207
Peloponnese, the, 137, 206
Peloponnesian War, 143, 194, 199, 208
Pelops, 76
Penelope, 47, 55, 58
Penrose, F. G., on the Parthenon, 161
Pentelic marble, 147
Pergamum, 237;
altar of Zeus, 251
Periander, 106, 108, 109
Pericles, 99, 110;
and the constitution of Athens, 118, 142-144;
attacks on, 145, 156;
oration on Athenian soldiers, 146;
bust of, 160;
the Odeion, 168;
the Acropolis, 192
Peripatetic school of philosophy, 253
Persephone, Eleusinian mysteries in honour of, 98;
on Harpy Tomb (Queen of the Dead), 123;
on Ludovisi reliefs, 123;
worship of, 170;
Hades the home of, 190;
on an archaic relief, 192
Perseus, 130
Persian Empire and Alexander the Great, 242, 243
Persian Gulf, the, 243
Persian wars, the, 124, 133-139, 142, 153, 203;
Greek mercenaries in the Persian army, 201;
Isocrates and the Persians, 230;
Alexander and Persian troops, 241
Persis, 62
Phæacia, 54
“Phædo,” the, of Plato, 233
Phalanx, the, 241
Phalaris of Acragas, 105
Phanes, coin of, 123
Pharisaism, 257
Pharnabazus, 199
Pheidias, 81, 102, 145, 146-158, 213
Phidolas, 79
Phigaleia, temple of, 169
Philip of Macedon, 208, 237-241
Philip II., 239
Philippiades, 135
Philosophers, Ionian, 122
Philosophy of Pythagoras, 127;
Eleatic school of, 128;
of the fourth century, 231-236;
Aristotle, 253;
Stoicism, 257;
Epicurean, 257;
the Cynics, 258;
and Julian the Apostate, 262
Phocians, the, 138, 238
Phœnicia, 244
Phœnician fleet, 142, 247
Phœnician traders, 129
Phœnicians, the, 33, 130
Phormio, 230
Phrygian Mode in music, 224
Phryne, 213
Phrynichus, 174, 176
Phthiotis, 41
Pictographic script, 20
Pillar-worship, 29
Pindar, 73, 76, 113, 129;
the house of, 243
Pipes, 224
Piracy on the Ægean, 105
Pisirodus, 78
Pittacus, 121
“Place of the Wine-press,” 175
Platæa, battle of, 87, 130, 135, 139, 168;
Pheidias and statue for Platæa, 157
Plato, influence of Pythagoras on, 128;
on feminine nudity, 82;
sex problem, 180;
the “Republic,” 209, 254;
and Socrates, 231;
and the Homeric gods, 232;
his ideal philosophy, 234;
Aristotle and, 253;
influence of, 261
Plato’s garden of the Academy, 210
“Platonic” love, 234
Plautus, 253
Pleading in litigation, 229
Pleasure, 258
Pliny, 149, 213, 219, 223
Plutarch on Spartan women, 90;
on Periclean Athens, 150;
the basis of his narratives, 228;
his biographies, 262
Pluto, 190
Pnyx, the, 229;
hill of Pnyx, 168
Poetry, religious aspect of, 75;
lyric, 119;
lyric poets, 129;
the epic, hexameter verse, the elegiac couplet, epigrams, pastoral, 249;
Alexandria and poetry, 249;
Aristotle and, 254
Poets, Ionian, 119-122
Political science, Aristotle and, 254, 255
Political system, Apollo and, 73
Politics, Greek, 10;
in the fourth century, 209;
Plato, 254;
Aristotle, 255
Polycleitus, 80, 81, 159
Polycrates, tyrant of Samos, 104, 113
Polygnotus, 164, 167, 191, 213, 223
Pompeian frescoes and mosaics, 223;
mosaic floor, 245;
Greek art, 263
Population, decline of, 239
Portico, the Royal, 167;
Portico of Freedom, 167;
Decorated Portico, 167
Portland Vase, the, 263
Portraiture, 211;
on coins, 226, 247
Poseidon, the sea-god, 66;
Athena and, 95, 152;
worship, 96;
of Mycale, 112;
in the Parthenon frieze, 155;
and the salt spring, 165;
marks of his trident, 166
Posidonium, 128
Potter’s wheel, the, 22
Pottery, design in, and progress, 19;
Athenian, 112;
red-figured style, 224;
Panathenaic amphoræ, 225
Praxiteles, Statue of Brauronian Artemis, 164;
Hermes, 169, 209;
and Athens, 194;
nudity in sculpture, 211;
works of, 213
“Praying Boy, The,” 220
Priam, palace of, 60
Professionalism, 210, 225
Prometheus, 62
Protagoras, 235
Psammetichus, 106
Psyche, 189
Ptolemies, the, 244, 247, 248, 250
Pugilism, Cnossian, 25
Punjaub, the, 243
Pyrrhus, 245, 261
Pythagoras of Samos, philosophy of, 74, 127;
immortality taught by, 190
Pythian games, 72, 76
Pytho, 69, 71

Quoit-thrower, the, 81

Racial decline, 239
Religion of the Stone Age, 18;
prehistoric Greek, 34;
early religious beliefs, 65;
survival of, 67;
and morality, 235
Religious significance of the games, 74-76;
of poetry, 75
Renaissance, the, and Greek thought, 3
Republic, an Ideal, 254;
of Aristotle, 256
Rhetoric, 228-231;
of Aristotle, 254
Rhodes, 237, 244;
gold coins of, 226;
siege of, 252
Rhodian sculptors of the “Laocoön,” 265
Ridgeway, Prof. Wm., on the survival of early Greek language, 32;
on naturalistic worship, 34;
and the invaders of Greece, 38;
on Homer, 51;
and Greek drama, 173
Rock-tombs, 188
Rodin, M., 148
Romans, the, and Greece, 245;
and Greek philosophy, 258;
and Hellenism, 260;
and the control of Greece, 261;
and Græco-Roman art, 265
Romantic, the, in the Greek character, 180
Roof-tiles, 108
Roxana, 242
Royal Portico, the, 167
Running Girl (statue), 161
Ruskin, John, 150

Sacred Band, the, 180, 205
“Sacred Wars,” 241
Sacrifice and ritual at Olympic Games, 77
Sacrifices and the dead, 66
Salamis, 110, 138
Samos, 142
Samothrace, 252
Sanitation, Cnossian, 26
Sappho, 119-121
Sardis, 133
Satyr, the young, by Praxiteles, 213, 214, 215
Satyric drama and the Satyrs, 173
Scepticism, Ionian, 122
Scheria, 48
Schliemann’s discoveries, 13
Scopas the Parian, 212, 217, 221
Sculpture of the Homeric period, 54;
development of, 69;
inspired by athletes, 80;
Ionian, 123 et seq.;
earliest temple, 130;
before Pheidias, 147;
methods, 148;
materials, 149;
pediment figures, 150;
metopes, 153;
frieze (Parthenon), 153;
statues by Pheidias, 156, 157;
works of sculptors, 159-161;
great sculptors, 159;
minor sculptors, 192;
of the fourth century, 211;
materials, 212;
anatomy, 212;
supports, 213;
works by Praxiteles, 213-217;
convention, 216;
tinted marble, 216;
Scopas, 217;
Lysippus, 218;
works by unknown artists, 219;
six greatest statues, 219;
bronzes, 220;
the Venus of Milo, 251;
Græco-Roman, 265;
the Laocoön, 265
Scyros, 190
Sea, Hesiod and the, 63;
the Greek true element, 262
Sea-power, 195
Seleucid kings, the, 244
Selinus, 130
Sellasia, 239, 245
Semites, the, 129
Seven Sages, the, 74, 101, 106
Seven Wonders of the World, 247
Sex problem, the, 180
Shakespeare and Menander, 253, 261
Shelley’s “Adonais,” 250
Shield of Achilles, the, 42-47
Shields lost in battle, 121
Sicily, tyranny in, 104;
poets in, 126;
and wheat, 127;
the Semites and (Carthaginian invasion), 129, 137;
Athens and, 142, 144, 195;
Idylls of Theocritus, 249;
history, 250
Sicyon, 104, 109
Sidon sarcophagus, 246
Sigeum, 110, 121
Simonides, 104, 109, 113, 122, 129
Simplicity, Greek, in drama, 182
Sirens, the, 66
Skirophoria, 99
“Skolia,” 114
Slavery, 145, 171, 236
Slavs, the, 262
Snake-worship, 69, 99
Socialist, Pericles a, 143;
Plato the father of socialism, 255
Socrates and the education of women, 82;
and Alcibiades, 144;
attacks upon, 145;
and Aspasia, 146;
and the Royal Portico, 167;
Xenophon and, 203;
the personality of, 231;
trial and death, 232;
his philosophy, 231, 234
Soldiers, Spartan, 204;
professional, 238
Solon, the Spartans and, 74;
his laws, 97, 99, 100, 191;
poetry, 100;
and Egypt, 101;
and Peisistratus, 110;
and Cleisthenes, 118;
and funerals, 191;
historians and, 228
Sophistry, 231
Sophocles, actors in, 174;
and the Athenian spirit, 177;
number of his works, 182;
and Aristophanes, 186
Sophrosune, 10
Sparta, conservative in type, 6;
its smallness, 10;
political system, 73, 83;
and the Olympian Games, 77;
government, 84;
kings, 84;
Ephorate, 85;
Mixed Constitution, 86;
an aristocracy, 87;
Helots, 87;
Neighbours, or Perioikoi, 87;
the city, 87;
as conqueror, 88;
military education and discipline, 83, 88-89;
art, 88;
coinage, 89;
education, 89;
women, 90;
marriage customs, 90;
children and youths, 91;
warfare, 92;
relaxations, 93;
Spartan character, 93;
conservatism, 94;
and Persian invasion, 137;
and democracy, 196;
and Lysander, 200;
domination and aggression of, 198, 203, 205;
an inland power, 199;
government, 200;
soldiers, 204;
and Thebes, 207;
reformation of, 239;
and the confederacies, 244;
government under the Romans, 261
Sparta and Athens, 133, 135, 195;
conflict between, 83, 143
Spartans of the Dorian race, 40
Spartiate race of Lacedæmon, 239
Spartiates, the, 84, 87, 88, 239
Sphacteria, 144, 160
Sphinx, the, 58
“Spinario,” the, 161
Stackelberg, Baron von, 170
Stadium, the, 226
Stage, the, 174, 175
Stagira, 253
Stesichorus of Himera, 129
Stoic philosophy, the, 167, 257, 258
Stoicism and Christianity, 261
Stone Age, the, in Crete, 18
Strategoi, 117
Studniczka, Prof., 126
Styx, the, 189, 233
“Successors, the,” 244
Sulla, 220
Swinburne, A. C., on Sappho, 120
Sybaris, 127, 128
Syracuse, poets of, 129;
tyrants of, 78, 129, 250;
Doric columns, 131;
coins, 129, 131, 225
“Syrinx,” the, 224

Tanagra statuettes, 227
Tartarus, 233
Taygetus, Mount, 87
“Tearless Battle,” 208
Tegea, 218
Telamon, 147
Telamones of Acragas, 166
Tempe, 9, 137
Temples, Doric, in Selinus, 130
Ten Thousand, the march of the, 201
Tenean Apollo,