1794 Ibid., p. 146.

1795 Ibid., p. 148.

1796 Wilken, ‘Huwelijken tusschen bloedverwanten,’ pp. 26, et. seq. Riedel, loc. cit. p. 460.

1797 Wilken, ‘Verwantschap,’ p. 18.

1798 Stewart, in ‘Jour. As. Soc. Bengal,’ vol. xxiv. p. 640.

1799 Watt, in ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. xvi. p. 359.

1800 Lewin, loc. cit. pp. 186, et seq.

1801 Macpherson, quoted by Percival, ‘The Land of the Veda,’ p. 345. Cf. Hunter, ‘Rural Bengal,’ vol. iii. p. 81.

1802 Man, loc. cit. p. 103.

1803 Hale, ‘On the Sakais,’ in ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. xv. p. 291.

1804 Dalton, loc. cit. pp. 158, 189.

1805 Ibid., p. 63.

1806 Tod, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  145.

1807 Lyall, ‘Asiatic Studies,’ p. 156.

1808 Tylor, ‘Early History of Mankind,’ p. 280.

1809 This relationship extends to six degrees where the common ancestor is a male. Where the common ancestor is a female, there is a difference of opinion; Manu and Âpastamba extending the prohibition in her case also to six degrees, while Gautama, Vishnu, Narada, &c., limit it to four degrees (Mayne, ‘Hindu Law and Usage,’ p. 87).

1810 ‘The Laws of Manu,’ ch. iii. v. 5. 

1811 Weber, ‘Die Kastenverhältnisse in dem Brâhmana und Sûtra,’ in ‘Indische Studien,’ vol. x. pp. 75, et seq.

1812 Kearns, loc. cit. pp. 33, et seq. For the marriage restrictions of the Hindus, cf. Steele, ‘The Law and Custom of the Hindoo Castes,’ pp. 26, 27, 163.

1813 Man, in ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. xii. pp. 135, et seq.

1814 Bailey, in ‘Trans. Ethn. Soc.,’ N.S. vol. ii. p. 294.

1815 ‘Trans. Roy. As. Soc. China Branch,’ vol. iv. pp. 3-10, 23-25, 27, et seq.

1816 Ibid., vol. iv. pp. 21, et seq.

1817 Ibid., vol. iv. p. 24.

1818 Ibid., vol. iv. p. 23. Jamieson, ‘Translations from the General Code of Laws of the Chinese Empire,’ in ‘The China Review,’ vol. x. pp. 82, et seq. Cf. Gray, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  186; Tylor, ‘Early History of Mankind,’ p. 281.

1819 Medhurst, in ‘Trans. Roy. As. Soc. China Branch,’ vol. iv. p. 27.

1820 Lubbock, ‘The Origin of Civilisation,’ p. 139. Bastian, ‘Rechtsverhältnisse,’ p. 171.

1821 Bastian, p. 172.

1822 Castrén, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 168. Georgi, loc. cit. p. 282. Finsch, ‘Reise nach West-Sibirien,’ p. 543.

1823 Georgi, loc. cit. p. 31.

1824 Castrén, in ‘Litterära Soiréer,’ 1849, pp. 12, et seq. Idem, ‘Nordiska resor och forskningar,’ vol. ii. p. 168. de Quatrefages, ‘Hommes fossiles et hommes sauvages,’ p. 604.

1825 v. Haxthausen, ‘Transcaucasia,’ p. 406, note.

1826 Ibid. p. 406.

1827 Bastian, ‘Rechtsverhältnisse,’ p. 181.

1828 Reich, ‘Geschichte, Natur-und Gesundheitslehre des ehelichen Lebens,’ p. 333.

1829 Burton, ‘First Footsteps,’ p. 120.

1830 Du Chaillu, ‘The People of Western Equatorial Africa,’ in ‘Trans. Ethn. Soc.,’ N.S. vol. i. p.  307. Ashe, ‘Two Kings of Uganda,’ p. 285.

1831 Burton, ‘Gorilla Land,’ vol. i. p.  75.

1832 Cf. Fritsch, loc. cit. pp. 114, et seq.; Bastian, ‘Ethnologische Forschungen,’ vol. i. p.  xxvii.; Holden, ‘The Past and Future of the Kaffir Races,’ p. 200.

1833 Shooter, loc. cit. pp. 45, et seq.

1834 Maclean, loc. cit. p. 163.

1835 Shooter, p. 45.

1836 Maclean, p. 115.

1837 Theal, loc. cit. pp. 16, et seq.

1838 Conder, in ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. xvi. p. 85.

1839 Casalis, loc. cit. p. 191.

1840 Kolben, ‘The Present State of the Cape of Good Hope,’ vol. i. pp. 155, et seq.

1841 Sibree, loc. cit. pp. 185, 248, et seq. Ellis, ‘History of Madagascar,’ vol. i. pp. 164, et seq.

1842 Marquardt and Mommsen, ‘Handbuch der römischen Alterthümer,’ vol. vii. pp. 29, et seq.

1843 Smith and Cheetham, ‘Dictionary of Christian Antiquities,’ vol. ii. p. 1727.

1844 Smith and Cheetham, loc. cit. vol. ii. pp. 1727, 1729.

1845 Huth, loc. cit. p. 122.

1846 Man, in ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. xii. p. 127.

1847 Lyon, loc. cit. p. 353. Holm, ‘Ethnologisk Skizze af Angmagsalikerne,’ in ‘Meddelelser om Grönland,’ vol. x. p.  96.

1848 Daniell, in ‘Jour. Ethn. Soc. London,’ vol. iv. p. 14.

1849 Dawson, loc. cit. p. 27.

1850 de Herrera, loc. cit. vol. iv. p. 171.

1851 Medhurst, in ‘Trans. Roy. As. Soc. China Branch,’ vol. iv. pp. 24, et seq. note.

1852 Longford, ‘Summary of the Japanese Penal Codes,’ in ‘Trans. As. Soc. Japan,’ vol. v. pt. ii. p. 87.

1853 ‘The Institutes of Vishnu,’ ch. xxxiv. vv. 1, et seq.

1854 ‘Leviticus,’ ch. xviii. vv. 8, 15, 17; &c.

1855 ‘The Korân,’ sura iv. vv. 26, et seq.

1856 Justinian, loc. cit. book i. title x. §§ 6, et seq.

1857 See Ewald, p. 197, note 6. Cf. Smith and Cheetham, loc. cit. vol. ii. pp. 1725, et seq.

1858 Huth, loc. cit. p. 24.

1859 McLennan, ‘Studies in Ancient History,’ pp. 75, et seq.

1860 Spencer, ‘The Principles of Sociology,’ vol. i. pp. 614-619.

1861 McLennan, ‘Exogamy and Endogamy,’ in ‘The Fortnightly Review,’ vol. xxi. pp. 884, et seq.

1862 Hooper, loc. cit. p. 201.

1863 Sproat, loc. cit. p. 94.

1864 Seemann, ‘Voyage of Herald,’ vol. ii. p. 66.

1865 Keene, in ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. xiii. p. 206.

1866 Powers, loc. cit. pp. 192, 271, 382. Cf. Waitz, loc. cit. vol. iii. p. 106.

1867 Schoolcraft, loc. cit. vol. iii. p. 243. Mackenzie, ‘Voyages,’ p. xcviii.

1868 Franklin, ‘Journey,’ p. 77.

1869 Dall, loc. cit. p. 399

1870 Reich, loc. cit. pp. 457, et seq.

1871 ‘Ymer,’ vol. v. p.  280.

1872 Turner, ‘Samoa,’ p. 79. Williams, ‘Missionary Enterprises,’ p. 558. Bink, in ‘Bull. Soc. d’Anthr.,’ ser. iii. vol. xi. p. 392.

1873 Elton, ‘Natives of the Solomon Islands,’ in ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. xvii. p. 93.

1874 Kotzebue, loc. cit. vol. iii. p. 211.

1875 Curr, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  70.

1876 Lumholtz, loc. cit. p. 272 (natives of Herbert River, Northern Queensland).

1877 Darwin, ‘The Descent of Man,’ vol. ii. pp. 400, et seq.

1878 Fison and Howitt, loc. cit. pp. 134-137. Cf. Farrer, ‘Primitive Manners and Customs,’ p. 244.

1879 Mr. Bridges, in a letter. Cf. Idem, in ‘A Voice for South America,’ vol. xiii. p. 181; Hyades, in ‘Bull. Soc. d’Anthr.,’ ser. iii. vol. x. p.  331.

1880 Powers, loc. cit. p. 207. Cf. ibid., p. 183.

1881 Ellis, ‘Polynesian Researches,’ vol. i. p.  249.

1882 McLennan, ‘Studies in Ancient History,’ p. 160.

1883 Spencer, ‘The Principles of Sociology,’ vol. i. p.  619-621.

1884 Ibid., pp. 627, et seq.

1885 Mr. Huth, in the first edition of his work, ‘The Marriage of Near Kin,’ suggests (p. 157) that marriage between parents and children is considered incestuous because marriage between old men and young women in general is considered so. In the second edition, Mr. Huth seems to have given up this most unfortunate hypothesis, as he says (p. 18) that ‘the prohibition of marriage with those who were regarded as near of kin was derived from the same causes which made exogamy imperative,’ that is, the causes suggested by Mr. Spencer.

1886 Lubbock, ‘The Origin of Civilisation,’ pp. 135, et seq. Professor Wilken (in ‘De Indische Gids,’ 1880, vol. ii. p. 612) accepts this explanation of the origin of exogamy, and considers it certain (ibid., pp. 618, 619, 623) that prohibitions of close intermarriage have everywhere originated in true exogamy.

1887 McLennan, ‘Studies,’ &c., p. 345. Among the Australian Gournditch-mara, according to the Rev. J. H.  Stähle, the man who captured a woman in war never kept her himself, but was compelled to give her to some one else (Fison and Howitt, loc. cit. p. 276).

1888 Kohler, in ‘Zeitschr. f. vgl. Rechtswiss.,’ vol. iii. pp. 361, et seq. Professor Kohler also thinks (‘Krit. Vierteljahrschr. f. Gesetzg.,’ N. S.  vol. iv. p. 181) that one of the chief causes of exogamy was the unpleasantly dependent position in which, in endogamous marriage, the husband stood to the family of his wife.

1889 Tylor, in ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. xviii. p. 267.

1890 Curr, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  100. Mathew, in ‘Jour. Roy. Soc. N.S. Wales,’ vol. xxiii. p. 403. Dawson, loc. cit. p. 28. Frazer, loc. cit. pp. 58, et seq. There seem to be two or three exceptions to this rule among the Australian tribes, but Mr. Curr (vol. i. p.  417) ascribes such cases to the influence of the whites.

1891 Codrington, loc. cit. p. 23.

1892 Holm, loc. cit. p. 98.

1893 Prichard, loc. cit. p. 125.

1894 Tylor, in ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. xviii. p. 265.

1895 Morgan, ‘Ancient Society,’ p. 424.

1896 Lubbock, ‘The Customs of Marriage and Systems of Relationship among the Australians,’ in ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. xiv. p. 300. Darwin, ‘Animals and Plants under Domestication,’ vol. ii. p. 124. Peschel, loc. cit. p. 224.

1897 Maine, ‘Early Law and Custom,’ p. 228.

1898 Curr, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  112.

1899 Azara, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 21.

1900 Cf. Lang, ‘Custom and Myth,’ p. 256.

1901 Huth, loc. cit. p. 342.

1902 Plato, ‘Νόμοι,’ book viii. ch. vi. p. 838.

1903 Huth, loc. cit. pp. 10-14.

1904 Moriz Wagner, in ‘Kosmos,’ 1886, vol. i. pp. 21, &c. v. Hellwald, loc. cit. pp. 179, et seq. Wake, “The Development of Marriage and Kinship,‘ p. 55. Dalton, loc. cit. p. 248, note. Speaking of the Australian tribes, Mr. Mathew says ('Jour. Roy. Soc. N.S. Wales,’ vol. xxiii. p. 403), ‘There may also be an auxiliary cause to exogamy among barbarians in what may be called an instinctive hankering after foreign women.'

1905 Egede, loc. cit. p. 141. Cf. Cranz, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  147.

1906 Nansen, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 330.

1907 Macpherson, ‘Memorials of Service in India,’ p. 69.

1908 Codrington, loc. cit. p. 240.

1909 Tylor, in ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. xviii. p. 268.

1910 v. Martius, in ‘Jour. Roy. Geo. Soc.,’ vol. ii. p. 198. Idem, ‘Beiträge zur Ethnographie,’ &c., vol. i. p.  117.

1911 Wallace, ‘Travels on the Amazon,’ p. 497. v. Martius, vol. i. p.  594.

1912 Howitt, in ‘Smith. Rep.,’ 1883, pp. 800, 810, 819, et seq. Cf. Mathew, in ‘Jour. Roy. Soc. N.S. Wales,’ vol. xxiii. p. 399.

1913 Forbes, ‘The Eastern Archipelago,’ pp. 142, et seq.

1914 Forbes, ‘The Eastern Archipelago,’ p. 196. Forbes, in ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. xiii. p. 347. Wilken, ‘Verwantschap,’ p. 58.

1915 Metz, ‘The Tribes Inhabiting the Neilgherry Hills,’ p. 131.

1916 Riedel, ‘Galela und Tobeloresen,’ in ‘Zeitschr. f. Ethnol.,’ vol. xvii. p. 77.

1917 Bastian, ‘Inselgruppen in Oceanien,’ p. 61.

1918 Mr. Eyles, in a letter.

1919 Hildebrandt, ‘Ethnographische Notizen über Wakamba und ihre Nachbaren,’ in ‘Zeitschr. f. Ethnol.,’ vol. x. p.  401.

1920 Krasheninnikoff, loc. cit. p. 212.

1921 Bastian, ‘Rechtsverhältnisse,’ p. 172.

1922 Riedel, loc. cit. pp. 302, 335, 351.

1923 Dalton, loc. cit. p. 81.

1924 Kovalevsky, ‘Marriage among the Early Slavs,’ in ‘Folk-Lore,’ vol. i. p.  475.

1925 Burton, ‘First Footsteps,’ p. 119.

1926 Morgan, ‘Houses and House-Life of the American Aborigines,’ p. 73.

1927 Ibid., p. 64.

1928 Powers, loc. cit. p. 168.

1929 Egede, loc. cit. p. 147. Cf. Nansen, loc. cit. vol. ii. pp. 291, 297.

1930 Keating, loc. cit. vol. ii. pp. 153, 170, 171.

1931 Wallace, ‘Travels on the Amazon,’ pp. 490, 497.

1932 Mr. Bridges, in a letter.

1933 Brough Smyth, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  xxiv.

1934 Macdonald, ‘Oceania,’ pp. 186-188.

1935 Wilken, ‘Verwantschap,’ pp. 25, et seq.

1936 Hickson, loc. cit. p. 197.

1937 Buchanan, ‘Journey from Madras,’ p. 738. Bachofen, ‘Antiquarische Briefe,’ pp. 271, et seq. Starcke, loc. cit. p. 83.

1938 Shooter, loc. cit. pp. 15, 47, 86. Nauhaus, in ‘Verhandl. Berl. Ges. Anthr.,’ 1882, p. 200.

1939 Krauss, loc. cit. p. 75.

1940 Maine, ‘Early Law and Custom,’ pp. 237, 241, 254, 255.

1941 Kohler, in ‘Zeitschr. f. vgl. Rechtswiss.,’ vol. iii. p. 362.

1942 Lewis, ‘The Ancient Laws of Wales,’ pp. 56, 57, 196.

1943 Montesquieu, ‘De l’esprit des loix,’ book xxvi. ch. 14, vol. iii. pp. 47, 49.

1944 Bertillon, ‘Mariage (hygiène matrimoniale),’ in ‘Dict. encycl. des sciences médicales,’ ser. ii. vol. v. p.  60.

1945 Wallace, ‘Travels on the Amazon,’ pp. 507, et seq.

1946 Yate, loc. cit. pp. 103, 154.

1947 Ibid., p. 114.

1948 Marshall, loc. cit. pp. 59, et seq.

1949 Barrow, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  276.

1950 Burchell, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 56.

1951 ‘Emin Pasha in Central Africa,’ p. 74.

1952 Davy, loc. cit. p. 278. Pridham, loc. cit. vol. i. pp. 262, 265.

1953 Ewald, loc. cit. pp. 197, et seq.

1954 Tacitus, loc. cit. ch. xvi.

1955 Rossbach, loc. cit. pp. 421-423, 429, 439.

1956 Tylor, in ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. xviii. p. 264.

1957 Kearns, loc. cit. pp. 33, et seq.

1958 Marsden, loc. cit. p. 228.

1959 Medhurst, in ‘Trans. Roy. As. Soc. China Branch,’ vol. iv. p. 24, note ‡.