2748 Eskimo, Chinooks (Waitz, loc. cit. vol. iii. pp. 308, 338), Ahts (Sproat, loc. cit. p. 98), Indians of Western Washington and North-Western Oregon (Gibbs, ‘Tribes of Western Washington and Northwestern Oregon,’ in ‘Contributions to North American Ethnology,’ vol. i. p.  198), &c.

2749 Erman, in ‘Zeitschr. f. Ethnol.,’ vol. iii. p. 162.

2750 Sproat, p. 100.

2751 Heriot, loc. cit. p. 324.

2752 Waitz, vol. iv. p. 130.

2753 Bancroft, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 671.

2754 Waitz, vol. iv. pp. 360, 366.

2755 Garcilasso de la Vega, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  310. Acosta, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 424.

2756 Squier, in ‘Trans. American Ethn. Soc.,’ vol. iii. pt. i. p.  127.

2757 Bancroft, vol. ii. p. 265.

2758 Ibid., vol. i. p.  729. v. Humboldt, ‘Personal Narrative,’ vol. v. p.  548. Wallace, ‘Travels on the Amazon,’ p. 497. v. Martius, loc. cit. vol. i. p. 392.

2759 Indians of Guiana (Schomburgk, in Ralegh, ‘The Discovery of the Empire of Guiana,’ p. 110, note), Tupis (Southey, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  241), Jurís (Bastian, ‘Rechtsverhältnisse,’ p. 177), Araucanians (Alcedo-Thompson, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  416).

2760 v. Martius, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  126.

2761 Dawson, loc. cit. p. 33. Taplin, loc. cit. p. 12. Taylor, loc. cit. p. 338.

2762 Natives of Tonga (Cook, ‘Voyage to the Pacific Ocean,’ vol. i. p.  401), Pelew Islands (Kubary, loc. cit. p. 62), Ponapé (Finsch, in ‘Zeitschr. f. Ethnol.,’ vol. xii. p. 317), Marianne Group (Waitz, loc. cit. vol v. pt. ii. p. 107).

2763 Turner, ‘Samoa,’ p. 96.

2764 Ellis, ‘Polynesian Researches,’ vol. i. pp. 273, et seq.

2765 Crawfurd, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  77. Cf. ibid., vol. iii. p. 100; Blumentritt, loc. cit. p. 49, and Schadenberg, in ‘Zeitschr. f. Ethnol.,’ vol xvii. p. 12 (Philippine Islanders).

2766 Fytche, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 74. Dalton, loc. cit. p. 216.

2767 Colquhoun, ‘Amongst the Shans,’ p. 182, note 2.

2768 Dalton, p. 8.  Castrén, in ‘Helsingfors Morgonblad,’ 1843, no. 54.

2769 Central Asiatic Turks (Vámbéry, ‘Das Türkenvolk,’ p. 248), Kalmucks (Moore, loc. cit. p. 181), Tunguses, Jakuts (Sauer, loc. cit. pp. 49, 129).

2770 v. Siebold, loc. cit. p. 31. Bickmore, in ‘Trans. Ethn. Soc.,’ N. S.  vol vii. p. 20. St. John, in ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. ii. p. 254. Dixon, in ‘Trans. As. Soc. Japan,’ vol. xi. pt. i. p.  44. Dall, loc. cit. p. 525.

2771 Prejevalsky, ‘Mongolia,’ vol. i. p.  69; vol. ii. p. 121.

2772 Medhurst, in ‘Trans. Roy. As. Soc. China Branch,’ vol. iv. p. 21. Parker, ‘Comparative Chinese Family Law,’ in ‘The China Review,’ vol. viii. p. 78. Jamieson, ibid., vol. x. p.  80.

2773 Gray, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  212.

2774 Medhurst, p. 15. When dying, concubines who have not had children are removed from the dwelling-house to a humbler abode; they are not entitled to die in the dwelling-house of their master (Gray, vol. i. p. 213).

2775 Ibid., vol. i. p.  212-214.

2776 Jamieson, p. 80. Medhurst, pp. 15, 21.

2777 Parker, p. 79.

2778 Pischon, loc. cit. p. 14. Lane, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  252. Polak, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  226. Le Bon, ‘La civilisation des Arabes,’ p. 434. Nachtigal, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  723; vol ii. p. 177.

2779 Waitz, loc. cit. vol ii. pp. 109, et seq. Moore, loc. cit. p. 249. Bosman, loc. cit. p. 419. Burton, ‘On M. Du Chaillu’s Explorations,’ &c., in ‘Trans. Ethn. Soc.,’ N. S.  vol. i. p.  321.

2780 Waitz, vol. ii. p. 110.

2781 Macdonald, ‘Africana,’ vol. i. pp. 134, et seq.

2782 Chapman, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  341. Cf. ibid., vol. ii. p. 284; Andersson, ‘Lake Ngami,’ p. 225.

2783 Casalis, loc. cit. pp. 186, et seq. Cf. Livingstone, loc. cit. p. 185 (Bechuanas).

2784 ‘Das Ausland,’ 1881, p. 49.

2785 Fritsch, loc. cit. p. 92.

2786 Rochon, loc. cit. p. 747.

2787 Ebers, ‘Aegypten und die Bücher Moses’s,’ vol. i. p.  310. Cf. ‘Das Ausland,’ 1875, p. 293.

2788 Rawlinson, loc. cit. vol. iii. p. 216. Cf. Spiegel, loc. cit. vol. iii. p. 680.

2789 Mayne, ‘Hindu Law and Usage,’ p. 92. Jolly, in ‘Sitzungsber. Münch. Akad.,’ 1876, pp. 445-447. v. Schroeder, ‘Indiens Literatur und Cultur,’ p. 430.

2790 ‘The Laws of Manu,’ ch. iii. v. 12. Jolly, p. 446.

2791 Steele, loc. cit. p. 31.

2792 Geijer, loc. cit. vol. v. p.  88.

2793 Ewers, loc. cit. p. 108.

2794 Burton, ‘The City of the Saints,’ p. 518.

2795 Ancient Hindus (‘The Laws of Manu,’ ch. iii. v. 12) and Persians (Spiegel, loc. cit. vol. iii. p. 679), Chinese (Gray, loc. cit. vol vi. pp. 212, et seq.), Malays (Crawfurd, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  77).

2796 Waitz, loc. cit. vol. iii. p. 383.

2797 Darwin, ‘Journal of Researches,’ p. 366.

2798 v. Weber, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  329.

2799 d’Escayrac de Lauture, loc. cit. p. 68. Georgi, loc. cit. p. 102.

2800 Krasheninnikoff, loc. cit. p. 215.

2801 Waitz, vol. ii. p. 110.

2802 Williams, ‘Missionary Enterprises,’ p. 538.

2803 Cf. Lane, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  253, note †.

2804 Carver, loc. cit. p. 368.

2805 Schoolcraft, loc. cit. vol. v. p.  210. Cf. ibid., vol. i. p.  236 (Comanches).

2806 Georgi, loc. cit. p. 153.

2807 Lane, loc. cit. vol. i. pp. 253, et seq. note 5.

2808 Ibid., vol. i. p.  253 (Egyptians). Polak, loc. cit. vol. i. pp. 226, et seq. (Persians).

2809 Gibbs, loc. cit. pp. 198, et seq.

2810 Baker, ‘The Nile Tributaries of Abyssinia,’ p. 265. Cf. ibid., pp. 263, et seq.

2811 Schomburgk, in Ralegh, ‘The Discovery of Guiana,’ p. 110, note.

2812 Chavanne, ‘Die Sahara,’ p. 397. Cook, ‘Voyage to the Pacific Ocean,’ vol. ii. p. 157. Vámbéry, ‘Das Türkenvolk,’ p. 248. ‘Das Ausland,’ 1881, p. 15. Munzinger, loc. cit. p. 246 (Marea). Thomson, ‘Through Masai Land,’ p. 260 (Masai).

2813 King, in ‘Jour. Ethn. Soc. London,’ vol. i. p.  147. ‘Das Ausland,’ 1881, p. 698. Cranz, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  147.

2814 Schoolcraft, loc. cit. vol. v. p.  654.

2815 Salvado, ‘Mémoires,’ p. 278.

2816 Klemm, ‘Cultur-Geschichte,’ vol. iii. p. 278.

2817 Dalton, loc. cit. p. 8. 

2818 Ewald, loc. cit. p. 196. Herzog-Schaff, ‘Religious Encyclopædia,’ vol. ii. p. 1415. For other instances, see Georgi, loc. cit. p. 182 (Votyaks); Steller, loc. cit. p. 347 (Kamchadales); Dall, loc. cit. p. 524 (Ainos of the Kuriles).

2819 v. Langsdorf, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 47. Christianity has now extirpated this custom among the Aleuts (‘Das Ausland,’ 1881, p. 792).

2820 Coxe, loc. cit. p. 300.

2821 Dall, loc. cit. p. 416. Holmberg, in ‘Acta Soc. Sci. Fennicæ,’ vol. iv. pp. 315, et seq.

2822 Seemann, ‘Voyage of Herald,’ vol. ii. p. 66. King, in ‘Jour. Ethn. Soc. London,’ vol. i. p.  147. Waitz, loc. cit. vol. iii. p. 308. Regarding the Greenlanders, Cranz says (loc. cit. vol. i. p.  147), ‘Women who cohabit with several husbands are subjected to universal censure.'

2823 Lafitau, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  555.

2824 v. Humboldt, ‘Personal Narrative,’ vol. v. p.  549.

2825 Brett, loc. cit. p. 178.

2826 Lisiansky, loc. cit. p. 83.

2827 Moncelon, in ‘Bull. Soc. d’Anthr.,’ ser. iii. vol. ix. p. 367.

2828 Brough Smyth, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 386.

2829 Bontier and Le Verrier, loc. cit. p. 139.

2830 Thunberg, loc. cit. p. 141.

2831 Fritsch, loc. cit. p. 227. Theal, loc. cit. p. 19.

2832 Sibree, loc. cit. p. 253.

2833 Emerson Tennent, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 428. Balfour, loc. cit. vol. iii. p. 250. Davy, loc. cit. p. 286.

2834 Haeckel, ‘Indische Reisebriefe,’ p. 240.

2835 Shortt, in ‘Trans. Ethn. Soc.,’ N. S.  vol. ii. p. 240.

2836 Balfour, vol. iii. p. 250.

2837 ‘Asiatick Researches,’ vol. v. p.  13.

2838 Dalton, loc. cit. pp. 33, 36, 98.

2839 Rowney, loc. cit. p. 158.

2840 Fischer, ‘Memoir of Sylhet, Kachar, and the Adjacent Districts,’ in ‘Jour. As. Soc. Bengal,’ vol. ix. pt. ii. p. 834.

2841 Man, loc. cit. p. 100.

2842 Balfour, loc. cit. vol. iii. pp. 245, et seq.

2843 Bellew, ‘Kashmir and Kashghar,’ p. 118. Moorcroft and Trebeck, ‘Travels in the Himalayan Provinces of Hindustan and the Panjab,’ vol. i. pp. 321, et seq.

2844 Dunlop, ‘Hunting in the Himalaya,’ pp. 180, et seq.

2845 Gordon Cumming, ‘In the Himalayas,’ p. 406.

2846 Stulpnagel, ‘Polyandry in the Himâlayas,’ in ‘The Indian Antiquary,’ vol. vii. p. 133. de Ujfalvy, in ‘Bull. Soc. d’Anthr.,’ ser. iii. vol. v. p.  227.

2847 Wilson, loc. cit. pp. 206, et seq.

2848 McLennan, ‘Studies,’ p. 98.

2849 Lansdell, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 225.

2850 de Ujfalvy, in ‘Bull. Soc. d’Anthr.,’ ser. iii. vol. v. p.  227.

2851 Wilson, p. 206.

2852 Shortt, in ‘Trans. Ethn. Soc.,’ N. S.  vol. vii. pp. 264, et seq., note. Cf. however, Kearns, ‘The Tribes of South India,’ p. 69.

2853 Shortt, in ‘Trans. Ethn. Soc.,’ N. S.  vol. vii. p. 264.

2854 v. Haxthausen, ‘Transcaucasia,’ p. 403, note. Le Bon, ‘L’homme et les sociétés,’ vol. ii. p. 295.

2855 Ahlqvist, in ‘Acta Soc. Sci. Fennicæ,’ vol. xiv. p. 292, note.

2856 v. Haxthausen, p. 402.

2857 ‘Rig-Veda Sanhitá,’ mandala i. súkta 119, v. 5. 

2858 Strabo, loc. cit. book xi. ch. xiii. p. 526; book xvi. ch. iv. p. 782.

2859 Rémusat, ‘Nouveaux Mélanges Asiatiques,’ vol. i. p.  245.

2860 McLennan, ‘Studies,’ p. 99.

2861 Cæsar, loc. cit. book v. ch. 14.

2862 Weinhold, ‘Altnordisches Leben,’ p. 249.

2863 Emerson Tennent, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 428. Davy, loc. cit. p. 286.

2864 Marshall, loc. cit. p. 213.

2865 Balfour, loc. cit. vol. iii. p. 249.

2866 Dalton, loc. cit. p. 33.

2867 Ibid., p. 36.

2868 Fischer, in ‘Jour. As. Soc. Bengal,’ vol. ix. pt. ii. p. 834.

2869 ‘Ymer,’ vol. v. p.  xxiv.

2870 Rowney, loc. cit. p. 158.

2871 Gordon Cumming, loc. cit. pp. 405, et seq.

2872 Stulpnagel, in ‘The Indian Antiquary,’ vol. vii. p. 135.

2873 Cunningham, ‘Ladák,’ p. 306.

2874 Dunlop, loc. cit. pp. 180, et seq.

2875 Cunningham, ‘History of the Sikhs,’ p. 18. Cf. Orazio della Penna di Billi, ‘Account of the Kingdom of Tibet,’ in ‘Narratives of the Mission of George Bogle,’ &c., p. 336; Moorcroft and Trebeck, loc. cit. p. 180; Bonvalot, ‘Across Thibet,’ vol. ii. p. 126; Rockhill, ‘The Land of the Lammas,’ p. 212.

2876 Mr. Wilson says (loc. cit. p. 207) that it is probably the common marriage custom of at least thirty millions of respectable people.

2877 Wheeler, ‘The History of India,’ vol. ii. p. 241.

2878 Dutt, in ‘The Calcutta Review,’ vol. lxxxv. p. 266.

2879 Erman, in ‘Zeitschr. f. Ethnol.,’ vol. iii. p. 163. Holmberg, in ‘Acta Soc. Sci. Fennicæ,’ vol. iv. p. 399.

2880 Lisiansky, loc. cit. p. 83.

2881 Moorcroft and Trebeck, loc. cit. vol. i. pp. 321, et seq. Turner, ‘Account of an Embassy to Tibet,’ p. 348. Bellew, loc. cit. p. 118.

2882 Balfour, loc. cit. vol. iii. p. 246.

2883 Dunlop, loc. cit. p. 181. Rémusat, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  245.

2884 Strabo, loc. cit. book xvi. ch. iv. p. 782.

2885 Cæsar, loc. cit. book v. ch. 14.

2886 Ganzenmüller, ‘Tibet,’ p. 87.

2887 Marshall, loc. cit. p. 213.

2888 Balfour, vol. iii. p. 251.

2889 Lewin, loc. cit. p. 130. Cf. Man, loc. cit. p. 100.

2890 Meares, loc. cit. p. 268.

2891 Kirby, in ‘Smith. Rep.,’ 1864, p. 418.

2892 Coulter, ‘Notes on Upper California,’ in ‘Jour. Roy. Geo. Soc.,’ vol. v. p.  67. Seemann, ‘Voyage of Herald,’ vol. ii. p. 66.

2893 King, in ‘Jour. Ethn. Soc. London,’ vol i. p.  152. Lisiansky, loc. cit. p. 237. Powers, loc. cit. p. 243.

2894 Schoolcraft, loc. cit. vol. iv. p. 577; vol. iii. pp. 601, et seq.; vol. v. p. 707. For other tribes, see ibid., vol. iii. pp. 615, 632; vol. iv. p. 590.

2895 Morgan, ‘Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity,’ p. 477. Catlin, loc. cit. vol. i. pp. 119, 212. Cf. Schoolcraft, vol. iii. pp. 562, et seq.

2896 Waitz, ‘Introduction to Anthropology,’ p. 111. Azara, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 60. ‘Bulletin de la Société de Géographie,’ ser. iv. vol. ix. p. 209.

2897 Bancroft, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  662.

2898 Schomburgk, ‘Expedition from Pirara,’ in ‘Jour. Roy. Geo. Soc.,’ vol. xv. p. 45.

2899 v. Humboldt, ‘Personal Narrative,’ vol. v. pp. 549, et seq.

2900 Azara, vol ii. p. 93.

2901 v. Martius, loc. cit. vol. i. pp. 304, et seq. note **.

2902 Cf. Bonwick, in ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. xvi. p. 205.

2903 Fison and Howitt, loc. cit. p. 148.

2904 Oldfield, in ‘Trans. Ethn. Soc.,’ N. S.  vol. iii. p. 250.

2905 Brough Smyth, loc. cit. vol. i. p.  51.

2906 Lumholtz, loc. cit. p. 134. Cf. ibid., p. 184; Dumont d’Urville, ‘Voyage de l’Astrolabe, Histoire du voyage,’ vol. i. p.  495.

2907 Sturt, loc. cit. vol. ii. pp. 136, et seq.

2908 Breton, loc. cit. p. 404.

2909 Ellis, ‘Polynesian Researches,’ vol. i. p.  258.

2910 Montgomery, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 12.

2911 ‘Ymer,’ vol. iii. p. 167. La Pérouse, loc. cit. vol. ii. p. 28. Kotzebue, loc. cit. vol. iii. p. 226.

2912 Ellis, ‘Tour through Hawaii,’ p. 414. Waitz-Gerland, loc. cit. vol. vi. p. 128. Elton, in ‘Jour. Anthr. Inst.,’ vol. xvii. p. 94.