Fig. 431.—Renaissance Ceiling. (From Serlio’s Architecture.)

One of the purest examples of the Cinquecento in France is the ornament found on the pilasters of the monument erected to Louis XII. at St. Denis, Paris (Fig. 433). The sculptors are said to have been Jean Just and François Gentil. The figure work on this monument was executed by Trebatti, a Florentine sculptor. Another phase of the Renaissance in France is the Henry Deux style. It is illustrated in the carved door-panels from the Château d’Anet (Figs. 434 and 435) (1548), where the tracery, interlaced work, and shields are combined to form the features of this ornament. The initial letter H of the king and the crescent arms of Diana of Poitiers are seen very often on the shields.

Fig. 432.—Ceiling Decoration, from San Spirito, Florence. By Sansovino.

Jean Goujon and Jean Cousin were employed on the decoration of this castle.

Fig. 433.—Pilasters, from the Monument to Louis XII., St. Denis, Paris.

An extremely rich example of French carved wood is the panel from the Château Gaillon, in Normandy (1515) (Fig. 436).

Fig. 434.—Carved Panel, Henry II. style, from the Château d’Anet.

Fig. 435.—Carved Panel, Henry II. style, from the Château d’Anet.

Fig. 436.—Carved Wood; Château Gaillon. (1505.)

The above examples, and the chimney-piece panel by Germain Pilon (1560) (Fig. 437), another sculptor employed by Catherine de’ Medici, are a few of the best specimens of the Cinquecento period in France.

Elizabethan ornament, or that of the Renaissance in England, is characterized by a preponderance of strap-work, and has animals, masks, rosettes, half-lion or half-human terminals, debased class of mouldings, and very little foliage. The example given—the panelling from the Old Guard Chamber, Westminster (1600), exhibits a strong influence of Saracenic tracery that was prevalent in much of the later furniture and textiles of the Renaissance (Fig. 438).

Fig. 437.—Panel from Chimneypiece; Louvre. By Germain Pilon.

Fig. 438.—Elizabethan Panelling, from the Old Guard Chamber, Westminster.

Shield-work was not so prominent in the pure Elizabethan as in the Jacobean (James I.) style; the carved stone escutcheon-like work from Crewe Hall, Cheshire, attributed to Inigo Jones (Fig. 439), shows the beginning of the Jacobean shield-work. This style is best seen in the carved-wood furniture of the period, and both it and the Elizabethan are generally speaking offshoots of the Flemish and German phases of the Renaissance. Elizabethan ornament is of great variety, the panelling and other arrangements are sometimes composed purely of strap-work of a rectangular flat perforated appearance, sometimes seen in the doorways and chimney fronts, as at Hardwick Hall, Haddon Hall, Speke and Crewe Halls. Another kind is of a more curved variety, with figures and animals, as seen in the illustration from an old house at Exeter now in Kensington Museum (Fig. 440); another kind is carved in rectangular or curved and notched frames of cartouche work with the smaller spaces and little panels carved in imitation of jewels with oval or lozenge-shaped facets. Columns of Ionic or Corinthian orders, and classic mouldings, dentils, and the egg and tongue were frequently used. The ceilings were often panelled and moulded, inclining in this respect more to the Gothic than classic. A bizarre kind of Renaissance architectural feature was prevalent in Holland and in some parts of Germany, which seems to have been the model for much of the “bolt and lock” style of some Elizabethan gateways. The architect Dietterlin, of Strassburg (1550-1599), was an extraordinary exponent of this twisted and bolted form of fantastic architecture, which had become only too fashionable at this period. The illustration (Fig. 441) shows an example of what might be called a mild specimen of the style of Dietterlin. The popularity of the Dietterlin craze was owing to the circulation of several volumes he had published of his impossible designs, some of which designs were evidently adapted by the Elizabethan architects, but in a much more reticent spirit.

Fig. 439.—Doorway, Crewe Hall. Inigo Jones.

Fig. 440.—Elizabethan Carved Ornament, from an old house at Exeter. (1590.)

Fig. 441.—Example of Dietterlin’s Architecture; German, Sixteenth Century.


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Transcriber’s Note

Some inconsistencies in formatting conventions have been corrected, without further mention. Occasionally, diacritical marks are used (or not used) inconsistently as well, and been been made regular to facilitate searches.

A quoted passage on p. 326, begins with “It was built probably...”, and apparently continues into the following paragraph (without the conventional opening quotation mark) and ends with “... total height is 33 feet 6 inches.” It is unclear how much of this passage is a direct quotation, since it includes a reference to an illustration in the current text. In any case, it is given here as printed.

Any errors deemed most likely to be the printer’s have been corrected, and are noted here. The references are to the page and line in the original. The following issues should be noted, along with the resolutions.

xiv.2 [2]75. Dionysus and the Lion Added.
xv.15 1[0/6]7. Fragment of Border of Fig. 166 Replaced.
xvi.35 Lake Dwellings, Objects fro[m] Added.
xvii.18 Mosque of K[aī/āi]t Bey, Cairo Corrected.
xvii.33 Ornament on an Arch of the Wekāla K[a/ā]it Bey Replaced.
xviii.46 Pulpit of the Sultan K[aī/āi]t Bey Corrected.
135.4 there is [none] end Sic King James version
79.12 appearance of the whole building[.] Restored.
90.f121 Nymph[œ/æ]a nelumbo; Flower, Leaf, and Fruit. Corrected.
144.f192 drawn by Gautier. [(]P. & C.[)] Added.
163.18 their sculptured figures in the round[.] Restored.
170.23 but the hiero[lyg]gly]phics are not to be relied Transposed.
223.22 his favourite animal attributes[.] Restored.
225.21 the mass of the Greek people[.] Added.
241.13 They show marks of injury by fire[.] Restored.
276.6 a[a/n]d the Indo-Aryan Corrected.
342.27 are also examples of early work ex[e]cuted in England Inserted.
349.10 The Church of N[o/ô]tre-Dame Corrected.
353.18 in many interiors of German churches[.] Added.
356.15 battlemented cornices, and stepped gables[.] Added.
365.2 with fifteenth and sixteenth [ ] Venetian or Renaissance forms sic: century?
376.5 San Michele, of Verona (1484-[1588]) sic d. 1559.
379.16 What is known as the Henri Deux [(]Henry II.) style Added.
383.24 built about this time in England[.] Added.
386.27 was founded on [t]he Roman Restored.