1304 Andree, loc. cit. p. 141.

1305 Kutchin (Hardisty, in ‘Smith. Rep.,’ 1866, p. 312), Chippewas (Keating, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 157), Iroquois (Morgan, ‘League of the Iroquois,’ p. 320), Simoos (Bovallius, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 301).

1306 Guarayos (v. Martius, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  217), Hos (Dalton, loc. cit. pp. 201, et seq.), Maoris (Waitz-Gerland, loc. cit. vol. vi. p. 125), Fijians (Wilkes, loc. cit. vol. iii. p. 91).

1307 See ante, p. 40.

1308 Forbes, ‘On the Ethnology of Timor-laut,’ in ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. xiii. p. 11.

1309 Oldfield, in ‘Trans. Ethn. Soc.,’ N. S.  vol. iii. p. 248.

1310 Schoolcraft, ‘The Indian in his Wigwam,’ p. 72. Cf. Catlin, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  120; Adair, loc. cit. p. 141.

1311 Buchanan, loc. cit. p. 184.

1312 Sauer, loc. cit. p. 177. Holmberg, in ‘Acta Soc. Sci. Fennicæ,’ vol. iv. p. 314. Macfie, ‘Vancouver Island and British Columbia,’ p. 447. Wilkes, vol. iv. p. 457 (Indians of the Interior of Oregon).

1313 Keating, loc. cit. vol. ii. pp. 157, et seq.

1314 Petroff, loc. cit. p. 158.

1315 Schoolcraft, loc. cit. vol. v. p.  269.

1316 Bancroft, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  549, note 206.

1317 Shawanese (Ashe, loc. cit. p. 249), Comanches (Waitz, loc. cit. vol. iv. p. 216), Patagonians (Musters, loc. cit. p. 186).

1318 Azara, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 92.

1319 ‘Ymer,’ vol. iii. p. 91.

1320 Bridges, in ‘A Voice for South America,’ vol. xiii. p. 184. Cf. King and Fitzroy, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 182.

1321 Fries, loc. cit. p. 111 (Greenlanders). Brett, loc. cit. p. 354 (Caribs). Dobrizhoffer, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 207 (Abipones). King and Fitzroy, vol. ii. p. 153 (Patagonians).

1322 Hannon, loc. cit. p. 341 (Blackfeet, Chippewyans, Crees, &c.). Schoolcraft, vol. v. p.  683 (Comanches).

1323 Schoolcraft, vol. iii. p. 238.

1324 Curr, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  108.

1325 Taplin, loc. cit. p. 10.

1326 Fison and Howitt, loc. cit. pp. 234, 242.

1327 Mathew, in ‘Jour. Roy. Soc. N. S.  Wales,’ vol. xxiii. p. 407. Cf. Dawson, loc. cit. p. 34 (tribes of Western Victoria); Lumholtz, loc. cit. p. 213 (natives of Northern Queensland).

1328 Fison and Howitt, pp. 276, 280, 289, 348-354.

1329 Taylor, loc. cit. p. 299.

1330 Martin, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 167. Cf. Zimmermann, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  456.

1331 Turner, ‘Samoa,’ pp. 295, et seq.

1332 Ellis, ‘Polynesian Researches,’ vol. i. pp. 267, 270, et seq. Cf. Waitz-Gerland, loc. cit. vol. vi. pp. 99, et seq.

1333 Kotzebue, loc. cit. vol. iii. p. 172. Waitz-Gerland, vol. v. pt. ii. p. 105.

1334 Romilly, in ‘Proc. Roy. Geo. Soc.,’ N. S.  vol. ix. p. 10.

1335 Moncelon, in ‘Bull. Soc. d’Anthr.,’ ser. iii. vol ix. p. 368. In Samoa (Turner, ‘Samoa,’ pp. 95, et seq. Cf. ibid. pp. 92, 132; Turner, ‘Nineteen Years in Polynesia,’ p. 188; Pritchard, loc. cit. pp. 135, et seq.) and the Kingsmill Islands (Wilkes, loc. cit. vol. v. p.  101), elopements frequently take place, and the parents, however mortified they may be, have to submit. In Fiji, according to Wilkes (vol. iii. p. 92. Cf. Pritchard, pp. 269, et seq.; Waitz-Gerland, vol. vi. p. 632), forced marriages are comparatively rare in the higher classes.

1336 Wilken, in ‘Bijdragen,’ &c., ser. v. vol. i. p.  159.

1337 Boyle, ‘Adventures among the Dyaks of Borneo,’ p. 236. Cf. Brooke, ‘Ten Years in Sarawak,’ vol. i. p.  69.

1338 Crawfurd, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  90.

1339 Hickson, loc. cit. p. 272.

1340 Riedel, loc. cit. pp. 447, 302.

1341 Marsden, loc. cit. p. 235. Crawfurd, vol. iii. pp. 129, et seq.

1342 Colquhoun, ‘Burma and the Burmans,’ p. 12. Fytche, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 69. MacMahon, ‘Far Cathay,’ p. 275 (Indo-Burmese border tribes).

1343 Anderson, ‘Mandalay to Momien,’ p. 301.

1344 Lewin, loc. cit. p. 347. Cf. ibid., pp. 145, 146, 179, 285.

1345 Kols, Abors (Rowney, loc. cit. pp. 67, 159), Santals (ibid., p. 76. Cf. Dalton, loc. cit. p. 215; ‘Ymer,’ vol. v. p.  xxiv.; Man, loc. cit. p. 102; Hunter, ‘Rural Bengal,’ vol. i. pp. 205, et seq.), Todas (Shortt, in ‘Trans. Ethn. Soc.,’ N. S.  vol. vii. p. 242. Cf. Marshall, loc. cit. p. 212).

1346 Miris, Khasias, Koch, Muásís (Dalton, pp. 29, 57, 91, 125), Oráons (Rowney, p. 81), Kolyas (Watt, in ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. xvi. pp. 358, et seq.), Butias (Cunningham, ‘Notes on Moorcroft’s Travels in Ladakh,’ in ‘Jour. As. Soc. Bengal,’ vol. xiii. pt. i. p.  204).

1347 Watt, in ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. xvi. p. 355 (Kaupuis). Dalton, pp. 192, 299, et seq. (Hos, Boad Kandhs). Spencer, ‘Descriptive Sociology, Asiatic Races,’ p. 8 (Savaras of Jeypore).

1348 Lewin, loc. cit. p. 254.

1349 Gray, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 393.

1350 v. Siebold, loc. cit. p. 30.

1351 Steller, loc. cit. p. 345.

1352 Sauer, loc. cit. p. 127.

1353 v. Haxthausen, loc. cit. p. 402.

1354 Usbegs (Vámbéry, ‘Das Türkenvolk,’ p. 369), Kalmucks (Moore, loc. cit. p. 181), Aenezes (Burckhardt, loc. cit. p. 61).

1355 Ross, loc. cit. p. 315.

1356 Chavanne, ‘Die Sahara,’ p. 181.

1357 Darwin, ‘The Descent of Man,’ vol. ii. p. 408. Cf. Reade, loc. cit. pp. 260, 390, 453, 554.

1358 Beecham, loc. cit. p. 125 (Ashantees). Soyaux, ‘Aus West-Afrika,’ pp. 152, 161 (Negroes of Loango). Merolla da Sorrento, loc. cit. p. 236 (Negroes of Sogno). Bosman, loc. cit. p. 419 (Negroes of the Gold Coast).

1359 Wilson and Felkin, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 61.

1360 ‘Emin Pasha in Central Africa,’ p. 103.

1361 Holub, loc. cit. vol. ii. pp. 293, 298. Cf. ibid., vol. ii. p. 206.

1362 Lichtenstein, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  261. Leslie, ‘Among the Zulus and Amatongas,’ p. 194. According to other authorities, however, the Kafir girl herself is seldom or never consulted about the matter (Maclean, loc. cit. p. 69), though it generally happens that, after repeated elopements with the man of her own choice, the father gives up his original intention as to the disposal of her (Shooter, loc. cit. pp. 57, 60. Cf. v. Weber, loc. cit. vol. i. pp. 331, et seq.; vol. ii. p. 217).

1363 Thunberg, ‘Account of the Cape of Good Hope,’ in Pinkerton, ‘Collection of Voyages,’ vol. xvi. p. 141.

1364 Burchell, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 59. Fritsch, loc. cit. p. 444. Chapman, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  258.

1365 Strabo, loc. cit. book xv. ch. i. p.  699.

1366 Herodotus, loc. cit. book i. ch. 93.

1367 v. Bohlen, loc. cit. vol. ii. pp. 148, 367, et seq. Klemm, ‘Die Frauen,’ vol. i. p.  281. Bachofen, ‘Das Mutterrecht,’ p. 196. Grimm, loc. cit. p. 421, note *.

1368 ‘The Younger Edda,’ p. 158.

1369 Letourneau, ‘Sociology,’ p. 378.

1370 Burckhardt, loc. cit. pp. 149, et seq.

1371 Fison and Howitt, loc. cit. p. 136. The same view is taken by Mr. Howitt (ibid., p. 358).

1372 Darwin, ‘The Descent of Man,’ vol. ii. p. 291.

1373 Fison and Howitt, loc. cit. p. 354.

1374 Ibid., pp. 343, 348-354.

1375 Curr, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  61.

1376 That the male children also are so disposed of appears, for instance, from v. Martius, loc. cit. vol. i. pp. 393 (Mundrucûs), 690 (Arawaks); Lansdell, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 225 (Gilyaks).

1377 ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. i. p.  403. Cf. Guillemard, loc. cit. p. 389 (Nufoor Papuans).

1378 Ahts (Sproat, loc. cit. p. 97) and other Indians (Waitz, loc. cit. vol. iii. p. 103), Maravi (ibid., vol. ii. pp. 419, et seq.).

1379 Morgan, ‘League of the Iroquois,’ pp. 321, 323.

1380 Casalis, loc. cit. p. 186.

1381 Kisáns, Mundas, Santals, Máriás (Dalton, loc. cit. pp. 132, 194, 215, 279), Mishmis (Rowlatt, ‘Expedition into the Mishmee Hills,’ in ‘Jour. As. Soc. Bengal,’ vol. xiv. pt. ii. p. 488), Bhils (Malcolm, in ‘Trans. Roy. As. Soc.,’ vol. i. p.  83), Yoon-tha-lin Karens (Stoll, ‘Notes on the Yoon-tha-lin Karens,’ in ‘The Madras Journal of Literature and Science,’ N. S.  vol. vi. pp. 61, et seq.).

1382 Dalton, p. 252 (Oráons).

1383 Ibid., p. 132.

1384 Hunter, ‘Rural Bengal,’ vol. iii. p. 72.

1385 Ibid., vol. iii. p. 83.

1386 Clavigero, ‘The History of Mexico,’ vol. i. p.  331.

1387 Clavigero, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  332.

1388 Bancroft, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 251.

1389 Spencer, ‘Descriptive Sociology,’ Ancient Mexicans, &c., p. 3. 

1390 Heriot, loc. cit. pp. 334, et seq.

1391 Bancroft, vol. ii. p. 666.

1392 Ibid., vol. ii. p. 667. Squier, in ‘Trans. American Ethn. Soc.,’ vol. iii. pt. i. p.  127.

1393 Garcilasso de la Vega, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 207.

1394 Spencer, ‘The Principles of Sociology,’ vol. i. p.  739.

1395 Wells Williams, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  646.

1396 Navarette, loc. cit. p. 75. Cf. ‘The Lî Kî,’ book xxvii. v. 33.

1397 Medhurst, in ‘Trans. Roy. As. Soc. China Branch,’ vol. iv. p. 11.

1398 Gray, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  205.

1399 Ibid., vol. i. p.  189.

1400 Rein, ‘Japan,’ p. 422.

1401 Griffis, ‘The Mikado’s Empire,’ pp. 124, 147, 555.

1402 Küchler, in ‘Trans. As. Soc. Japan,’ vol. xiii. pp. 117-119.

1403 Amír’ Alí, ‘The Personal Law of Mahommedans,’ p. 179.

1404 Ewald, loc. cit. p. 190.

1405 ‘Exodus,’ ch. xxi. vv. 15, 17. ‘Leviticus,’ ch. xx. v. 9. 

1406 ‘Deuteronomy,’ ch. xxi. vv. 18-21.

1407 Ewald, loc. cit. p. 188. Cf. Gans, ‘Erbrecht,’ vol. i. p.  134.

1408 Michaelis, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  444.

1409 ‘Genesis,’ ch. xxiv. v. 4; ch. xxviii. vv. 1, et seq. ‘Exodus,’ ch. xxxiv. v. 16. ‘Deuteronomy,’ ch. vii. v. 3.  ‘Judges,’ ch. xiv. vv. 1-3.

1410 Wilkinson, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  320.

1411 ‘The Precepts of Ptah-Hotep,’ ch. xlii. xxxix. Cf. ibid., ch. xliv.

1412 ‘Duodecim Tabularum Fragmenta,’ table iv. § 2.

1413 Plutarch, ‘Ποπλικόλας,’ ch. vii.

1414 Mommsen, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  64.

1415 ‘Duodecim Tabularum Fragmenta,’ table iv. § 2. Justinian, ‘Institutiones,’ book i. title ix. § 3.

1416 Justinian, book i. title x. Rossbach, loc. cit. p. 393. Mackenzie, ‘Studies in Roman Law,’ p. 104.

1417 Mackenzie, p. 104, note 4.

1418 Fustel de Coulanges, loc. cit. p. 116.

1419 Maine, ‘Ancient Law,’ p. 138. Fustel de Coulanges, pp. 115, et seq. Hearn, loc. cit. p. 92.

1420 Justinian, book i. title ix. § 2.

1421 Maine, ‘Early Law and Custom,’ pp. 122, et seq.

1422 ‘The Laws of Manu,’ ch. viii. v. 416.

1423 Maine, ‘Early Law and Custom,’ p. 123.

1424 Nelson, ‘View of the Hindū Law,’ pp. 56, et seq.

1425 ‘Rig-Veda Sanhitá,’ mandala i. súkta lxx. v. 5. 

1426 Zimmer, ‘Altindisches Leben,’ pp. 327, et seq.

1427 ‘The Laws of Manu,’ ch. iii. v. 32. Cf. Rossbach, loc. cit. p. 208.

1428 ‘The Laws of Manu,’ ch. iii. vv. 39-41.

1429 Spiegel, loc. cit. vol. iii. p. 678.

1430 v. Bohlen, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 146.

1431 Spiegel, vol. iii. pp. 677, et seq.

1432 Fustel de Coulanges, loc. cit. p. 115.

1433 Maine, ‘Ancient Law,’ pp. 136, et seq.

1434 Cauvet, ‘De l’organisation de la famille à Athènes,’ in ‘Revue de législation,’ vol. xxiv. 1845, p. 138.

1435 Becker, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 446. Hermann-Blümner, ‘Lehrbuch der griechischen Privatalterthümer,’ p. 261.

1436 Cauvet, in ‘Revue de législation,’ vol. xxiv. p. 147.

1437 Müller, ‘The Doric Race,’ vol. ii. p. 298.

1438 Grimm, ‘Deutsche Rechts Alterthümer,’ pp. 461, 487, et seq. Weinhold, ‘Altnordisches Leben,’ p. 473.

1439 Laboulaye, ‘Recherches sur la condition civile et politique des femmes,’ p. 80.

1440 Koenigswarter, ‘Histoire de l’organisation de la famille en France,’ p. 140.

1441 Pardessus, ‘Loi Salique,’ p. 456.

1442 Koenigswarter, p. 139.

1443 Tacitus, loc. cit. ch. xxv.

1444 Olivecrona, ‘Om makars giftorätt i bo,’ p. 143.

1445 Tacitus, loc. cit. ch. xviii.

1446 Weinhold, ‘Die deutschen Frauen in dem Mittelalter,’ vol. i. p.  303. Wilda, ‘Das Strafrecht der Germanen,’ p. 802. Olivecrona, loc. cit. p. 48.

1447 Accurse, in the beginning of the thirteenth century, says, ‘Aliæ vero gentes quædam, ut servos tenent filios, ut Sclavi, aliæ ut prorsus absolutos, ut Francigenæ’ (Koenigswarter, loc. cit. p. 224, note 2).

1448 Macieiowski, ‘Slavische Rechtsgeschichte,’ vol. iv. p. 404.

1449 v. Haxthausen, ‘The Russian Empire,’ vol. ii. pp. 229, et seq.

1450 Mackenzie Wallace, loc. cit. vol. i. pp. 134-136.

1451 Macieiowski, vol. ii. p. 189.

1452 Maine, ‘Early Law and Custom,’ p. 244, note.

1453 Krauss, loc. cit. pp. 313, 314.

1454 Ibid., p. 320.

1455 Ewald, loc. cit. p. 190.

1456 Lichtschein, loc. cit. p. 41.

1457 Amír’ Alí, loc. cit. p. 179.

1458 Ibid., pp. 180-183.

1459 Amír’ Alí, loc. cit. pp. 179, 180, 184.

1460 Maine, ‘Ancient Law,’ p. 137.

1461 Mackenzie, ‘Roman Law,’ p. 141. Koenigswarter, loc. cit. p. 86. Rossbach, loc. cit. pp. 47, et seq.

1462 Maine, ‘Ancient Law,’ p. 138. Rossbach, p. 396

1463 Rossbach, loc. cit. pp. 396, 400, et seq.

1464 Koenigswarter, p. 93.

1465 Pardessus, loc. cit. p. 666.

1466 Guizot, ‘The History of Civilisation,’ vol. ii. p. 467. A Council at Orleans, in 541, also forbids ‘any one to marry a girl without the consent of her parents’ (ibid., vol. ii. p. 464).

1467 Cnut, ‘Dômas,’ Leges Saeculares, ch. lxxiv.