Ægir and Ran.
  Page
Ægir, the God of the Deep, more clement than Ran, his Queen 141
Another Feast given by the Sea-god, in which Loke is abusive 142
Other Deities.
  Page
The Nornies 143
Night and Day 143
The Giant of Winter 144
Balder.
  Page
His Fate connected with that of the Universe; his Dreams, and consequent Anxiety of the Gods 145
Interpretation of the Mythos 146
Punishment of Loke.
  Page
He is bound, like Prometheus, to the Flinty Rock; Poison; Fidelity of his Wife 146
Ragnarok, the Twilight of the Gods.
  Page
Account of that great Consummation extracted from the Prose Edda 147
Corroborated by the Voluspa 150
SECTION III.
INTRODUCTION OF CHRISTIANITY INTO DENMARK AND
SWEDEN.

OBSCURE EFFORTS OF THE ANGLO-SAXON MISSIONARIES TO CHRISTIANISE FRISIA AND DENMARK.—VICTORIES OF CHARLEMAGNE PREPARE THE WAY FOR A WIDER DIFFUSION OF CHRISTIANITY.—FEALTY OF HARALD KLAK.—MISSIONARIES SENT INTO THE NORTH.—ST. ANSCAR.—CREATION OF AN ARCHBISHOPRIC.—ST. REMBERT.—SUCCEEDING ARCHBISHOPS.—FLUCTUATIONS IN THE STATE OF THE NEW RELIGION.—ITS ULTIMATE ESTABLISHMENT IN THE KINGDOMS OF THE NORTH.

A. D.   Page
  Early Efforts of the Anglo-Saxon Missionaries to Christianise the North; very little effected in the Eighth Century 151
822. But in the Ninth there is more Success 152
826–830. St. Anscar, Monk of Corbey 153
  He repairs first to Denmark, and next to Sweden 154
  His Reception by the Swedish King, and his Return to Germany 155
830–852. He is made Archbishop of Hamburg, with the Primacy over the North 155
  Difficulties of his Position 156
852. He goes Ambassador to the North; Opposition to him in Sweden 157
853–865. But that Opposition he overcomes through the royal Aid 158
865–889. St. Rembert, his Biographer and Successor 160
  Adalgar, his Coadjutor 160
889–936. Adalgar and Hoger, in succession Archbishops of Bremen, have no great Zeal for the Cause 161
  But Unnus has; his Success 161
936–988. Progress of Christianity in Denmark under Adalrag; Erection of four Episcopal Sees 162
988–1026. Pontificate of Libentis 163
BOOK II.
THE MIDDLE AGE.
CHAPTER I.
DENMARK.
1014–1387.

CANUTE THE GREAT.—HARDA-CANUTE.—MAGNUS.—ROMANTIC ADVENTURES OF HARALD HARDRADE.—SWEYN II.—HARALD III.—CANUTE IV.—OLAF II.—ERIC III.—NICHOLAS.—ERIC IV.—ERIC V.—CANUTE V. AND SWEYN III.—VALDEMAR I.—HIS ABLE REIGN.—ARCHBISHOPS ESKIL AND ABSALOM.—CANUTE VI.—VALDEMAR II.—DECLINE OF THE DANISH POWER AND THE CAUSES WHICH LED TO IT.—ERIC VI.—ABEL.—CHRISTOPHER I.—ERIC VII.—ERIC VIII.—CHRISTOPHER II.—INTERREGNUM.—VALDEMAR III.—MEMORABLE TRANSACTIONS WITH NORWAY AND SWEDEN.—OLAF III.—UNION OF DENMARK AND NORWAY.

Canute the Great.
1015–1035.
    Page
1014. Canute the Great succeeds his Father Sweyn in both Denmark and England 165
1016–1028. He conquers Norway 167
1028–1035. Character of his Administration 167
  His personal Character 167
  He divides his Dominions among his Sons 168
Harda-Canute.
1035–1042.
    Page
1035–1040. Loses Denmark by the Usurpation of his Brother Harald, but recovers it on that Prince’s Death 171
1040–1042. His Administration of England 171
1035–1042. And of Denmark 171
  His Compact with Magnus, King of Norway 172
Magnus I.
1042–1047.
    Page
1042–1044. Succeeds in virtue of his Compact with Harda-Canute, and is well received in Denmark 172
  His Impolicy in regard to Sweyn, the Nephew of Canute the Great, whom he makes Viceroy of Denmark 173
  The Viceroy rebels, and is vanquished 173
1044, 1045. Magnus triumphs over the Pirates 173
1045. A new Enemy appears in Harald Hardrade; his romantic Adventures 174
1045, 1046. Harald allies with Sweyn, but Magnus dissolves the Alliance by his Policy 177
1047. Magnus leaves the Danish Crown to Sweyn 178
Sweyn II.
1047–1076.
    Page
1048–1070. Transactions with Norway, England, &c. 178
1066–1070. And with the Church, which his Incontinence provokes 179
1070. He commits Murder also, and does Penance for it 180
1070–1076. Character of this Monarch, and Description of Denmark, by Adam, Canon of Bremen 181
Harald III.
SURNAMED HEIN, OR THE GENTLE.
1076–1080.
    Page
1076. Harald, a Bastard Son of Sweyn II, is elected by the States 183
1076–1080. His Reign affords no Materials for History 183
Canute IV.
SURNAMED THE SAINT.
1080–1086.
    Page
1080–1085. His foreign Preparations 184
1080–1086. His vigorous Administration 184
  His impolitic Indulgence to the Church 185
  His Enforcement of the Tithe 186
1086. His tragical End 186
  His Semi-deification 187
  He is succeeded by Olaf, Duke of Sleswic 187
Olaf II.
SURNAMED FAMELICUS, OR THE HUNGRY.
1087–1095.
    Page
1087–1095. During his Reign, the Realm wasted by Famine 187
Eric III.
SURNAMED THE GOOD.
1095–1103.
    Page
1095, 1096. His vigorous Administration 188
1097–1103. Lund erected into a Metropolis independent of Bremen 189
  His Pilgrimage to the Holy Land 189
1103. His Death and Character 190
Nicholas.
1105–1134.
    Page
1103–1105. Interregnum of two Years, when Nicholas is elected 190
1105–1126. His Jealousy of his Nephew Canute 191
1126–1132. Civil Wars 192
1132–1134. Civil Wars continued; Murder of Nicholas 193
Eric IV.
SURNAMED EMUND.
1134–1137.
    Page
1131–1137. His Reign has no Materials for History 193
Eric V.
SURNAMED THE LAME.
1137–1147.
    Page
1137–1147. Vanquishes a Competitor for the Throne, and retires to the Cloister 194
  Double Election 195
Canute V.
1147–1156.
Sweyn III.
1147–1157.
    Page
1147–1152. Civil Wars 195
1152–1156. Continued; Actions of Prince Valdemar 196
1156, 1157. After the Death of Canute, Sweyn contends with Valdemar 197
Valdemar I.
SURNAMED THE GREAT.
1157–1182.
    Page
1157–1169. Valdemar, Monarch of Denmark, destroys the Pirates of Rugen 198
1169–1175. Other Transactions with the Pagans of Vandalia 200
  Archbishop Eskil, Primate 202
1175–1179. Archbishop Absalom, the Successor of Eskil 203
1176–1179. Valdemar exacts the Tithe; Disturbances in consequence 205
1180. His Transactions with the Empire 206
1182. His Character and Administration 207
Canute VI.
1182–1202.
    Page
1182–1189. Prosperity of this Monarch 208
1183–1188. He quarrels with the Emperor 209
1191–1202. His Troubles through Bishop Valdemar 209
  Flourishing State of Denmark in his Reign 211
Valdemar II.
SURNAMED THE VICTORIOUS.
1202–1241.
    Page
1202–1204. His early Transactions with Holstein 212
1204–1210. His Expedition against the Livonians 212
1205–1218. His Disputes with the Empire 213
1219–1223. His Transactions with Esthonia 214
1223. He is made Prisoner by one of his Vassals 215
1223–1226. Negotiations for his Ransom, which is at length effected 216
1226–1238. His unfortunate Projects 216
1238–1241. His internal Administration 217
1240. His Character as a Legislator 217
Eric VI.
SURNAMED PLOGPENNING, OR PLOUGHPENNY.
1241–1250.
    Page
1241. Eric, prior to his Accession, had been Duke of Sleswic 218
1241–1248. His unfortunate Dispute with his Brother Abel, and its Results 218
1249. His Expedition into Livonia 219
1250. His War with the Count of Holstein led to his Murder by his Brother Abel 220
Abel.
1250–1252.
    Page
1250–1252. The royal Fratricide undertakes an Expedition against the Frisians, and is slain in a Morass 221
1252. In the popular Creed he becomes a Vampire 222
Christopher I.
1252–1259.
    Page
1252–1258. Troubled Reign of this Prince 223
1256–1257. His Disputes with the Church, especially with Jacob Erlandsen, Bishop of Roskild 224
1257. Violent Measures of the King 225
1258, 1259. To sustain the Vengeance of the Church, he allies himself with his royal Neighbours, but dies 226
1259. Was his Death natural? 227
Eric VII.
SURNAMED GLIPPING.
1259–1286.
    Page
1259–1263. Troubles during the Minority of this King 227
1261–1264. He and his Mother Prisoners, but both eventually released 229
1272–1275. He is reconciled with the Church 230
1280–1286. But he is embroiled with other Enemies, who deprive him of Life 231
  His Reign disastrous 231
Eric VIII.
SURNAMED MOENVED.
1286–1319.
    Page
1286–1308. Troubles of the Minority; Efforts to recal the Murderers of the late King 232
1292–1299. The King embroiled with the Church 233
1299–1319. Other Troubles; Eric a Legislator; before his Death (without Issue) he advises the States not to elect his turbulent Brother 234
1310. But that Brother procures the Crown 235
Christopher II.
1320–1334.
    Page
1320–1323. Prodigality of the new King to secure himself on the Throne 236
1324, 1325. He violates his Pledges 236
1325. Dissatisfaction of his People, who expel him 237
1326–1328. Rapacity of the Nobles during his Exile; he returns 238
1329–1331. His ruinous Promises 239
1331, 1332. Proceedings in regard to Scania, which becomes the Prize of Sweden 240
1332, 1333. Last Days of Christopher 241
Interregnum.
    Page
1333, 1334. State of the Country 241
1334–1340. Rapacity of the Regents, especially Count Gerard, who is murdered 242
1340. Election of a new King 243
Valdemar IV.
SURNAMED ATTERDAG.
1340–1375.
    Page
1340. State of the Kingdom on the Accession of Valdemar 244
  His vigilant Administration 244
1344. He sells Scania, but redeems many other Places 245
1345–1348. He sells Esthenia, and makes good Use of the Money 245
1348–1350. He obtains Money from another Quarter 246
1351–1357. His Rigour occasions Rebellion, which, however, he suppresses 247
1357–1360. He recovers Scania 247
1360–1363. By helping Magnus of Sweden, he offends the Hanse Towns 248
1362, 1363. His artful Policy in regard to the Union of his Daughter with Hako of Norway 250
1363. Important Consequences of this Union 250
1364, 1365. Valdemar abroad 251
1367–1370. Again. Why? 251
1370–1375. Closing Years of his Reign 252
Olaf III.
1376–1387.
    Page
1375, 1376. Olaf, Son of Hako, elected; his Mother Regent 253
1373. Lavish Promises of Margaret 254
  Opinion respecting them 255
1376–1380. She triumphs over all Competitors 255
1380–1386. Olaf becomes King of Norway; ambitious Policy of the Queen-Mother 256
1386. Transactions with the House of Holstein 257
1387. Sudden Death of Olaf 258