2127 v. Düben, loc. cit. pp. 200, et seq.

2128 Morelet, loc. cit. Montgomery, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 491. Godron, loc. cit. vol ii. p. 360. Fries, loc. cit. p. 159.

2129 Ewald, loc. cit. p. 193.

2130 Rossbach, loc. cit. p. 465.

2131 Tacitus, loc. cit. ch. iv.

2132 Macieiowski, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 191.

2133 Bancroft, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  703.

2134 Sproat, loc. cit. p. 98.

2135 Bancroft, vol. i. p.  512, note 120.

2136 Davis, loc. cit. p. 146.

2137 Bancroft, vol. i. p.  663.

2138 v. Humboldt, ‘Personal Narrative,’ vol. iii. p. 227.

2139 v. Humboldt, ‘Personal Narrative,’ vol. iii. pp. 226, et seq.

2140 v. Martius, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  106.

2141 Garcilasso de la Vega, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  308.

2142 Du Chaillu, loc. cit. p. 97.

2143 Barrow, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  144.

2144 Chapman, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 75.

2145 Sibree, loc. cit. pp. 109, 256.

2146 Kolams (Dalton, loc. cit. p. 278), Koch (Hodgson, in ‘Jour. As. Soc. Bengal,’ vol. xviii. p. 707), Karens of Burma (according to Dr. Bunker; Mason, ‘On Dwellings, &c., of the Karens,’ in ‘Jour. As. Soc. Bengal,’ vol. xxxvii. pt. ii. p. 151).

2147 Lewin, loc. cit. p. 201.

2148 Dalton, p. 28.

2149 Batchelor, in ‘Trans. As. Soc. Japan,’ vol. x. pp. 211, et seq. v. Siebold, loc. cit. pp. 30, et seq.

2150 Riedel, loc. cit. p. 325.

2151 Hickson, loc. cit. p. 277. Wilken, ‘Verwantschap,’ pp. 21, et seq.

2152 Wilken, p. 23.

2153 Bink, in ‘Bull. Soc. d’Anthr.,’ ser. iii. vol. xi. p. 396.

2154 Romilly, in ‘Proceed. Roy. Geo. Soc.,’ N.S. vol. ix. p. 9. 

2155 Yate, loc. cit. pp. 96, 99.

2156 Curr, loc. cit. vol. i. pp. 63, 67. Mathew, in ‘Jour. Roy. Soc. N.S. Wales,’ vol. xxiii. p. 398.

2157 Curr, vol. i. pp. 298, 303, 330, 343, 377; vol. ii. pp. 21, 179, 197, 307; vol. iii. pp. 252, 272.

2158 Lewis, loc. cit. p. 196.

2159 Hearn, loc. cit. pp. 156, et seq.

2160 Müller, ‘The Doric Race,’ vol. ii. p. 302.

2161 Gaius, ‘Institutiones,’ book i. § 56.

2162 Marquardt and Mommsen, loc. cit. vol. vii. p. 29.

2163 Hotz, in de Gobineau, ‘The Diversity of Races,’ p. 239.

2164 Müller, ‘Chips from a German Workshop,’ vol. i. pp. 322, et seq. Cf. Monier Williams, ‘Hinduism,’ p. 154.

2165 Rhys Davids, ‘Lectures on the Origin and Growth of Religion,’ pp. 22, et seq.

2166 Waitz, loc. cit. vol. iv. p. 64.

2167 Munzinger, loc. cit. p. 336.

2168 Waitz-Gerland, vol. vi. p. 6.  Lisiansky, loc. cit. p. 85 (Nukahivans).

2169 Ellis, ‘Polynesian Researches,’ vol. i. p.  82. Cf. Beechey, loc. cit. vol. i. pp. 205, et seq.; Seemann, ‘Viti,’ p. 79.

2170 Anderson, loc. cit. p. 289.

2171 Bastian, ‘Beiträge zur Ethnologie,’ in ‘Zeitschr. f. Ethnol.,’ vol. i. pp. 267, et seq.

2172 de Tocqueville, ‘Democracy in America,’ vol. ii. pp. 149-151

2173 Sproat, loc. cit. pp. 98-99.

2174 Bancroft, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 659.

2175 v. Martius, loc. cit. vol i. p.  71. v. Spix and v. Martius, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 74.

2176 Waitz-Gerland, loc. cit. vol. v. pt. ii. p. 112.

2177 Ibid., vol. vi. pp. 165, 186.

2178 Cook, ‘Voyage to the Pacific Ocean,’ vol. ii. pp. 171, et seq. Ellis, ‘Polynesian Researches,’ vol. i. p.  256.

2179 Wilken, in ‘Bijdragen,’ &c., ser. v. vol. i. p.  153. Hickson, loc. cit. p. 278 (Minahassers). Matthes, loc. cit. p. 13 (Bugis and Macassars). Riedel, loc. cit. pp. 302, 434 (natives of Timor-Laut and Wetter). St. John, ‘Wild Tribes of the North-West Coast of Borneo,’ in ‘Trans. Ethn. Soc.,’ N. S.  vol. ii. pp. 234, et seq. (Sea Dyaks).

2180 Sibree, loc. cit. pp. 185, 256.

2181 Munzinger, loc. cit. pp. 240, 313.

2182 Nachtigal, loc. cit. vol. i. pp. 443, et seq.

2183 Negroes of Loango (Soyaux, loc. cit. p. 162), Hottentots (Kolben, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  156), Kunáma and Barea (Munzinger, p. 484).

2184 Burckhardt, loc. cit. p. 63. Cf. Burton, ‘Pilgrimage,’ p. 305.

2185 Monier Williams, ‘Hinduism,’ pp. 153, 155.

2186 Idem, ‘Indian Wisdom,’ p. 218, note.

2187 Davy, loc. cit. p. 284.

2188 Neale, loc. cit. p. 58.

2189 Ross, loc. cit. p. 311.

2190 Lewin, loc. cit. p. 86, note.

2191 Gray, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  187.

2192 Küchler, in ‘Trans. As. Soc. Japan,’ vol. xiii. p. 117.

2193 Mommsen, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  318. Rossbach, loc. cit. pp. 249, 456, 457, et seq.

2194 Winroth, ‘Äktenskapshindren,’ pp. 227, 230, 233. Weinhold, ‘Deutsche Frauen,’ vol. i. pp. 349, 353, et seq.

2195 Weinhold, vol. i. pp. 349, et seq.

2196 Odhner, ‘Lärobok i Sveriges, Norges och Danmarks historia,’ p. 241.

2197 Behrend, in v. Holtzendorff, ‘Encyclopädie der Rechtswissenschaft,’ pt. i. p.  478.

2198 Maine, ‘Early Law and Custom,’ pp. 224, et seq.

2199 Behrend, in v. Holtzendorff, ‘Encyclopädie,’ pt. i. p.  457.

2200 Balfour, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 885.

2201 Lane, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  137.

2202 d’Escayrac de Lauture, loc. cit. p. 68.

2203 Neubauer, ‘Notes on the Race-Types of the Jews,’ in ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. xv. p. 19.

2204 Frankel, ‘Grundlinien des mosaisch-talmudischen Eherechts,’ p. xx. Ritter, ‘Philo und die Halacha,’ p. 71.

2205 ‘Genesis,’ ch. xxi. v. 21; ch. xxxvi. v. 2. 

2206 Andree, loc. cit. p. 48. Neubauer, in ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. xv. p. 19.

2207 Jacobs, in ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. xv. p. 52.

2208 St. Paul, ‘1 Corinthians,’ ch. vii. v. 39.

2209 Tertullian, ‘Ad Uxorem,’ book ii. ch. 3.

2210 Winroth, loc. cit. p. 212.

2211 Herzog, ‘Abriss der gesammten Kirchengeschichte,’ vol. p. i.  215.

2212 Winroth, pp. 213-215.

2213 Ibid., pp. 220, et seq.

2214 v. Oettingen, loc. cit. § 11.

2215 Ibid., p. 131.

2216 Harmon, loc. cit. p. 374.

2217 Dall, loc. cit. p. 194. Cf. Bancroft, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  81 (Kaniagmuts).

2218 Bancroft, vol. ii. p. 678.

2219 Sibree, loc. cit. p. 246.

2220 Waitz, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 121. Cf. Reade, loc. cit. p. 242.

2221 Wilson and Felkin, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  187; vol. ii. p. 49.

2222 Georgi, loc. cit. p. 382. For other instances, see ‘Science,’ vol. vii. p. 172 (Greenlanders); Munzinger, loc. cit. p. 387 (Kunáma); Low, loc. cit. p. 196 (Dyaks); Waitz-Gerland, vol vi. p. 135 (Nukahivans).

2223 Rein, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  426.

2224 Gray, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  183.

2225 v. Bohlen, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 142.

2226 Polak, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  218. For the ancient Iranians, see Spiegel, loc. cit. vol. iii. p. 681.

2227 Rossbach, loc. cit. pp. 5, 299.

2228 Krauss, loc. cit. p. 591.

2229 Deecke, loc. cit. p. 25.

2230 Müller, ‘The Doric Race,’ vol. ii. p. 211.

2231 African races (Waitz, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 121. Schweinfurth, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 31. Du Chaillu, loc. cit. p. 335), Kaniagmuts (Sauer, loc. cit. p. 176), &c.

2232 Eskimo (King, ‘The Intellectual Character of the Esquimaux,’ in ‘Jour. Ethn. Soc. London,’ vol. i. p.  150), North American Indians (Waitz, loc. cit. vol. iii. p. 100), Negroes of Benin (Bosman, loc. cit. p. 527), natives of Monbuttu (‘Emin Pasha in Central Africa,’ p. 209) and the Indian Archipelago (Wilken, in ‘De Indische Gids,’ 1880, vol. ii. p. 633), Kirghiz, Tartars of Kazan and Orenburg, Laplanders (Georgi, loc. cit. pp. 10, 105, 221), Hebrews (Michaelis, ‘Commentaries on the Laws of Moses,’ vol. i. p.  471), ancient Germans (Tacitus, loc. cit. ch. xx.).

2233 Livingstone, loc. cit. p. 412.

2234 Schoolcraft, loc. cit. vol. v. p.  272.

2235 Marshall, loc. cit. p. 214.

2236 Reade, loc. cit. p. 547. Buch, loc. cit. pp. 45, et seq. Cf. Wilson and Felkin, loc. cit. vol. ii. pp. 309 (Gowane people of Kordofan); Zimmermann, loc. cit. vol. i. pp. 253, et seq. (Solomon Islanders).

2237 Waitz, loc. cit. vol. iii. p. 105.

2238 Josephus, loc. cit. book ii. ch. viii. § 13.

2239 Marshall, loc. cit. p. 209.

2240 Quoted by Bain, loc. cit. p. 142.

2241 Gray, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  183.

2242 Rein, loc. cit. p. 423.

2243 Spencer, ‘The Principles of Sociology,’ vol. i. pp. 101, 102, 139, &c.

2244 Holmberg, in ‘Acta Soc. Sci. Fennicæ,’ vol. iv. pp. 326, et seq.

2245 Cf. Georgi, loc. cit. p. 323; Hunter, ‘Rural Bengal,’ vol. i. p.  205.

2246 Lane, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  268.

2247 Glasson, ‘Le mariage civil et le divorce,’ p. 470.

2248 Fries, loc. cit. p. 111. Cf. Cranz, loc. cit. vol. i. pp. 145, et seq.

2249 King, in ‘Jour. Ethn. Soc. London,’ vol. i. p.  145. ‘Globus,’ vol. xlix. p. 35.

2250 Bancroft, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  276.

2251 de Bode, ‘The Yamúd and Goklán Tribes of Turkomania,’ in ‘Jour. Ethn. Soc. London,’ vol. i. p.  75.

2252 Schoolcraft, loc. cit. vol. v. p.  683.

2253 Coxe, loc. cit. p. 257.

2254 Sproat, loc. cit. p. 98.

2255 Schoolcraft, loc. cit. vol. iv. p. 224. ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. iii. p. 30.

2256 Waitz, loc. cit. vol. iii. p. 355. McLennan, ‘Studies,’ p. 34.

2257 v. Martius, in ‘Jour. Roy. Geo. Soc.,’ vol. ii. p. 197.

2258 Bancroft, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  733.

2259 Alcedo-Thompson, ‘Dictionary of America and the West Indies,’ vol. i. p.  416. Smith, ‘The Araucanians,’ p. 215.

2260 Wallace, ‘Travels on the Amazon,’ p. 497. v. Martius, loc. cit. vol. i. p. 600.

2261 King and Fitzroy, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 182. Hyades, in ‘Bull. Soc. d’Anthr.,’ ser. iii. vol. x. p.  334.

2262 Andersson, ‘The Okavango River,’ p. 143.

2263 Conder, in ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. xvi. p. 83.

2264 Krapf, loc. cit. p. 354.

2265 Thomson, loc. cit. p. 51. Johnston, loc. cit. pp. 431, 436, et seq.

2266 Kames, ‘Sketches of the History of Man,’ vol. i. p.  449.

2267 Parkyns, loc. cit. vol ii. pp. 55, et seq.

2268 Macdonald, ‘Africana,’ vol. i. p.  133.

2269 Cf. Hodgson, ‘Reminiscences of Australia,’ p. 243; Angas, ‘Savage Life,’ vol. ii. pp. 225, et seq.

2270 Fison and Howitt, loc. cit. p. 343.

2271 Curr, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  108. Cf. Taplin, loc. cit. p. 10; Palmer, in ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. xiii. p. 301.

2272 Curr, vol. i. p.  108.

2273 Mathew, in ‘Jour. Roy. Soc. N.S. Wales,’ vol. xxiii. p. 407.

2274 Curr, vol. i. p.  108. For marriage by capture among the Australians, cf. also Montgomery, loc. cit. vol. ii. pp. 153, et seq.; Oldfield, in ‘Trans. Ethn. Soc.,’ N.S. vol iii. p. 250; Sturt, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 283; Waitz-Gerland, loc. cit. vol. vi. p. 773.

2275 Waitz-Gerland, vol. vi. p. 813.

2276 Taylor, loc. cit. p. 336.

2277 Williams and Calvert, loc. cit. p. 149.

2278 Wilkes, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 138.

2279 Waitz-Gerland, vol. v. pt. ii. p. 191.

2280 Bink, in ‘Bull. Soc. d’Anthr.,’ ser. iii. vol. xi. p. 396.

2281 Wilken, in ‘Bijdragen,’ &c., ser. v. vol. i. p.  183. Riedel, loc. cit. pp. 69, 133, 415.

2282 Bodo, Hos, Mundas, Kúrmis (Dalton, loc. cit. pp. 86, 192, 194, 319), Bhils, Káttis, Oráons (Rowney, loc. cit. pp. 37, 46, 81), Gonds (Forsyth, loc. cit. pp. 149, et seq.), Chittagong Hill tribes (Lewin, loc. cit. p. 92), Savaras (Fawcett, in ‘Jour. Anthr. Soc. Bombay,’ vol. i. p.  235).

2283 Burckhardt, loc. cit. pp. 61, 62, 150, 153. According to Professor Robertson Smith (loc. cit. p. 72), instances of marriage by capture might be accumulated to an indefinite extent from Arabian history and tradition. At the time of Mohammed the practice was universal.

2284 Huc, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  185.

2285 Kirghiz (Atkinson, ‘Travels in the Regions of the Upper and Lower Amoor,’ pp. 250, et seq.), Chulims (Georgi, loc. cit. p. 231), Mordvins (Mainoff, ‘Mordvankansan häätapoja’).

2286 Prejevalsky, ‘Mongolia,’ vol. ii. p. 121.

2287 Castrén, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 168.

2288 Buch, loc. cit. p. 62.

2289 Teptyars, Tartars of Crimea (Vámbéry, ‘Das Türkenvolk,’ pp. 523, 541), Ostyaks (Castrén, vol. ii. p. 57), Cheremises, Voguls (Georgi, loc. cit. pp. 56, 67).

2290 v. Düben, loc. cit. pp. 200, 310.

2291 Willigerod, ‘Geschichte Ehstlands,’ p. 9.  v. Schroeder, loc. cit. p. 19.

2292 ‘Kanteletar,’ book iii. song 22. Topelius, ‘De modo matrimonia jungendi apud Fennos quondam vigente,’ pp. 28-30. Castrén, in ‘Litterära Soiréer,’ 1849, p. 13.

2293 ‘Tidningar utgifne af et Sällskap i Äbo,’ 1778, no. 148. Heikel, in ‘Helsingfors Dagblad,’ 1881, nos. 66, 91. Ahlqvist, ‘Kulturwörter,’ p. 204.

2294 ‘The Laws of Manu,’ book iii. vv. 26, 33.