‘Uplands-Lagen,’ Aerfdæ Balkær, ch. vi.

670 Adair, pp. 144, et seq. Lewin, loc. cit. p. 245.

671 Crees (Schoolcraft, vol. v. p.  167), Chibchas (Waitz, vol. iv. p. 367), Abyssinians (Lobo, ‘Voyage to Abyssinia,’ in Pinkerton, ‘Collection of Voyages,’ vol. xv. pp. 25, et seq.), Kolyas (Watt, in ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst,’ vol. xvi. p. 358), &c.

672 Sproat, loc. cit. p. 95.

673 Keating, ‘Expedition to the Source of St. Peter’s River,’ vol. ii. pp. 169, et seq.

674 Heriot, loc. cit. p. 339. Waitz, loc. cit. vol. iii. p. 505.

675 Bancroft, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  632.

676 Squier, ‘The Archæology and Ethnology of Nicaragua,’ in ‘Trans. Am. Ethn. Soc.,’ vol. iii. pt. i. p.  127. Acosta, ‘The Natural and Moral History of the Indies,’ vol. ii. p. 370.

677 Wilken, in ‘Bijdragen tot te taal-, land-en volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië,’ ser. v. vol. iv. pp. 446-448. Bink, in ‘Bull. Soc. d’Anthr.,’ ser. iii. vol. xi. p. 397.

678 Turner, ‘Samoa,’ p. 95. Wilkes, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 80. Waitz-Gerland, vol. vi. p. 127.

679 Reade, loc. cit. p. 547. Cf. Waitz, vol. ii. p. 389; Nachtigal, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  740; Park, ‘Travels in the Interior of Africa,’ p. 221 (Mandingoes); Burckhardt, loc. cit. p. 151, note * (Arabs of Upper Egypt).

680 Waitz, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 113. Post, ‘Afrikanische Jurisprudenz,’ vol. i. pp. 396, et seq. Johnston, ‘The People of Eastern Equatorial Africa,’ in ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. xv. p. 11. Cf. Reade, loc. cit. p. 45.

681 Grade, in ‘Aus. allen Welttheilen,’ vol. xx. p. 5. 

682 Waitz, vol. ii. p. 522.

683 d’Escayrac de Lauture, loc. cit. p. 192.

684 ‘Deuteronomy,’ ch. xxii. vv. 15-17.

685 Gray, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  209.

686 Manzoni, quoted by Janke, loc. cit. p. 555. Cf. Burckhardt, loc. cit. p. 63.

687 Vámbéry, ‘Das Türkenvolk,’ p. 461

688 Polak, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  213.

689 Klemm, loc. cit. vol. iv. p. 26.

690 Georgi, loc. cit. pp. 79, 104, 237, 238, 283.

691 Ibid., p. 232.

692 Tacitus, loc. cit. ch. xix.

693 Schoolcraft, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 133.

694 Ibid., vol. iv. p. 226; vol. v. p.  217.

695 Mackenzie, loc. cit. p. xcviii.

696 Seemann, ‘The Voyage of Herald,’ vol. i. p.  316.

697 Acosta, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 313.

698 Reade, loc. cit. p. 359. Waitz, loc. cit. vol. ii. pp. 192, 193, 419.

699 Schrader, loc. cit. p. 391.

700 In Bali this practice was carried to the utmost excess (Crawfurd ‘History of the Indian Archipelago,’ vol. ii., p. 241. Zimmermann, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  19).

701 Navarette, loc. cit. p. 77.

702 Waitz-Gerland, vol. vi. pp. 130, 640, et seq.

703 Wilkes, loc. cit. vol. iii. p. 96. Zimmermann, loc. cit. vol. i. pp. 359, 377. Seemann, ‘Viti,’ pp. 192, 398. Williams, ‘Missionary Enterprises in the South Sea Islands,’ p. 557. Pritchard, loc. cit. p. 372.

704 Inglis, ‘Missionary Tour in the New Hebrides,’ in ‘Journal of the Ethnological Society of London,’ vol. iii. p. 63.

705 Wilkes, loc. cit. vol. iv. p. 435. Cf. Richardson, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 31.

706 Hardisty, in ‘Smithsonian Report,’ 1866, p. 319.

707 Bouche, ‘La Côte des Esclaves,’ p. 218.

708 Lewin, loc. cit. p. 280.

709 Bancroft, loc. cit. p. 173.

710 Waitz-Gerland, loc. cit. vol. v. pt. ii. p. 191; vol. vi. p. 130.

711 de Rubruquis, ‘Travels into Tartary and China,’ in Pinkerton, ‘Collection of Voyages,’ vol. vii. p. 33. Schoolcraft, loc. cit. vol. vi. p. 57.

712 Garcilasso de la Vega, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  305.

713 Gray, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  215.

714 Burckhardt, loc. cit. p. 152.

715 Schrader, loc. cit. p. 391.

716 Dubois, loc. cit. pp. 99, 164.

717 Malcolm, ‘Essay on the Bhills,’ in ‘Trans. Roy. Asiatic Soc. Gr. Britain and Ireland,’ vol. i. p.  86.

718 Krauss, loc. cit. p. 578.

719 Pausanias, ‘Ἑλλάδος περιήγησις,’ book ii. ch. 21.

720 Rossbach, loc. cit. p. 262.

721 Fulton, ‘The Laws of Marriage,’ pp. 204, et seq. St. Paul, ‘1 Timothy,’ ch. v. vv. 11, 12, 14, et seq.

722 Gibbon, ‘The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire,’ vol. i. p.  319.

723 Adair, loc. cit. p. 186.

724 Schoolcraft, loc. cit. vol. v. p.  269.

725 Stewart, in ‘Jour. As. Soc. Bengal,’ vol. xxiv. p. 621.

726 Munzinger, loc. cit. pp. 488, 387.

727 Schomburgk, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  227. Lord, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 235. Catlin, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  95.

728 Sibree, loc. cit. p. 255. v. Siebold, loc. cit. p. 34. Falkner, loc. cit. p. 119. Schoolcraft, loc. cit. vol. iii. p. 238 (Dacotahs). Powers, loc. cit. p. 383 (Yokuts). Munzinger, loc. cit. pp. 208, 241 (Takue, Marea). Finsch, loc. cit. p. 82 (certain Papuans).

729 Heriot, loc. cit. p. 325 (Californians). Ashe, ‘Travels in America,’ p. 250 (Shawanese). Lyon, loc. cit. p. 369 (Eskimo at Igloolik).

730 Munzinger, p. 387.

731 Burckhardt, loc. cit. p. 63.

732 Greenlanders (Cranz, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  148), Eskimo at Igloolik (Lyon, loc. cit. 369), Aleuts (Bancroft, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  93, note 133, Petroff, loc. cit. p. 159), Indians of Oregon (Schoolcraft, loc. cit. vol. v. p. 655), Dacotahs (ibid., vol. iii. p. 238), Yokuts (Powers, loc. cit. p. 383), Shawanese (Ashe, loc. cit. p. 250), Chibchas (Waitz, loc. cit. vol. iv. p. 367), Macusís (v. Martius, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  649), Ainos (Dall, loc. cit. p. 524. Bickmore, ‘Notes on the Ainos,’ in ‘Trans. Ethn. Soc.,’ N. S.  vol. vii. p. 20. v. Siebold, loc. cit. p. 34), Igorrotes of Luzon (Meyer, in ‘Verhandl. Berl. Ges. Anthr.,’ 1883, p. 385. Blumentritt, loc. cit. p. 28), Old Kukis (Stewart, in ‘Jour. As. Soc. Bengal,’ vol. xxiv. p. 620).

733 Adair, loc. cit. pp. 186, et seq.

734 Fries, ‘Grönland,’ p. 76.

735 Cf. Casalis, loc. cit. p. 225 (Basutos); Rochon, loc. cit. p. 747 (people of Madagascar); Lumholtz, loc. cit. p. 126 (natives of Northern Queensland); Letourneau, ‘L’évolution du mariage et de la famille,’ pp. 258, et seq.

736 In Fernando Po (Reade, loc. cit. p. 61) and among the Fulah (Waitz, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 472).

737 Wilkes, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 195.

738 Reade, loc. cit. p. 44. ‘Das Ausland,’ 1881, p. 1028.

739 Franklin, loc. cit. pp. 67, et seq.

740 Lisiansky, loc. cit. p. 82.

741 Bonwick, ‘The Last of the Tasmanians,’ p. 308.

742 Curr, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  110. Cf. Lumholtz, loc. cit. pp. 345, et seq.

743 Grey, loc. cit. vol. ii. pp. 252, et seq.

744 Bosman, loc. cit. p. 525.

745 Lisiansky, p. 128.

746 Powers, loc. cit. p. 413.

747 Bancroft, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  218.

748 Georgi, loc. cit. p. 349.

749 Lumholtz, loc. cit. p. 163.

750 Giraud-Teulon, ‘Les origines du mariage et de la famille,’ p. 70.

751 As a curious exception to this rule, Dr. Brehm (‘Bird-Life,’ p. 289) mentions a bereaved hen sparrow, who, though she had eggs to hatch and young to rear, would not take a second mate.

752 Among the Kaniagmuts and Aleuts (Dall, loc. cit. p. 402), as also occasionally among other North American tribes, certain men were dressed and brought up like women, and never married; whereas, among the Eastern Eskimo, there are some women who refuse to accept husbands, preferring to adopt masculine manners, following the deer on the mountains, trapping and fishing for themselves (ibid., p. 139).

753 Harmon, loc. cit. p. 339.

754 Ashe, loc. cit. p. 250.

755 Schoolcraft, loc. cit. vol. iii. p. 238.

756 Adair, loc. cit. p. 187.

757 ‘Science,’ vol. vii. p. 172.

758 Azara, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 21.

759 Burchell, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 58. Cf. ibid., vol. ii. p. 565.

760 Bosman, loc. cit. p. 424.

761 Caillié, ‘Travels through Central Africa,’ vol. i. p.  348.

762 Barth, ‘Reisen,’ vol. i. p.  489.

763 Davy, loc. cit. p. 284.

764 Marshall, loc. cit. pp. 220, et seq.

765 Lewin, loc. cit. pp. 193, 175.

766 Dalton, loc. cit. p. 233.

767 Fytche, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 69, note.

768 Wallace, ‘The Malay Archipelago,’ vol. i. p.  141.

769 Marsden, loc. cit. pp. 256, et seq. Cf. Schellong, ‘Familienleben und Gebräuche der Papuas,’ in ‘Zeitschrift für Ethnologie,’ vol. xxi. p. 17 (Papuans of Finschhafen, Kaiser Wilhelm Land).

770 Crawfurd, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  86.

771 Martin, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 168.

772 Brough Smyth, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  xxiv. Curr, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  110.

773 Lumholtz, loc. cit. p. 184.

774 Cf. Lansdell, ‘Through Siberia,’ vol. ii. p. 226 (Gilyaks); Armstrong, ‘The Discovery of the North-West Passage,’ p. 192 (Eskimo); Wilken, in ‘De Indische Gids,’ 1880, vol. ii. p. 633, note 2 (natives of the Indian Archipelago).

775 Man, ‘Sonthalia and the Sonthals,’ p. 101.

776 v. Weber, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 215.

777 Dalton, loc. cit. p. 110.

778 Southey, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  240.

779 Pritchard, loc. cit. pp. 368, 372. Seemann, ‘Viti,’ pp. 399, et seq.

780 Nansen, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 320.

781 Powers, loc. cit. p. 413. Catlin, loc. cit. vol i. p.  121. Cf. Ross, ‘The Eastern Tinneh,’ in ‘Smithsonian Report,’ 1866, p. 305 (Chippewyans); Schoolcraft, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 132 (Comanches); vol. iii. p. 238 (Dacotahs).

782 Bancroft, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  632.

783 Bovallius, ‘Resa i Central-Amerika,’ vol i. p.  248.

784 Morelet, ‘Reisen in Central-Amerika,’ p. 257.

785 v. Spix and v. Martius, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 248.

786 Azara, loc. cit. vol. ii. pp. 60, 61, 94.

787 Bove, loc. cit. p. 132.

788 Parkyns, ‘Life in Abyssinia,’ vol. ii. p. 41.

789 Munzinger, loc. cit. p. 324. Petherick, ‘Egypt, the Soudan and Central Africa,’ p. 396.

790 Chavanne, loc. cit. p. 401. Krapf, ‘Travels in East Africa,’ p. 354. ‘Ymer,’ vol. v. p.  168.

791 Wilson and Felkin, loc. cit. vol. ii. pp. 145, et seq.

792 Davy, loc. cit. p. 284.

793 Hodgson, ‘The Kócch, Bodo and Dhimál People,’ in ‘Jour. As. Soc. Bengal,’ vol. xviii. pt. ii. p. 734.

794 Hunter, ‘Rural Bengal,’ vol. i. p.  205. Cf. Man, loc. cit. p. 20.

795 Hunter, vol. iii. p. 82.

796 Lewin, loc. cit. p. 125.

797 Jellinghaus, in ‘Zeitschr. f. Ethnol.,’ vol. iii. pp. 366, et seq.

798 Colquhoun, ‘Amongst the Shans,’ p. 64.

799 Neale, ‘Residence in Siam,’ p. 155.

800 Fytche, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 69.

801 Huc, ‘Travels in Tartary,’ vol. i. p.  184.

802 Batchelor, ‘The Ainu of Japan,’ p. 141.

803 Prejevalsky, ‘From Kulja to Lob-nor,’ pp. 111, et seq.

804 Bickmore, loc. cit. p. 278. Cf. Wilken, in ‘Bijdragen,’ &c., ser. v. vol. i. p.  143.

805 Wilkes, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 195.

806 Curr, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  107.

807 Stone, ‘Port Moresby and Neighbourhood,’ in ‘Jour. Roy. Geo. Soc.,’ vol. xlvi. p. 55. Ploss, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  392.

808 Klemm, loc. cit. vol. v. pp. 46, et seq. Bancroft, loc. cit. vol. ii. pp. 251, et seq.

809 Garcilasso de la Vega, loc. cit. vol. i. pp. 306, et seq.

810 Balfour, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 882.

811 Gray, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  186.

812 Ibid., vol. i. pp. 216, et seq.

813 Marco Polo, loc. cit. vol. i. pp. 234, et seq.

814 Ross, ‘History of Corea,’ p. 313.

815 d’Escayrac de Lauture, loc. cit. p. 67.

816 Niebuhr, ‘Travels in Arabia,’ in Pinkerton, ‘Collection of Voyages,’ vol. x. p.  151. Cf. Burckhardt, loc. cit. p. 64 (Arabs).

817 Polak, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  205.

818 Lane, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  213.

819 Andree, ‘Zur Volkskunde der Juden,’ pp. 140, et seq.

820 Michaelis, ‘Commentaries on the Laws of Moses,’ vol. i. p.  471.

821 Mayer, ‘Die Rechte der Israeliten, Athener und Römer,’ pp. 286, 353. Lichtschein, ‘Die Ehe nach mosaisch-talmudischer Auffassung,’ p. 6. 

822 Fustel de Coulanges, ‘The Ancient City,’ p. 63. Hearn, ‘The Aryan Household,’ pp. 69, 71. Mayne, ‘Treatise on Hindu Law and Usage,’ pp. 68, et seq.