733. See Cic. Brut. 446.

734. Metam. xiii.

735. Controv. ii. 10.

736. See distinction between these in ch. viii.

737. Amor. II. xi. 10.

738. Ep. ex Ponto, ii. 10.

739. Trist. IV. x. 100.

740. Ibid. IV. x. 90, and III. i. 52.

741. Ibid. I. ii. 107.

742. Ibid. iv. 10, 101; Ep. ex Pont. p. ii. vii.

743. See Class. Museum, iv. 13.

744. Hist. Abreg. de la Lit. Rom.

745. Trist. III. i. 65.

746. Ex Ponto, IV. ix. 82.

747. Trist. I. iii.

748. Ibid. V. ii.

749. Ex Pont. IV. ix. 97.

750. See II. xviii. 19.

751. Rem. Am. 43.

752. Trist. i. vi. 30.

753. Metam. ii. i.

754. Ibid. i. 89.

755. Ibid. iv. 55.

756. Ibid. viii. 628.

757. Ibid. iii. 407.

758. Ibid. xi. 592.

759. Ibid. viii. 152.

760. Ibid. vii. 661.

761. Ibid. vii. 11.

762. Trist. ii. v. 549.

763. Hor. Od. I. 33.

764. Lib. iii. 7.

765. Ar. Am. iii. 205.

766. Plin. H. N. xxxii. 54.

767. In. Or. x. 98.

768. Ep. ex Pont. iv. 16, 33.

769. See Bernhardy, Gr. 440.

770. Bern. 409.

771. Quint. x. 1.

772. Ibid. iv. 16, 6.

773. Ep. ii. 77.

774. Ann. ii. 23; Suasor. I.

775. Ex Pont. iv. 16, 13.

776. Amor. ii. 18, 27.

777. Bernhardy, 451.

778. Ep. ex Pont. iv. 16, 13.

779. Smith’s Dict. Glaser im Rhein. Mus. N. F. i. 437.

780. Lib. i. 798–897; iv. 763.

781. Hor. Od. I. xxxi.

782. Cicero, notwithstanding his opposite politics, admired Marius, to whom he was distantly related, and thought it an honour to have been born near Arpinum. He quotes a saying of Pompey’s (Cic. de Leg. ii. 3,) that Arpinum had produced two citizens who had preserved Italy. Valerius Maximus thinks that Arpinum, in this respect, enjoyed a singular privilege:—Conspicuæ felicitatis Arpinum unicum, sive litterarum gloriosissimum contemptorem, sive abundantissimum fontem intueri velis.

783. De Orat. ii. 1.

784. Brut. 56.

785. Meyer, Anthol. Rom. 66.

786. B. C. 89.

787. Pro Quint. B. C. 81.

788. B. C. 79.

789. De Fin. 5, 1.

790. B. C. 77.

791. B. C. 76; æt. 31.

792. T. Q. v. 3.

793. B. C. 74.

794. B. C. 69.

795. In Pis. iii.; ad Fam. v. 2.

796. B. C. 61.

797. B. C. 58.

798. Ad Att. x. 4.

799. Ad Fam. x. iv. 4; ad Att. iii. 13.

800. Pro Planco, 26.

801. In Pis. xxii.; Post red. xv.

802. B. C. 53.

803. Att. ii. 5.

804. Niebuhr.

805. See Letters to Att. passim.

806. B. C. 46.

807. B. C. 43.

808. He wrote during that year the De Officiis, De Divinatione, De Fato, Topica, and the lost treatise De Gloria, besides a vast number of Letters.

809. Pro Muræna, 3.

810. De Leg., introduction.

811. Poverty and barrenness were most probably instrumental in producing the diffuseness and exuberance of the Asiatic and Rhodian schools. Their literature and philosophy were deficient in matter, and they sought to hide this defect by the external ornaments of language. For a long time Athens, strong in her pure classic taste, successfully resisted this influence; and in the time of Cicero the tastes of the two schools were in direct opposition. But the flowers of rhetoric are captivating: another generation saw the supremacy of rhetoric at Rome; and the days of Petronius Arbiter (Satyr. book ii.) witnessed the migration of Asiatic taste to Athens.

812. Cicero tells us (de Orat. i. 57, 58) that Galba, Antony, and Sulpicius were ignorant of jurisprudence; that the chief requisites were elegance, wit, pathos, &c. For legal knowledge they trusted to jurisconsults. In the oration pro Muræna, even he himself sneers at a technical knowledge of law.

813. Delivered B. C. 81.

814. B. C. 80.

815. De Orat.

816. B. C. 70.

817. B. C. 69.

818. B. C. 66.

819. Belles Lettres, Lect. xxviii.

820. B. C. 61.

821. Schröter. Leips. 1818.

822. B. C. 56.

823. B. C. 55.

824. Born about B. C. 2.

825. B. C. 56.

826. Phil. ii.

827. Phil. i.; B. C. 44.

828. De Orat. i. 2.

829. For the arguments on this point see Smith’s Dict. i. 726.

830. B. C. 55, 46, 45.

831. B. C. 47.

832. B. C. 46.

833. B. C. 45.

834. Tusc. i. 3. See also ii. 2.

835. De Off. i. 1.

836. De Div. II. ii.

837. De Fin. iii. 2.

838. Epist. iv. 18.

839. Ibid. lviii.

840. Ex. gr. De Div. ii. 1; Brut. 93.

841. See also T. D. ii. 4; x. b. v. ii.

842. A. U. C. 592; Gell. N. A. xv. 2.

843. Cic. de Or. ii. 37.

844. Tusc. iv. 3.

845. Ritter, H. of Ph. vol. iv. xii. 2, note.

846. Tusc. iv. 3.

847. Ac. Post. I. 2.

848. De Rep. i. 18, 19.

849. De Off. i. 43.

850. De Off. i. 43.

851. De Fin. iv. 9.

852. Tusc. i. 27, 28.

853. De Leg. ii. 13.

854. De Sen. 21.

855. B. C. 45.

856. B. C. 54.

857. Lib. i. 26, 35, 45; ii. 23.

858. Ethics.

859. Lib. i. 27, 28; ii. 39.

860. Lib. i. 29, 35, 45.

861. See Tac. Annal. I.

862. See Meyer’s Anthol. 67.

863. Hor. Od. ii. 1.

864. Hieron. in Eus. Ch.

865. Catull. xii. 1.

866. B. C. 39.

867. Tac. Ann. i. 12.

868. Plin. Ep. vii. 4; Suet. Cl. 41.

869. Sat. I. x.; Carm. ii. 1.

870. Ecl. iii. 86; viii.

871. Dial. de Orat. 21.

872. Lib. x. i. 113.

873. Ad. Fam. x. 31, 32, 33.

874. Lect. R. H. cvi.

875. Plin. H. N. vii. 3; xxxv. 2.

876. See Exc. in Delph. Cic.

877. B. C. 116.

878. Cic. Brut. i. 56.

879. Cic. Acad. iii. 12.

880. Cic. Phil. ii. 18.

881. Cæs. B. G. i. 38; ii. 17.

882. Cic. ad Fam. ix. 13.

883. B. C. 43.

884. Plin. N. H. xxix. 4.

885. Quint. x. i. 95.

886. See Meyer’s Anthol. 78.

887. Meyer, Anthol. Rom. 34–51.

888. See ad Att. i. 3, 5, 10, 11, 14.

889. B. C. 60.

890. Ad Fam. v. 12; xv. 21, 6.

891. Ad Att. ix. 1.

892. Consul, B. C. 74.

893. Ad Att. i. 19.

894. Cio. pro Arch.

895. Cic. Brut. 62.

896. Ad Att. i. 19; Liv. iv. 23; x. 9.

897. Hieron. Chron. Euseb.

898. Præf. Epigr. i. 3.

899. Gell. xv. 28.

900. Cic. ad Att. xvi. 5.

901. Lib. xvii. 21, 3.

902. Lib. i. 3.

903. A. Gell. vii. 18; xxi. 8.

904. Ibid. xv. 28.

905. Lactant. Inst. Div. iii. 15.

906. C. Nep. Vit. Dion. 3.

907. B. C. 80.

908. Suet. Cæs. 4; Cic. Att. ii. 1.

909. Brut. 91.

910. B. C. 81.

911. B. C. 70.

912. B. C. 62.

913. Germ. 28.

914. Annal. xiii. 3.

915. Suet. v. Jul. 55.

916. See Macr. Sat. i. 16.

917. Ibid.

918. B. C. 46.

919. B. C. 61.

920. Suet. V. Jul. 44.

921. A. Gell. i. 22.

922. Merivale’s H. of R. ii. 422.

923. Suet. 44; Plin. H. N. vii. 31.

924. Cic. Brut. 72; Tac. Ann. xiii. 3; Quint. x. i. 114.

925. Meyer, Fr. Or. Rom. p. 404.

926. Nieb. Lect. R. H. xcv.

927. See Dodwell’s Dissert. in Cæs. Ed. Var.

928. The friendship which existed between these great men furnishes an anecdote (Suet. V. J. C. 72) characteristic of the most amiable feature in Cæsar’s character, his devoted and hearty attachment to those whom he loved. Once, when they were journeying together, they reached a cottage, in which only one room was to be procured; Oppius was ill, and Cæsar gave up the room to his sick friend, whilst he bivouacked in the open air.

929. Lect. R. H. xcv.

930. See Niebuhr, Lect. R. H.

931. Smith’s Dict. in loco.

932. Brut. 71, 72, 75.

933. Præf. to book viii.

934. Suet. 56.

935. Juv. vi. 338; Suet. 56; Gell. iv. 16; Cic. Div. ii. 9.

936. Ad Att. xii. 40, 41, 44, 45; xiii. 37, 40, 48, 50.

937. Cic. Brut. 72.

938. See Nieb. L. R. H. xcv.; Suet. 66; Cic. ad Fam. ix. 16.

939. Meyer’s Lat. Anthol. 68, 69, 70.

940. A. Gellius tells us (xvii. 9) that he was the author of Letters to Oppius, written in cipher, of which he gives the following interesting description:—“Erat conventum inter eos clandestinum de commutando situ literarum ut inscriptio quidem alia alius locum et nomen teneret sed in legendo locus cuique suus et potestas restitueretur.” Suetonius (Vit. Cæs. 56) describes in the same way the nature of the cipher which he used, and illustrates it by saying that he used to put d for a, and so forth.