1627 Lawrence, loc. cit. pp. 422, et seq.

1628 Reade, loc. cit. pp. 545, 549. Johnston, loc. cit. p. 436.

1629 Duvernoy, art. ‘Propagation,’ in ‘Dictionnaire universel d’histoire naturelle,’ vol. x. p.  546.

1630 Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, ‘Histoire naturelle générale,’ vol. iii. p. 180.

1631 Ibid., vol. iii. pp. 175, 185, et seq. de Quatrefages, loc. cit. p. 67.

1632 Vogt, ‘Lectures on Man,’ p. 414.

1633 Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, vol. iii. p. 191.

1634 Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, ‘Histoire naturelle,’ vol. iii. pp. 169-175.

1635 Darwin, ‘Animals and Plants under Domestication,’ vol. ii. p. 189.

1636 Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, vol. iii. p. 208. Blumenbach, ‘Anthropological Treatises,’ p. 73.

1637 Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, vol. iii. pp. 213, et seq.

1638 Wallace, ‘Darwinism,’ pp. 160, et seq.

1639 Darwin, ‘The Origin of Species,’ vol. ii. pp. 44, &c. Cf. Godron, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  209.

1640 The greater or less degree of sterility of hybrids, although, as Mr. Darwin remarks (‘The Origin of Species,’ vol. ii. p. 46), a very different case from the difficulty of uniting two pure species, yet, to a certain extent, runs parallel with it.

1641 Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, ‘Histoire naturelle,’ vol. iii. pp. 168, 169, &c.

1642 Darwin, ‘Animals and Plants under Domestication,’ vol. ii. p. 180.

1643 ‘Exodus,’ ch. xxii. v. 19. ‘Leviticus,’ ch. xviii. v. 23; ch. xx. v. 15. ‘Deuteronomy,’ ch. xxvii. v. 21. Pliny, loc. cit. book viii. ch. 42. Virgil, ‘Bucolica,’ Ecloga iii. v. 8. 

1644 Janke, loc. cit. p. 276. Mackenzie, ‘Voyages,’ p. xcvii. v. Kraft-Ebing, ‘Psychopathia sexualis,’ pp. 135, et seq.

1645 See Darwin, ‘The Descent of Man,’ vol. ii. pp. 125, 126, 128.

1646 Cf. Blumenbach, loc. cit. pp. 80, et seq.; Steller, loc. cit. p. 289, note.

1647 Périer, ‘Essai sur les croisements ethniques,’ in ‘Mémoires Soc. d’Anthr.,’ vol. i. p.  216. Jacquinot, in Dumont d’Urville, ‘Voyage au Pole Sud,’ Zoologie, vol. ii. p. 92.

1648 Darwin, ‘Animals and Plants under Domestication,’ vol. ii. pp. 102, et seq.

1649 Darwin, ‘The Descent of Man,’ vol. ii. p. 381.

1650 de Quatrefages, loc. cit. p. 273.

1651 Topinard, ‘Anthropology,’ p. 371.

1652 Nansen, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 238.

1653 Topinard, p. 372.

1654 Périer, in ‘Mém. Soc. d’Anthr.,’ vol. ii. p. 340.

1655 Topinard, loc. cit. p. 383.

1656 Prichard, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  149.

1657 Godron, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 360, note 2.

1658 Knox, ‘The Races of Men,’ pp. 497, &c.

1659 Nott and Gliddon, loc. cit. pp. 397, et seq.

1660 Broca, ‘The Phenomena of Hybridity,’ p. 60. Pouchet, loc. cit. p. 101.

1661 Prichard, ‘The Natural History of Man,’ p. 18.

1662 Godron, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 363.

1663 de Quatrefages, loc. cit. p. 264.

1664 Broca, p. 48.

1665 Ibid., p. 48.

1666 Curr, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 264. Cf. Topinard, ‘Note sur les métis d’Australiens et d’Européens,’ in ‘Revue d’Anthropologie,’ vol. iv. pp. 243-249.

1667 Dr. T. R.  H. Thomson says ('On the Reported Incompetency of the “Gins,”‘ in ‘Jour. Ethn. Soc. London,’ vol. iii. pp. 244, et seq.) that the Australian woman, when she places herself under the roof of a European settler as his concubine or wife, appears to become less fertile, although she has more regular diet, comfort, and covering.

1668 Darwin, ‘Animals and Plants under Domestication,’ vol. ii. pp. 148-160.

1669 Peschel, loc. cit. p. 9.  Eyre, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 324. Lumholtz, loc. cit. p. 273.

1670 Meyer, loc. cit. p. 186.

1671 Taplin, loc. cit. p. 14.

1672 Broca, loc. cit. p. 36.

1673 Peschel, loc. cit. p. 8. 

1674 v. Görtz, ‘Reise um die Welt,’ vol. iii. p. 288.

1675 Hensen, ‘Die Physiologie der Zeugung,’ in Hermann, ‘Handbuch der Physiologie,’ vol. vi. pt. ii. p. 191.

1676 Darwin, ‘Animals and Plants under Domestication,’ vol. ii. pp. 182, et seq.

1677 Jacobs, ‘On the Racial Characteristics of Modern Jews,’ in ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. xv. pp. 26-28.

1678 Agassiz, ‘Essay on Classification,’ pp. 249-252.

1679 Darwin, ‘Animals and Plants under Domestication,’ vol. ii. pp. 105, 181, 190, et seq.

1680 Vogt, loc. cit. p. 421.

1681 Sebright, loc. cit. pp. 17, et seq.

1682 v. Langsdorf, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 64.

1683 Ross, in ‘Smithsonian Report,’ 1866, p. 310.

1684 Wilken, ‘Verwantschap,’ &c., p. 22. Idem, in ‘Bijdragen,’ &c., ser. v. vol. i. p.  151. Riedel, quoted by Post, ‘Entwickelungsgeschichte des Familienrechts,’ p. 221. Garcilasso de la Vega, describing the Indians of Peru before the time of the Incas, says (loc. cit. vol. i. pp. 58, et seq.), ‘In many nations they cohabited like beasts, without any special wife, but just as chance directed. Others followed their own desires, without excepting sisters, daughters, or mothers. Others excepted their mothers but none else.’ It is said, according to Dr. Hickson (loc. cit. pp. 277, et seq.), that in olden times, in the southern districts of Minahassa, in the neighbourhood of Tonsawang, father and daughter, mother and son, brother and sister, frequently lived together in bonds of matrimony. As regards the Chippewas, Mr. Keating states (loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 170) that ‘incest is not unknown to them, but it is held in great abhorrence.'

1685 Hübschmann, ‘Ueber die persische Verwandtenheirath,’ in ‘Zeitschr. d. Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellsch.,’ vol. xliii. p. 308.

1686 Lisiansky, loc. cit. p. 83.

1687 Lewin, loc. cit. p. 276.

1688 Heifer, ‘The Animal Productions of the Tenasserim Provinces,’ in ‘Jour. As. Soc. Bengal,’ vol. vii. p. 856.

1689 Cameron, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 70.

1690 Wilson and Felkin, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 49.

1691 ‘The Kalevala’ (translated by Crawford), vol. ii. p. 548.

1692 Powers, loc. cit. p. 340.

1693 Jellinghaus, in ‘Zeitschr. f. Ethnol.,’ vol. iii. p. 367.

1694 Krasheninnikoff, ‘The History of Kamtschatka,’ p. 215.

1695 Bailey, in ‘Trans. Ethn. Soc.,’ N.S. vol. ii. pp. 294, et seq.

1696 Janke, loc. cit. p. 276.

1697 Liebich, loc. cit. p. 49.

1698 Thomson, ‘Through Masai Land,’ p. 51.

1699 v. Martius, in ‘Jour. Roy. Geo. Soc.,’ vol. ii. p. 198. Idem, ‘Beiträge zur Ethnographie,’ &c., vol. i. pp. 115, et seq.

1700 ‘Rig-Veda Sanhitá,’ mandala x. súkta 10.

1701 Schrader, loc. cit. p. 392, note.

1702 ‘Ynglinga Saga,’ ch. iv.; in ‘Heimskringla’ (edited by Unger), p. 6. 

1703 Ibid., p. 6. 

1704 Nordström, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 18. Grimm, loc. cit. p. 435.

1705 Bastian, ‘Rechtsverhältnisse,’ p. 173.

1706 Moore, loc. cit. p. 169.

1707 Forbes, ‘British Burma,’ p. 48, note.

1708 Emerson Tennent, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 459.

1709 Waitz-Gerland, loc. cit. vol. vi. p. 131.

1710 Ellis, ‘Hawaii,’ pp. 414, et seq. Wilkes, loc. cit. vol. iv. p. 32.

1711 Sibree, loc. cit. p. 252.

1712 Herodotus, loc. cit. book iii. ch. 31. Spiegel, loc. cit. vol. iii. pp. 678, et seq.

1713 Wilkinson, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  319.

1714 Ibid., vol. i. pp. 318, et seq.

1715 Garcilasso de la Vega, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  308.

1716 Acosta, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 425. Prescott, ‘History of the Conquest of Peru,’ p. 9, note 3.

1717 McLennan, ‘Studies,’ &c., p. 160. Wilken, ‘Huwelijken tusschen bloedverwanten,’ p. 31.

1718 v. Haxthausen, ‘Transcaucasia,’ p. 406, note.

1719 Krauss, loc. cit. pp. 221, et seq..

1720 ‘Genesis,’ ch. xx. v. 12.

1721 Robertson Smith, loc. cit. p. 163.

1722 Michaelis, ‘Abhandlung von den Ehegesetzen Mosis,’ p. 128.

1723 Becker, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 448. In Homer, the marriage of brother and sister, strictly speaking, is to be found only in myth (Schrader, loc. cit. p. 392, note).

1724 Bancroft, loc. cit. vol. ii. pp. 664, et seq.

1725 Wilken, in ‘Bijdragen,’ &c., ser. v. vol. i. p.  147. Idem, ‘Verwantschap,’ &c., p. 22.

1726 Franklin, ‘Journey,’ p. 289. Cf. v. Martius, loc. cit. vol. i. pp. 116, 393 (certain Brazilian tribes).

1727 The Rev. B. Danks mentions (‘Marriage Customs of the New Britain Group,’ in ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. xviii. p. 283) that in the New Britain Group, where upon theoretical grounds a man may without law-breaking marry his niece, as belonging to another clan, there is, nevertheless, a great repugnance to such unions, among the natives, and in one case where such a union was brought about, the natives utterly condemned it.

1728 Tartars (Castrén, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 298), Somals (Burton, ‘First Footsteps in East Africa,’ p. 120), Negroes of Bondo (‘Das Ausland,’ 1881, p. 1027).

1729 v. Haxthausen, ‘Transcaucasia,’ p. 406.

1730 Balfour, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 880.

1731 Waitz, loc. cit. vol. iii. p. 422.

1732 Huth, ‘The Marriage of Near Kin,’ pp. 123, 137.

1733 Ibid. pp. 123, 139.

1734 ‘The Korân,’ sura iv. v. 27.

1735 Dall, loc. cit. p. 399. Petroff, loc. cit. p. 158.

1736 Lyon, loc. cit. p. 353.

1737 Heriot, loc. cit. p. 325.

1738 Barrow, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  276.

1739 v. Siebold, loc. cit. pp. 30, et seq.

1740 Burckhardt, loc. cit. p. 64. Robertson Smith, loc. cit. p. 82.

1741 ‘The Marriage Customs of the Moors of Ceylon,’ in ‘The Folk-Lore Journal,’ vol. vi. p. 140.

1742 Kohler, in ‘Zeitschr. f. vgl. Rechtswiss.,’ vol. vi. p. 406.

1743 Spencer, ‘Descriptive Sociology,’ Asiatic Races, p. 8. 

1744 Shortt, ‘The Wild Tribes of Southern India,’ in ‘Trans. Ethn. Soc.,’ N. S. vol. vii. p. 187.

1745 Egede, loc. cit. p. 141.

1746 Rink, ‘The Eskimo Tribes,’ p. 23.

1747 Dall, loc. cit. p. 196.

1748 Keating, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 171.

1749 Schoolcraft, loc. cit. vol. v. p.  655.

1750 Powers, loc. cit. p. 192.

1751 Sproat, loc. cit. p. 99.

1752 Dall, p. 138.

1753 Frazer, loc. cit. p. 59.

1754 Hardisty, in ‘Smith. Rep.,’ 1866, p. 315.

1755 Frazer, loc. cit. p. 60.

1756 Morgan, ‘Ancient Society,’ pp. 90, et seq.

1757 Ibid., pp. 91-93. Cf. Morgan, ‘League of the Iroquois,’ pp. 79, 81, 83.

1758 Frazer, pp. 60-62.

1759 Bancroft, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 665.

1760 Ibid., vol. ii. p. 665. de Herrera, loc. cit. vol. iv. p. 171.

1761 Bancroft, vol. ii. p. 251.

1762 Im Thurn, loc. cit. pp. 175, 185.

1763 Agassiz, ‘Journey in Brazil,’ p. 320.

1764 Bastian, ‘Rechtsverhältnisse,’ p. 172.

1765 Dobrizhoffer, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  63; vol. ii. p. 212.

1766 Curr, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  107. Cf. Palmer, in ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. xiii. p. 299.

1767 Frazer, loc. cit. p. 65. Curr, vol. i. p.  112.

1768 Frazer, p. 65. Howitt, in ‘Smith. Rep.,’ 1883, p. 800.

1769 Curr, vol. i. p.  112. Cf. Mathew, in ‘Jour. Roy. Soc. N.S. Wales, vol. xxiii. p. 402.

1770 Curr, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  118. Frazer, loc. cit. p. 58. Mathew, in ‘Jour. Roy. Soc. N.S. Wales,’ vol. xxiii. p. 399. For the Australian exogamy, see also Howitt, in ‘Smith. Rep.,’ 1883, pp. 797-824; Fison and Howitt, loc. cit.; Brough Smyth, loc. cit. vol. i. pp. 86-92; Ridley, ‘The Aborigines of Australia,’ pp. 7-10; Idem, ‘Kámilarói,’ pp. 161, et seq.; Breton, loc. cit. p. 202; Schürmann, loc. cit. p. 222; Dawson, loc. cit. p. 26; Waitz-Gerland, loc. cit. vol. vi. p. 772; Bonney, in ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. xiii. pp. 128, et seq.; Cameron, ibid., vol. xiv. p. 351.

1771 Curr, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  112; vol. ii. p. 245. Schürmann, loc. cit. p. 222. Cameron, in ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. xiv. p. 351.

1772 Curr, vol. i. p.  106.

1773 Ibid., vol. iii. p. 546.

1774 Ibid., vol. i. pp. 107, 111. Dawson, loc. cit. p. 26.

1775 Dawson, p. 27.

1776 Brough Smyth, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 386. Cf. Bonwick, ‘Daily Life,’ p. 62.

1777 Huth, loc. cit. p. 80. Waitz-Gerland, loc. cit. vol. vi. p. 131.

1778 Turner, ‘Samoa,’ p. 92.

1779 Codrington, loc. cit. pp. 21, 29.

1780 Danks, in ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. xviii. pp. 282, et seq. Cf. Powell, loc. cit. p. 86.

1781 Macdonald, ‘Oceania,’ pp. 181, et seq.

1782 Waitz-Gerland, loc. cit. vol. v. pt. ii. p. 106.

1783 Kubary, loc. cit. p. 35.

1784 St. John, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  198. Cf. Low, loc. cit. p. 300; Wilken, ‘Verwantschap,’ p. 23.

1785 Crawfurd, loc. cit. vol. iii. p. 139.

1786 Hickson, loc. cit. p. 227. Wilken, pp. 21, et seq.

1787 Wilken, pp. 18, 21.

1788 Blumentritt, loc. cit. p. 33.

1789 Wilken, in ‘Bijdragen,’ &c., ser. v. vol. i. p.  147.

1790 Riedel, loc. cit. p. 206.

1791 Wilken, in ‘Bijdragen,’ &c., ser. v. vol. i. pp. 145, et seq.

1792 Riedel, p. 416.

1793 Wilken, in ‘Bijdragen,’ &c., ser. v. vol. i. p.  146.